打顶剂对麦后直播棉产量构成及生长发育的影响
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摘要
为探讨棉花打顶剂在长江流域对麦后直播棉产量及生长发育的影响,以早熟棉品种‘中棉所50’为材料,于2016-2017年在江苏省宿迁市开展打顶剂(DPC+)的比较试验。结果表明:喷施打顶剂棉花株高和果枝数显著高于人工打顶、低于不打顶,而上部果枝长度显著低于人工打顶和不打顶,株型更加紧凑、通风透光好。新生节间长度和新生果枝长度在不同剂量打顶剂处理下差异显著,而且随着打顶剂剂量增加长度逐渐变小,同时在人工打顶时间喷施打顶剂处理显著长于推迟5 d喷施打顶剂处理。单株成铃数基本表现为打顶剂处理高于人工打顶及不打顶处理,且人工打顶时间喷施打顶剂处理高于推迟5 d喷施打顶剂处理,单铃质量、衣分以打顶处理基本高于不打顶处理。连续2 a在人工打顶时间喷施打顶剂(DPC+) 1 125mL·hm~(-2)条件下,实际籽棉产量、皮棉产量平均达3 994.20 kg·hm~(-2)和1 464.10 kg·hm~(-2),比人工打顶条件下分别稳定增产0.9%和1.0%,且在此处理下,群体叶面积指数较为适宜(约4.0)、棉株功能叶叶绿素含量较高。
In order to study the effect of cotton topping agent on the yield and growth of direct seeded cotton after wheat in the Yangtze River Valley, the comparative experiment of topping agent DPC+ was conducted in Suqian city, Jiangsu province, with the early maturing cotton variety ‘Zhongmiansuo 50' as the material, from 2016 to 2017.The results indicated that the plant height and fruit branch number of cotton spraied topping agent were significantly higher than that of manual topping and lower than that of non-topping, while the length of upper fruit branch was significantly lower than that of manual topping and non-topping, which resulted in more light transmittance in middle and lower layer of cotton canopy.The length of new internode and fruit branch were significantly different under different concentration of topping agent, and the length became smaller with the increasing of concentration of topping agent, under the condition of spraying topping agent at manual topping time, both of them are longger.The number of bolls per plant in the treatment of topping agent was higher than that of manual detopping and non-topping, and spraying topping agent at manual topping time were higher than that of spraying topping agent 5 days later.The treatment without topping were the lowest in boll weight and lint percentage.Under the condition of manual topping time spraying agent DPC+ 1 125 mL·hm~(-2) in 2016-2017 cotton seasons, the actual seed cotton yield and lint yield respectively reached 3 994.20 kg·hm~(-2) and 1 464.10 kg·hm~(-2),which increased steadily by 0.9% and 1.0%, compared with manual topping.The leaf area index of population was about 4.0 and the chlorophyll content was higher.
In order to study the effect of cotton topping agent on the yield and growth of direct seeded cotton after wheat in the Yangtze River Valley, the comparative experiment of topping agent DPC+ was conducted in Suqian city, Jiangsu province, with the early maturing cotton variety ‘Zhongmiansuo 50' as the material, from 2016 to 2017.The results indicated that the plant height and fruit branch number of cotton spraied topping agent were significantly higher than that of manual topping and lower than that of non-topping, while the length of upper fruit branch was significantly lower than that of manual topping and non-topping, which resulted in more light transmittance in middle and lower layer of cotton canopy.The length of new internode and fruit branch were significantly different under different concentration of topping agent, and the length became smaller with the increasing of concentration of topping agent, under the condition of spraying topping agent at manual topping time, both of them are longger.The number of bolls per plant in the treatment of topping agent was higher than that of manual detopping and non-topping, and spraying topping agent at manual topping time were higher than that of spraying topping agent 5 days later.The treatment without topping were the lowest in boll weight and lint percentage.Under the condition of manual topping time spraying agent DPC+ 1 125 mL·hm~(-2) in 2016-2017 cotton seasons, the actual seed cotton yield and lint yield respectively reached 3 994.20 kg·hm~(-2) and 1 464.10 kg·hm~(-2),which increased steadily by 0.9% and 1.0%, compared with manual topping.The leaf area index of population was about 4.0 and the chlorophyll content was higher.
