田间模拟加温对麦蚜、天敌种群数量及小麦产量的影响
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摘要
连续两年在小麦拔节后通过田间模拟加温,研究变温条件下温度升高对麦蚜及其天敌种群动态的影响。结果表明,与空白对照区相比,加温处理区麦蚜和寄生性天敌的数量显著增加,麦蚜被寄生率降低,捕食性天敌数量的变化不明显。其次,加温处理区小麦的产量指标如穗重、穗粒重、穗粒数、平均粒重等相对空白对照区均有不同程度的降低。本研究为构建麦蚜气候响应模型,模拟气候变暖形势下麦蚜的发生趋势,以及提高预测预报的准确性提供了数据支持。
Effects of simulated field warming on population dynamics of wheat aphid and its natural enemies were studied after wheat jointing for two consecutive years. It was found that numbers of wheat aphids and parasitic natural enemies increased significantly in warming treat compared with the control, but the parasitic rate of wheat aphid decreased.However, numbers of predatory natural enemies changed was not obvious. Compared with the control, wheat yield indexes such as panicle weight, grain numbers and weight per ear and average grain weight in the heated area were all decreased.The purpose of this study was supported to establish a climate response model for wheat aphid, and to simulate occurring trend and improve forecast accuracy of wheat aphids occurrence under climate warming situation.
Effects of simulated field warming on population dynamics of wheat aphid and its natural enemies were studied after wheat jointing for two consecutive years. It was found that numbers of wheat aphids and parasitic natural enemies increased significantly in warming treat compared with the control, but the parasitic rate of wheat aphid decreased.However, numbers of predatory natural enemies changed was not obvious. Compared with the control, wheat yield indexes such as panicle weight, grain numbers and weight per ear and average grain weight in the heated area were all decreased.The purpose of this study was supported to establish a climate response model for wheat aphid, and to simulate occurring trend and improve forecast accuracy of wheat aphids occurrence under climate warming situation.
引文
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[7]马罡,马春森.三种麦蚜在温度梯度中活动行为的临界高温[J].生态学报,2007,27(6):2449-2459.
[2]赵中华,王强,朱晓明.2015年全国小麦病虫害发生新特点与防治新思路[J].中国植保导刊,2016,36(8):33-36,45.
[3]陈瑜,马春森.气候变暖对昆虫影响研究进展[J].生态学报,2010,30(8):2159-2172.
[4]马罡,马春森.禾谷缢管蚜对温度梯度的行为反应[J]植物保护学报,2007,34(6):624-630.
[5]Villalpando S N,Williams R S,Norby R J.Elevated air temperature alters an old field insect community in a multifactor climate change experiment[J].Global Change Biology,2009,15(4):930-942.
[6]韩宗礼.模拟气候变暖对冬小麦-麦蚜-天敌互作关系的影响[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2017:13-14.
[7]马罡,马春森.三种麦蚜在温度梯度中活动行为的临界高温[J].生态学报,2007,27(6):2449-2459.