人力资本积累对环境质量的影响
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摘要
基于中国283个地级及以上城市的面板数据,引入高校数量工具变量,采用两阶段二乘回归方法,分析了人力资本积累对环境质量的影响。结果显示:人力资本对地区环境质量的改善具有显著作用;人力资本对环境质量的效应存在区域差异,人力资本高的区域,对环境质量改善的作用更大。
By using 283 cities' panel data,and taking the amount of college as instrumental variable,this essay empirically analyzes the effects of accumulation of human capital on environmental quality. The results show that: The accumulation of human capital can improve environmental quality evidently;Human capital's effect on environmental quality differs from regions,in those region with high human capital's level,human capital's effect on environmental quality is greater.
By using 283 cities' panel data,and taking the amount of college as instrumental variable,this essay empirically analyzes the effects of accumulation of human capital on environmental quality. The results show that: The accumulation of human capital can improve environmental quality evidently;Human capital's effect on environmental quality differs from regions,in those region with high human capital's level,human capital's effect on environmental quality is greater.
引文
[1]马本，张莉，郑新业．收入水平、污染密度与公众环境质量需求[J]．世界经济，2017(9):147-171
[2]宋妍，张明．公众认知与环境治理:中国实现绿色发展的路径探析[J]．中国人口·资源与环境，2018(8):161-168
[3] Halonen-Akatwijuka M. Nature of human capital,technology and ownership of public goods[J]. Journal of Public Economics,2012(11):939-945
[4] Shafik N. Economic Development and Environmental Quality:An Econometric Analysis[J]. Oxford Economic Papers,1994(10):757-773
[5] Stern D I,Common M S,Barbier E B. Economic growth and environmental degradation:The environmental Kuznets curve and sustainable development[J]. World Development,2004(7):1151-1160
[6] Derick Taylor Adu,Elisha Kwaku Denkyirah. Economic growth and environmental pollution in West Africa:Testing the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis[J]. Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences,2017(12):1-8
[7]许和连，邓玉萍．外商直接投资导致了中国的环境污染吗?——基于中国省级面板数据的空间计量研究[J]．管理世界，2012(2):30-43
[8]杨仁发．产业集聚能否改善中国环境污染[J]．中国人口·资源与环境，2015(2):23-29
[9]李鹏．产业结构调整与环境污染之间存在倒U型曲线关系吗?[J]．经济问题探索，2015(12):56-67
[10] Elgin C,Mazhar U. Environmental Regulation,Pollution and the Informal Economy[J]. Working Papers,2012(5):645-656
[11]朱向东等．地方政府竞争、环境规制与中国城市空气污染[J]．中国人口·资源与环境，2018(6):103-110
[12]谭志雄，张阳阳．财政分权与环境污染关系实证研究[J]．中国人口·资源与环境，2015(4):110-117
[13] Lauf S,Haase D,Kleinschmit B. The effects of growth,shrinkage,population aging and preference shifts on urban development—A spatial scenario analysis of Berlin,Germany[J]. Land Use Policy,2016(6):240-254
[14] Grossman G M,Krueger A B. Economic Growth and the Environment[J]. NBER Working Papers,1994(2):353-377
[15] Taylor B R C S. North-South Trade and the Environment[J].The Quarterly Journal of Economics,1994(3):755-787
[16] Porter M E. America’s green strategy[J]. Scientific American,1991(4):168
[17] Alam M M,Murad M W,Noman A H M et al. Relationships among carbon emissions,economic growth,energy consumption and population growth:Testing Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis for Brazil,China,India and Indonesia[J]. Ecological Indicators,2016(70):466-479
[18] Wang S X,Yu B F,Zhe G Z. Population growth and the environmental Kuznets curve[J]. China Economic Review,2015(36):146-165
