西北生态山岳旅游健康发展评估
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摘要
生态山岳的旅游健康发展程度对山地旅游资源的可持续利用具有重要的影响。采用层次分析法和熵权法对2018年西北地区的华山、麦积山和天山天池的旅游生态健康进行了分析。结果表明:三大山岳景区旅游健康发展均处于健康状态;在资源健康方面,天山天池表现为非常健康,华山和麦积山处于健康等级;在环境健康方面,麦积山处于非常健康,华山和天山天池处于健康等级;在经济健康和旅游社会方面,三大景区均表现为健康。
The healthy development of ecological mountain tourism has an important influence on the sustainable utilization of mountain tourism resources. Analytic hierarchy process(AHP) and entropy weight method were used to analyze the tourism ecological health of Huashan, Maiji and Tianchi Lake in northwest China in 2018.The results showed that the healthy development of the three mountain scenic spots was in a healthy state. In terms of resource health, Tianchi Lake was very healthy, while Huashan and Maiji mountains are in the health grade. In terms of environmental health, Maiji mountain was very healthy, Huashan mountain and Tianchi Lake were healthy. In terms of economic health and tourism society, the three scenic spots were all healthy.
The healthy development of ecological mountain tourism has an important influence on the sustainable utilization of mountain tourism resources. Analytic hierarchy process(AHP) and entropy weight method were used to analyze the tourism ecological health of Huashan, Maiji and Tianchi Lake in northwest China in 2018.The results showed that the healthy development of the three mountain scenic spots was in a healthy state. In terms of resource health, Tianchi Lake was very healthy, while Huashan and Maiji mountains are in the health grade. In terms of environmental health, Maiji mountain was very healthy, Huashan mountain and Tianchi Lake were healthy. In terms of economic health and tourism society, the three scenic spots were all healthy.
引文
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[29] 郭金维,蒲绪强,高祥,等.一种改进的多目标决策指标权重计算方法[J].西安电子科技大学学报,2014,41(6):118-125.
[2] PICKERING C M,HARRINGTON J,WORBOYS G,et al.Environmental impacts of tourism on the Australian Alps protected areas:judgments of protected area managers[J].Mountain Research and Development,2003,23(3):247-254.
[3] GAUGHAN A E,BINFORD M W,SOUTHWORTH J,et al.Tourism,forest conversion,and land transformations in the Angkor basin,Cambodia[J].Applied Geography,2009,29(2):212-223.
[4] KUVAN Y.Mass tourism development and deforestation in Turkey[J].Anatolia,2010,21(1):155-168.
[5] 武克军,宋秋,孙永兴,等.中国生态山岳旅游健康发展指数评估体系构建[J].乐山师范学院学报,2019,34(1):61- 67.
[6] 四川在线.中国山岳旅游联盟2018(峨眉山)年会举行,《中国生态山岳旅游健康发展指数》《峨眉山旅游蓝皮书(2018)》发布[EB/OL].(2018-11-03)[2018-11-26].https://sichuan.scol.com.cn/m/lsxw/201811/56640704.html?from=groupmessage.
[7] RAPPORT D J,BOHM G M,BUCKINGHAM D E,et al.Ecosystem health:the concept,the ISEH,and the important tasks ahead[J].Ecosystem Health,1999,5(2):82-90.
[8] RAPPORT D J.What constitutes ecosystem health?[J].Perspectives in Biology and Medicine,1989,33:120-132.
[9] RAPPORT D J,THORPE C,REGIER H A.Ecosystem medicine[J].Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America,1979,60(4):180-182.
[10] 周彬,钟林生,陈田,等.舟山群岛旅游生态健康动态评价[J].地理研究,2015,34(2):306-318.
[11] COSTANZA R.Toward an operational definition of ecosystem health[G]//Ecosystem Health:New Goals for Environmental Management,1st;Costanza R,Norton B G,Haskell B D,Eds.Island Press:Washington,DC,USA,1992:239-256.
[12] COSTANZA R,MAGEAU M T.What is a healthy ecosystem?[J].Aquatic Ecology,1999,33(1):105-115.
[13] MAGEAU M T.The development and initial testing of quantitative assessment of ecosystem health[J].Ecosystem Health,1995(1):201-213.
[14] 袁兴中,刘红,陆健健.生态系统健康评价——概念构架与指标选择[J].应用生态学报,2001(4):627-629.
[15] 联合国.《二十一世纪议程》[EB/OL].(2000-04-18)[2018-11-26].http://www.un.org/chinese/events/wssd/agenda21.htm.
[16] 郭日生.全球实施《21世纪议程》的主要进展与趋势[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2011,21(10):21-26.
[17] ESTEVEZ E,RODRIGUEZCASTILLO T,ALVAREZCABRIA M,et al.Analysis of structural and functional indicators for assessing the health state of mountain streams[J].Ecological Indicators,2017:553-564.
[18] QIAN C,SASAKI N,JOURDAIN D,et al.Local livelihood under different governances of tourism development in China——a case study of Huangshan mountain area[J].Tourism Management,2017,61:221-233.
[19] KOKKORIS I P,DRAKOU E G,MAES J,et al.Ecosystem services supply in protected mountains of greece:setting the baseline for conservation management[J].International Journal of Biodiversity Science,Ecosystems Services & Management,2018,14(1):45-59.
[20] GARCIALLORENTE M,HARRISON P A,BERRY P,et al.What can conservation strategies learn from the ecosystem services approach?insights from ecosystem assessments in two Spanish protected areas[J].Biodiversity and Conservation,2018,27(7):1575-1597.
[21] TANG C,WU X,ZHENG Q,et al.Ecological security evaluations of the tourism industry in ecological conservation development areas:a case study of Beijing’s ECDA[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2018,197:999-1010.
[22] SAHANA M,HONG H,SAJJAD H,et al.Assessing deforestation susceptibility to forest ecosystem in Rudraprayag district,India using fragmentation approach and frequency ratio model[J].Science of the Total Environment,2018,627:1264-1275.
[23] LIN Y,LI W J,YU J,et al.Ecological sensitivity evaluation of tourist region based on remote sensing image——taking Chaohu lake area as a case study[J].International Archives of the Photogrammetry,Remote Sensing & Spatial Information Sciences,2018,42(3):1015-1021.
[24] 周彬,钟林生,王灵恩,等.自然保护区旅游生态健康评价指标与评价模型——以黑龙江省白头鹤自然保护区为例[J].林业资源管理,2015(5):145-150.
[25] COLE V,SINCLAIR A J.Measuring the ecological footprint of a himalayan tourist center[J].Mountain Research and Development,2002,22(2):132-141.
[26] 刘焱序,彭建,汪安,等.生态系统健康研究进展[J].生态学报,2015,35(18):5920-5930.
[27] 郭春霞,诸云强,孙伟等.中国 1 km 生物丰度指数分布数据集[J].全球变化数据学报,2017,1(1):60-65.
[28] MILAD A,BASRI N E A,YOUNES M K,et al.Selecting the affected factors on pavement distress problems using Analytical Hierarchy Process(AHP)[J].International Journal of Engineering & Technology,2018,7(2.29):716-718.
[29] 郭金维,蒲绪强,高祥,等.一种改进的多目标决策指标权重计算方法[J].西安电子科技大学学报,2014,41(6):118-125.