引文
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[14] 张晓莉,逢春蕾,周峰.棉花化学打顶的综合效益分析[J].新疆农垦经济,2015(6):13-17.ZHANG X L,FENG CH L,ZHOU F.Comprehensive benefit analysis of chemical topping in cotton [J].Xinjiang State Farms Economy,2015(6):13-17.
[15] 陈兵,王静,王刚,等.土优塔化学打顶剂对新疆棉花农艺性状及经济特性的影响[J].南方农业学报,2017,48(6):991-996.CHEN B,WANG J,WANG G,et al.Chemical topping agent Toyouta on agronomic traits and economical characters of cotton in Xinjiang [J].Journal of Southern Agriculture,20174,48(6):991-996 .
[16] 杨成勋,张旺锋,徐守振,等.喷施化学打顶剂对棉花冠层结构及群体光合生产的影响[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(9):1672-1684.YANG CH X,ZHANG W F,XU SH ZH,et al.Effects of spraying chemical topping agents on canopy structureand canopy photosynthetic production in cotton [J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2016,49(9):1672-1684.
[17] 崔建强,孙国军,马丽,等.南疆棉花化学打顶剂应用研究[J].棉花科学,2015,37(2):30-33.CUI J Q,SUN G J,MA L,et al.Research on cotton spraying of chemical topping in Southern Xinjiang [J].Cotton Sciences,2015,37(2):30-33.
[18] KARADEMIR C,KARADEMIR E,EKINCI R,et al.Correlations and path coefficient analysis between leaf chlorophyll content,yield and yield components in cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.) under drought stress conditions [J].Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca,2009,37(2):241-244.
[2] 刘燕,原保忠,张献龙,等.缩节胺调控棉花生长依据概述[J].中国棉花,2012,39(1):9-11.LIU Y,YUAN B ZH,ZHANG X L,et al.Review of criteria of mepiquat chloride for redulating cotton growth [J].China Cotton,2012,39(1):9-11.
[3] 王刚,张鑫,陈兵,等.新疆第七师130团土优塔棉花化学打顶剂效果试验研究[J].安徽农业科学,2015,43(33):67-68.WANG G,ZHANG X,CHEN B,et al.Effect test of toyota-cotton topping agent in Xinjiang seventh division 130 group [J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2015,43(33):67-68.
[4] 韩辉.棉花机械与人工打顶对比试验[J].安徽农学通报,2007,93(5):179.HAN H.Comparative experiment of cotton mechanical and manual topping [J].Anhui Agronomy Bulletin,2007,93(5):179.
[5] 李雪,朱昌华,夏凯,等.辛酸甲酯、癸酸甲酯和6-BA对棉花去顶的影响[J].棉花学报,2009,21(1):70-72.LI X,ZHU CH H,XIA K,et al.Effects of methyl octanoate,methyl decanoate and 6-BA on topping in cotton [J].Cotton Science,2009,21(1):70-72.
[6] 赵强,周春江,张巨松,等.化学打顶对南疆棉花农艺和经济性状的影响[J].棉花学报,2011,23(4):329-333.ZHAO Q,ZHOU CH J,ZHANG J S,et al.Effect of chemical detopping on the canopy and yield of cotton(Gossypium hirsutum) in South Xinjiang [J].Cotton Science,2011,23(4):329-333.
[7] 康正华,赵强,娄善伟,等.不同化学打顶剂对棉花农艺性状及产量性状的影响[J].新疆农业科学,2015,52(7):1200-1208.KANG ZH H,ZHAO Q,LOU SH W,et al.Effects on the agronomic and economic characters of cotton by applying different topping chemicals [J].Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,2015,52(7):1200-1208.
