关于PCB行业含磷废水除磷工艺的探讨
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摘要
PCB生产线的生产工艺中使用大量难降解的表面活性剂和含磷化学除油剂,会产生大量含磷废水,且废水成分复杂、总磷含量高。目前污水排放中的磷含量控制越来越严格,本文针对PCB行业废水水质特点,总结了当前除磷技术,并展望未来除磷技术的发展方向。
In the PCB industry,the use of a large number of refractory surfactants and phosphorus-containing chemical degreasers in the production of circuit boards produces a large amount of phosphorus-containing wastewater. The composition of the wastewater is complex and has high contents of the total phosphorus. At present,the discharge limit for phosphorus in sewage is more and more strict. This paper summarizes the current phosphorus removal technology according to the characteristics of wastewater quality in the PCB industry,and looks forward to the future development direction of phosphorus removal technology.
In the PCB industry,the use of a large number of refractory surfactants and phosphorus-containing chemical degreasers in the production of circuit boards produces a large amount of phosphorus-containing wastewater. The composition of the wastewater is complex and has high contents of the total phosphorus. At present,the discharge limit for phosphorus in sewage is more and more strict. This paper summarizes the current phosphorus removal technology according to the characteristics of wastewater quality in the PCB industry,and looks forward to the future development direction of phosphorus removal technology.
引文
[1]郝晓地,衣兰凯,王崇臣,等.磷回收技术的研发现状及发展趋势[J].环境科学学报,2010,30(5):897-907.
[2]付春平,钟成华,邓春光.水体富营养化成因分析[J].重庆建筑大学学报,2005,27(1):128-131.
[3]BIZSEL N,USLU O.Phosphate,nitrogen and iron enrichment in the polluted Izmir bay,Aegean sea[J].Mar.Environ.Res.,2000,49(2):101-122.
[4]谯华,周从直,谢有奎,等.湖泊富营养化的形成机理与防治对策[J].环境科学导刊,2007,26(6):45-48.
[5]唐朝春,刘名,陈惠民,等.吸附除磷技术的研究进展[J].水处理技术,2014,40(9):1-7,12.
[6]刘超,彭进平,陈世荣,等.PCB含磷废水来源,危害及其相关处理技术[J].清洁生产与经营管理,2015,23(z1):325-329.
[7]孟顺龙,裘丽萍,陈家长,等.污水化学沉淀法除磷研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(35):264-268.
[8]邵青.EM除磷效果初探[J].工业水处理,2001,21(2):16-18,46.
[9]金洪建,闫梦博.降低印制电路板行业废水氮磷浓度的工艺方法探讨[J].印制电路信息,2017,25(11):54-59.
[10]牛艳红.污水处理中除磷方法的利弊分析[J].河北工业科技,2006,23(6):356-359,384.
[11]俞蕴芳,顾俊.城市污水化学除磷药剂的选择实验研究[J].污染防治技术,2010,23(4):74-76,100.
[12]帖春英.改良A2/O与化学除磷工艺用于城市污水处理[J].中国给水排水,2010,26(20):116-118,121.
[13]罗富金.城市污水处理升级改造中化学除磷原理及费用[J].山西建筑,2010,36(29):174-175.
[14]闵智,甘民,左宁,等.SBR侧流除磷工艺低成本化学除磷及磷回收潜能分析[J].宁夏大学学报(自然科学版),2011,32(2):154-158.
[15]吴燕,安树林.废水除磷方法的现状与展望[J].天津工业大学学报,2001,20(1):74-78.
[16]KWON J H,KIM I K,PARK K Y,et al.Removal of phosphorus and coliforms from secondary effluent using ferrate(VI)[J].KSCE J Civ Eng,2014,18(1):81-85.
[17]ZHONG S,GAO H,KUANG W,et al.Mechanism of high concentration phosphorus wastewater treated by municipal solid waste incineration fly ash[J].J.Cent.South Univ.,2014,21(5):1982-1988.
[18]李翠翠,郑文禹.污水除磷及磷回收技术研究进展[J].广东化工,2018,45(9):150-153.
[19]夏雄,刘威,许霞,等.PSAF-CPAM高分子无机-有机复合絮凝剂表征及其对印染废水除磷效果分析[J].工业安全与环保,2018,44(3):82-85.
[20]念东,王佳伟,刘立超,等.城市污水处理厂化学除磷效果及运行成本研究[J].给水排水,2008,44(5):7-10.