[19] Boserup E. Environment,Population,and Technology in Primitive Societies[J]. Population&Development Review,1976(1):21
[20] Simon J L. Population and Development in Poor Countries:Selected Essays[M]. Princeton University Press,1992
[21]王芳，周兴．人口结构、城镇化与碳排放——基于跨国面板数据的实证研究[J]．中国人口科学，2012(2):47-56
[22] Okada A. Is an increased elderly population related to decreased CO2emissions from road transportation?[J]. Energy Policy,2012(6):286-292
[23] Menz T,Welsch H. Population aging and carbon emissions in OECD countries:Accounting for life-cycle and cohort effects[J]. Energy Economics,2012(3):842-849
[24]范洪敏，穆怀中．人口老龄化对环境质量的影响机制研究[J]．广东财经大学学报，2017(2):41-52
[25] Fenger J. Urban air Quality[J]. Atmospheric Environment,1999(29):4877-4900
[26] Mayer H. Air Polution in Cities[J]. Atmospheric Environment,1999(29):4029-4037
[27]高明，吴雪萍，郭施宏．城市化进程、环境规制与大气污染——基于STIRPAT模型的实证分析[J]．工业技术经济，2016(9):110-117
[28]穆怀中，范洪敏．城市化对环境质量的影响——基于27个国家面板数据的分析[J]．城市问题，2016(9):73-79
[29] Kim J H. Changes in consumption patterns and environmental degradation in Korea[J]. Structural Change&Economic Dynamics,2004(1):1-48
[30]李楠，邵凯，王前进．中国人口结构对碳排放量影响研究[J]．中国人口·资源与环境，2011(6):19-23
[31]罗能生，张梦迪．人口规模、消费结构和环境效率[J]．人口研究，2017(3):38-52
[32] Goetz S J,Debertin D L. Linkages between human capital and the environment:implications for sustainable economic development[J]. Occasional Paper Series,1997(7):337-344
[33] Lan J,Munro A. Environmental compliance and human capital:Evidence from Chinese industrial firms[J]. Resource&Energy Economics,2013(4):534-557
[34] Lombardelli C,Proudman J,Talbot J. Committees Versus Individuals:An Experimental Analysis of Monetary Policy Decision Making[J]. MPRA Paper,2005(1):181-205
[35] Blanchflower D G,Shadforth C. Fear,Unemployment and Migration[J]. Economic Journal,2009(535):F136–F182
[36]曾凡．人力资本与近代上海职工工资差异——基于1920-40年代上海企业的实证分析[J]．上海经济研究，2011(2):123-136
[37]张同斌，张琦，范庆泉．政府环境规制下的企业治理动机与公众参与外部性研究[J]．中国人口·资源与环境，2017(2):36-43
[38]沈承诚．政府生态治理能力的影响因素分析[J]．社会科学战线，2011(7):173-178
[39]中华环保联合会．中国环保民间组织[EB/OL]. https://baike. so. com/doc/6485627-6699334. html. 2018-8-12
[40]张勇杰．邻避冲突中环保NGO参与作用的效果及其限度——基于国内十个典型案例的考察[J]．中国行政管理，2018(1):39-45
[41]王越．我国居民环保意识影响因素分析[D]．辽宁大学，2015:28-29
[42] Delis M D,Iosifidi M. Environmental awareness,consumption,and labor supply:Empirical evidence from household survey data[J]. Ecological Economics,2016(9):1-11
[43] Aloi M,Tournemaine F. Inequality,growth,and environmental quality trade-offs in a model with human capital accumulation[J]. Canadian Journal of Economics,2013(3):1123–1155
[44]王琪延，侯鹏．北京城市居民环境行为意愿研究[J]．中国人口·资源与环境，2010(10):61-67
[45] Wheeler D,Dasgupta S. Citizen Complaints as Environmental Indicators:Evidence from China[J]. Social Science Electronic Publishing,1997(1):1-26
[46] Hayes B C. Gender,Scientific Knowledge,and Attitudes toward the Environment:A Cross-National Analysis[J]. Political Research Quarterly,2001(3):657-671
[47]王晓楠．公众环境治理参与行为的多层分析[J]．北京理工大学学报(社会科学版)，2018(5):37-45
[48]何兴邦．社会互动与公众环保行为——基于CGSS(2013)的经验分析[J]．软科学，2016(4):98-100
[49]钱晓烨，迟巍，黎波．人力资本对我国区域创新及经济增长的影响——基于空间计量的实证研究[J]．数量经济技术经济研究，2010(4):107-121
[50]李广科．区域人力资本差异的形成机制研究[D]．西北农林科技大学，2012:86-89
[51]王章名，王成璋．研发投入对环境污染影响的实证研究[J]．管理学报，2016(11):1710-1717