[8] 袁青锋,郑新疆,张静,等.化学打顶对棉花生长发育和产量的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2015,43(5):72-74.YUAN Q F,ZHENG X J,ZHANG J,et al.Effects of chemical topping on cotton growth and yield [J].Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,2015,43(5):72-74.
[9] 李新裕,陈玉娟.新疆垦区长绒棉化学封顶取代人工打顶试验研究[J].中国棉花,2001,28(1):11-12.LI X Y,CHEN Y J.Experimental study on chemical top capping of long-staple cotton in Xinjiang reclamation area instead of artificial topping [J].China Cotton,2001,28(1):11-12.
[10] 董春玲,罗宏海,张亚黎,等.喷施氟节胺对棉花农艺性状的影响及化学打顶效应研究[J].新疆农业科学,2013,50(11):1985-1990.DONG CH L,LUO H H,ZHANG Y L,et al.Research on cotton agronomic traits and chemical topping effect after spraying flumetralin [J].Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,2013,50(11):1985-1990.
[11] 赵强,张巨松,周春江,等.化学打顶对棉花群体容量的拓展效应[J].棉花学报,2011,23(5):401-407.ZHAO Q,ZHANG J S,ZHOU CH J,et al.Chemical detopping increases the optimum plant density in cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.) [J].Cotton Science,2011,23(5):401-407.
[12] 娄善伟,赵强,朱北京,等.棉花化学封顶对植株上部枝叶形态变化的影响[J].西北农业学报,2015,24(8):62-67.LOU SH W,ZHAO Q,ZHU B J,et al.Effect of chemical topping on morphologic changes of leaves and branches in upper part of cotton [J].Acta Adriculturea Boreali-occidentalis Sinica,2015,24(8):62-67.
[13] 王刚,陈兵,张鑫,等.化学打顶剂对新陆早48号棉花生长发育及产量的影响[J].广东农业科学,2015,21(19):11-14.WANG G,CHEN B,ZHANG X,et al.Influences of chemical topping agent on growth and yield of cotton Xinluzao 48 [J].Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,2015,21(19):11-14.
[14] 张晓莉,逢春蕾,周峰.棉花化学打顶的综合效益分析[J].新疆农垦经济,2015(6):13-17.ZHANG X L,FENG CH L,ZHOU F.Comprehensive benefit analysis of chemical topping in cotton [J].Xinjiang State Farms Economy,2015(6):13-17.
[15] 陈兵,王静,王刚,等.土优塔化学打顶剂对新疆棉花农艺性状及经济特性的影响[J].南方农业学报,2017,48(6):991-996.CHEN B,WANG J,WANG G,et al.Chemical topping agent Toyouta on agronomic traits and economical characters of cotton in Xinjiang [J].Journal of Southern Agriculture,20174,48(6):991-996 .
[16] 杨成勋,张旺锋,徐守振,等.喷施化学打顶剂对棉花冠层结构及群体光合生产的影响[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(9):1672-1684.YANG CH X,ZHANG W F,XU SH ZH,et al.Effects of spraying chemical topping agents on canopy structureand canopy photosynthetic production in cotton [J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2016,49(9):1672-1684.
[17] 崔建强,孙国军,马丽,等.南疆棉花化学打顶剂应用研究[J].棉花科学,2015,37(2):30-33.CUI J Q,SUN G J,MA L,et al.Research on cotton spraying of chemical topping in Southern Xinjiang [J].Cotton Sciences,2015,37(2):30-33.
[18] KARADEMIR C,KARADEMIR E,EKINCI R,et al.Correlations and path coefficient analysis between leaf chlorophyll content,yield and yield components in cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.) under drought stress conditions [J].Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca,2009,37(2):241-244.