[21]唐朝春,刘名,陈惠民,等.吸附除磷技术的研究进展[J].水处理技术,2014,40(9):1-7,12.
[22]ALTMANN J,SPERLICH A,JEKEL M.Integrating organic micropollutant removal into tertiary filtration:Combining PAC adsorption with advanced phosphorus removal[J].Water Res.,2015,84:58-65.
[23]GENZ A,KORNMLLER A,JEKEL M.Advanced phosphorus removal from membrane filtrates by adsorption on activated aluminium oxide and granulated ferric hydroxide[J].Water Res.,2004,38(16):3523-3530.
[24]王卫东,郝瑞霞,张晓娴,等.高效磷吸附剂Mg/Al-LDO的制备及除磷机制[J].环境科学,2017,38(2):572-579.
[25]ZHANG L,WAN L H,CHANG N,et al.Removal of phosphate from water by activated carbon fiber loaded with lanthanum oxide[J].J.Hazard.Mater.,2011,190(1/2/3):848-855.
[26]王顺利,王秀红,周新初,等.沸石-纳米零价铁的制备及其对溶液中Cu2+的吸附研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2017,36(3):583-590.
[27]WANC L,DING S,ZHANG C,et al.Simultaneous recovery of nitrogen and phosphorus from sludge fermentation liquid by zeolite adsorption:Mechanism and application[J].Sep.Purif.Technol.,2017,180:1-12.
[28]BANU H T,MEENAKSHI S.One pot synthesis of chitosan grafted quaternized resin for the removal of nitrate and phosphate from aqueous solution[J].Int.J.Biol.Macromol.,2017,104:1517-1527.
[29]GAN F Q,ZHOU J M,WANG H Y,et al.Removal of phosphate from aqueous solution by thermally treated natural palygorskite[J].Water Res.,2009,43(11):2907-2915.
[30]HAGHSERESHT F,WANG S B,DO D D.A novel lanthanum-modified bentonite,Phoslock,for phosphate removal from wastewaters[J].Appl.Clay Sci.,2009,46(4):369-375.
[31]TIAN S L,JIANG P X,NING P,et al.Enhanced adsorption removal of phosphate from water by mixed lanthanum/aluminum pillared montmorillonite[J].Chem.Eng.J.,2009,151(1/2/3):141-148.
[32]XIONG W H,PENG J.Development and characterization of ferrihydrite-modified diatomite as a phosphorus adsorbent[J].Water Res.,2008,42(19):4869-4877.
[33]RENTZ J A,TURNER I P,ULLMAN J L.Removal of phosphorus from solution using biogenic iron oxides[J].Water Res.,2009,43(7):2029-2035.
[34]ZENG L,LI X M,LIU J D.Adsorptive removal of phosphate from aqueous solutions using iron oxide tailings[J].Water Res.,2004,38(5):1318-1326.
[35]LIU T,WU K,ZENG L H.Removal of phosphorus by a composite metal oxide adsorbent derived from manganese ore tailings[J].J.Hazard.Mater.,2012,217:29-35.
[36]刘宝河,张林生,孟冠华,等.TBX多孔陶粒滤料制备及废水吸附除磷试验研究[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2010,46(3):389-394.
[37]朱格仙,张建民,王蓓.活性炭负载氧化锆制备除磷吸附剂的最佳条件研究[J].中国给水排水,2008,24(3):79-81.
[38]胡小莲,杨林章,何世颖,等.Fe3O4/BC复合材料的制备及其吸附除磷性能[J].环境科学研究,2018,31(1):143-153.
[39]陈力,祝向荣,李国超,等.质子化壳聚糖/磁性复合材料对含磷污水中磷的吸附特性[J].上海第二工业大学学报,2018,35(1):16-22.
[40]MARTN H G,IVANOVA N,KUNIN V,et al.Metagenomic analysis of two enhanced biological phosphorus removal(EBPR)sludge communities[J].Nat Biotechnol,2006,24(10):1263-1269.
[41]LV X,SHAO M F,LI J,et al.Metagenomic analysis of the sludge microbial community in a lab-scale denitrifying phosphorus removal reactor[J].Appl Biochem Biotechnol,2015,175(7):3258-3270.
[42]黎新,武艳如,吴楠.污水处理脱氮除磷新工艺研究现状[J].建材与装饰,2017(48):157-158.
[43]贺亮.新型好氧/缺氧/好氧/延长闲置序批式反应器除磷性能[J].江苏农业科学,2017,45(2):225-228.