[52]李海鹏，叶慧，张俊飚．中国收入差距与环境质量关系的实证检验——基于对环境库兹涅茨曲线的扩展[J]．中国人口·资源与环境，2006(2):46-50
[53]姜磊，周海峰，柏玲．外商直接投资对空气污染影响的空间异质性分析——以中国150个城市空气质量指数(AQI)为例[J]．地理科学，2018(3):351-360
[54]王婷，吕昭河．人口增长、收入水平与城市环境[J]．中国人口·资源与环境，2012(4):143-149
[55]邓翔，张卫．大城市加重地区环境污染了吗?[J]．北京理工大学学报(社会科学版)，2018(1):36-44
[56]邓翔，张卫．大城市加重地区环境污染了吗?[J]．北京理工大学学报(社会科学版)，2018(1):36-44
[57]何仲禹，翟国方．我国大学生就业城市选择意愿及其影响因素分析[J]．人文地理，2015(2):37-42
[58] Duranton G,Puga D. Micro-Foundations of Urban Agglomeration Economies[J]. Social Science Electronic Publishing,2006(4):2063-2117
[59]杨振宇，张程．东迁、自选择与劳动力溢价:“孔雀东南飞”背后的故事[J]．经济学(季刊)，2017(4):1311-1340
[2]宋妍，张明．公众认知与环境治理:中国实现绿色发展的路径探析[J]．中国人口·资源与环境，2018(8):161-168
[3] Halonen-Akatwijuka M. Nature of human capital,technology and ownership of public goods[J]. Journal of Public Economics,2012(11):939-945
[4] Shafik N. Economic Development and Environmental Quality:An Econometric Analysis[J]. Oxford Economic Papers,1994(10):757-773
[5] Stern D I,Common M S,Barbier E B. Economic growth and environmental degradation:The environmental Kuznets curve and sustainable development[J]. World Development,2004(7):1151-1160
[6] Derick Taylor Adu,Elisha Kwaku Denkyirah. Economic growth and environmental pollution in West Africa:Testing the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis[J]. Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences,2017(12):1-8
[7]许和连，邓玉萍．外商直接投资导致了中国的环境污染吗?——基于中国省级面板数据的空间计量研究[J]．管理世界，2012(2):30-43
[8]杨仁发．产业集聚能否改善中国环境污染[J]．中国人口·资源与环境，2015(2):23-29
[9]李鹏．产业结构调整与环境污染之间存在倒U型曲线关系吗?[J]．经济问题探索，2015(12):56-67
[10] Elgin C,Mazhar U. Environmental Regulation,Pollution and the Informal Economy[J]. Working Papers,2012(5):645-656
[11]朱向东等．地方政府竞争、环境规制与中国城市空气污染[J]．中国人口·资源与环境，2018(6):103-110
[12]谭志雄，张阳阳．财政分权与环境污染关系实证研究[J]．中国人口·资源与环境，2015(4):110-117
[13] Lauf S,Haase D,Kleinschmit B. The effects of growth,shrinkage,population aging and preference shifts on urban development—A spatial scenario analysis of Berlin,Germany[J]. Land Use Policy,2016(6):240-254
[14] Grossman G M,Krueger A B. Economic Growth and the Environment[J]. NBER Working Papers,1994(2):353-377
[15] Taylor B R C S. North-South Trade and the Environment[J].The Quarterly Journal of Economics,1994(3):755-787
[16] Porter M E. America’s green strategy[J]. Scientific American,1991(4):168
[17] Alam M M,Murad M W,Noman A H M et al. Relationships among carbon emissions,economic growth,energy consumption and population growth:Testing Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis for Brazil,China,India and Indonesia[J]. Ecological Indicators,2016(70):466-479
[18] Wang S X,Yu B F,Zhe G Z. Population growth and the environmental Kuznets curve[J]. China Economic Review,2015(36):146-165
[19] Boserup E. Environment,Population,and Technology in Primitive Societies[J]. Population&Development Review,1976(1):21
[20] Simon J L. Population and Development in Poor Countries:Selected Essays[M]. Princeton University Press,1992
[21]王芳，周兴．人口结构、城镇化与碳排放——基于跨国面板数据的实证研究[J]．中国人口科学，2012(2):47-56
[22] Okada A. Is an increased elderly population related to decreased CO2emissions from road transportation?[J]. Energy Policy,2012(6):286-292
[23] Menz T,Welsch H. Population aging and carbon emissions in OECD countries:Accounting for life-cycle and cohort effects[J]. Energy Economics,2012(3):842-849
[24]范洪敏，穆怀中．人口老龄化对环境质量的影响机制研究[J]．广东财经大学学报，2017(2):41-52
[25] Fenger J. Urban air Quality[J]. Atmospheric Environment,1999(29):4877-4900
[26] Mayer H. Air Polution in Cities[J]. Atmospheric Environment,1999(29):4029-4037
[27]高明，吴雪萍，郭施宏．城市化进程、环境规制与大气污染——基于STIRPAT模型的实证分析[J]．工业技术经济，2016(9):110-117
[28]穆怀中，范洪敏．城市化对环境质量的影响——基于27个国家面板数据的分析[J]．城市问题，2016(9):73-79
[29] Kim J H. Changes in consumption patterns and environmental degradation in Korea[J]. Structural Change&Economic Dynamics,2004(1):1-48
[30]李楠，邵凯，王前进．中国人口结构对碳排放量影响研究[J]．中国人口·资源与环境，2011(6):19-23
[31]罗能生，张梦迪．人口规模、消费结构和环境效率[J]．人口研究，2017(3):38-52
[32] Goetz S J,Debertin D L. Linkages between human capital and the environment:implications for sustainable economic development[J]. Occasional Paper Series,1997(7):337-344
[33] Lan J,Munro A. Environmental compliance and human capital:Evidence from Chinese industrial firms[J]. Resource&Energy Economics,2013(4):534-557
[34] Lombardelli C,Proudman J,Talbot J. Committees Versus Individuals:An Experimental Analysis of Monetary Policy Decision Making[J]. MPRA Paper,2005(1):181-205
[35] Blanchflower D G,Shadforth C. Fear,Unemployment and Migration[J]. Economic Journal,2009(535):F136–F182
[36]曾凡．人力资本与近代上海职工工资差异——基于1920-40年代上海企业的实证分析[J]．上海经济研究，2011(2):123-136
[37]张同斌，张琦，范庆泉．政府环境规制下的企业治理动机与公众参与外部性研究[J]．中国人口·资源与环境，2017(2):36-43
[38]沈承诚．政府生态治理能力的影响因素分析[J]．社会科学战线，2011(7):173-178
[39]中华环保联合会．中国环保民间组织[EB/OL]. https://baike. so. com/doc/6485627-6699334. html. 2018-8-12
[40]张勇杰．邻避冲突中环保NGO参与作用的效果及其限度——基于国内十个典型案例的考察[J]．中国行政管理，2018(1):39-45
[41]王越．我国居民环保意识影响因素分析[D]．辽宁大学，2015:28-29
[42] Delis M D,Iosifidi M. Environmental awareness,consumption,and labor supply:Empirical evidence from household survey data[J]. Ecological Economics,2016(9):1-11
[43] Aloi M,Tournemaine F. Inequality,growth,and environmental quality trade-offs in a model with human capital accumulation[J]. Canadian Journal of Economics,2013(3):1123–1155
[44]王琪延，侯鹏．北京城市居民环境行为意愿研究[J]．中国人口·资源与环境，2010(10):61-67
[45] Wheeler D,Dasgupta S. Citizen Complaints as Environmental Indicators:Evidence from China[J]. Social Science Electronic Publishing,1997(1):1-26
[46] Hayes B C. Gender,Scientific Knowledge,and Attitudes toward the Environment:A Cross-National Analysis[J]. Political Research Quarterly,2001(3):657-671
[47]王晓楠．公众环境治理参与行为的多层分析[J]．北京理工大学学报(社会科学版)，2018(5):37-45
[48]何兴邦．社会互动与公众环保行为——基于CGSS(2013)的经验分析[J]．软科学，2016(4):98-100
[49]钱晓烨，迟巍，黎波．人力资本对我国区域创新及经济增长的影响——基于空间计量的实证研究[J]．数量经济技术经济研究，2010(4):107-121
[50]李广科．区域人力资本差异的形成机制研究[D]．西北农林科技大学，2012:86-89
[51]王章名，王成璋．研发投入对环境污染影响的实证研究[J]．管理学报，2016(11):1710-1717
[52]李海鹏，叶慧，张俊飚．中国收入差距与环境质量关系的实证检验——基于对环境库兹涅茨曲线的扩展[J]．中国人口·资源与环境，2006(2):46-50
[53]姜磊，周海峰，柏玲．外商直接投资对空气污染影响的空间异质性分析——以中国150个城市空气质量指数(AQI)为例[J]．地理科学，2018(3):351-360
[54]王婷，吕昭河．人口增长、收入水平与城市环境[J]．中国人口·资源与环境，2012(4):143-149
[55]邓翔，张卫．大城市加重地区环境污染了吗?[J]．北京理工大学学报(社会科学版)，2018(1):36-44
[56]邓翔，张卫．大城市加重地区环境污染了吗?[J]．北京理工大学学报(社会科学版)，2018(1):36-44
[57]何仲禹，翟国方．我国大学生就业城市选择意愿及其影响因素分析[J]．人文地理，2015(2):37-42
[58] Duranton G,Puga D. Micro-Foundations of Urban Agglomeration Economies[J]. Social Science Electronic Publishing,2006(4):2063-2117
[59]杨振宇，张程．东迁、自选择与劳动力溢价:“孔雀东南飞”背后的故事[J]．经济学(季刊)，2017(4):1311-1340