[44]WANG Y Y,REN Z J,JIANG F,et al.Effect of copper ion on the anaerobic and aerobic metabolism of phosphorus-accumulating organisms linked to intracellular storage compounds[J].J.Hazard.Mater.,2011,186(1):313-319.
[45]FANG J,SUN P D,XU S J,et al.Impact of Cr(VI)on P removal performance in enhanced biological phosphorus removal(EBPR)system based on the anaerobic and aerobic metabolism[J].Bioresour.Technol.,2012,121:379-385.
[46]于嵘,苏相琴,步秀芹,等.镍对活性污泥生物除磷的影响及其机理[J].化工环保,2018,38(1):57-61.
[47]孙剑.重金属镍(Ⅱ)对强化生物除磷系统中污泥的理化性质及其除磷性能的影响[D].长沙:湖南大学,2017.
[48]周峰.生物脱氮除磷工艺中的化学辅助除磷试验研究[D].济南:山东建筑大学,2010.
[49]WANG J L,SHI H C,QIAN Y.Wastewater treatment in a hybrid biological reactor(HBR):effect of organic loading rates[J].Process.Biochem.,2000,36(4):297-303.
[50]周律,李哿,SHIN Hang-sik,等.生物膜复合系统脱氮除磷的特征及微生物群落结构分析[J].环境科学学报,2012,32(6):1312-1318.
[51]李非里,盛礼俊,俞桂莲,等.甲壳素作为微生物载体在废水生化处理中的应用[J].浙江工业大学学报,2000,28(2):152-154,159.
[52]CRAGGS R J,ADEY W H,JENSON K R,et al.Phosphorus removal from wastewater using an algal turf scrubber[J].Water Sci.Technol.,1996,33(7):191-198.
[53]张洪亮.基于电化学的化学镀镍废水处理实验研究[D].苏州:苏州科技大学,2016.
[54]王锐.电絮凝-石灰沉淀处理高浓度磷酸盐废水的工艺研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2017.
[55]宋清.化学镀镍废液的电化学再生研究[D].广州:广东工业大学,2013.
[2]付春平,钟成华,邓春光.水体富营养化成因分析[J].重庆建筑大学学报,2005,27(1):128-131.
[3]BIZSEL N,USLU O.Phosphate,nitrogen and iron enrichment in the polluted Izmir bay,Aegean sea[J].Mar.Environ.Res.,2000,49(2):101-122.
[4]谯华,周从直,谢有奎,等.湖泊富营养化的形成机理与防治对策[J].环境科学导刊,2007,26(6):45-48.
[5]唐朝春,刘名,陈惠民,等.吸附除磷技术的研究进展[J].水处理技术,2014,40(9):1-7,12.
[6]刘超,彭进平,陈世荣,等.PCB含磷废水来源,危害及其相关处理技术[J].清洁生产与经营管理,2015,23(z1):325-329.
[7]孟顺龙,裘丽萍,陈家长,等.污水化学沉淀法除磷研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(35):264-268.
[8]邵青.EM除磷效果初探[J].工业水处理,2001,21(2):16-18,46.
[9]金洪建,闫梦博.降低印制电路板行业废水氮磷浓度的工艺方法探讨[J].印制电路信息,2017,25(11):54-59.
[10]牛艳红.污水处理中除磷方法的利弊分析[J].河北工业科技,2006,23(6):356-359,384.
[11]俞蕴芳,顾俊.城市污水化学除磷药剂的选择实验研究[J].污染防治技术,2010,23(4):74-76,100.
[12]帖春英.改良A2/O与化学除磷工艺用于城市污水处理[J].中国给水排水,2010,26(20):116-118,121.
[13]罗富金.城市污水处理升级改造中化学除磷原理及费用[J].山西建筑,2010,36(29):174-175.
[14]闵智,甘民,左宁,等.SBR侧流除磷工艺低成本化学除磷及磷回收潜能分析[J].宁夏大学学报(自然科学版),2011,32(2):154-158.
[15]吴燕,安树林.废水除磷方法的现状与展望[J].天津工业大学学报,2001,20(1):74-78.
[16]KWON J H,KIM I K,PARK K Y,et al.Removal of phosphorus and coliforms from secondary effluent using ferrate(VI)[J].KSCE J Civ Eng,2014,18(1):81-85.
[17]ZHONG S,GAO H,KUANG W,et al.Mechanism of high concentration phosphorus wastewater treated by municipal solid waste incineration fly ash[J].J.Cent.South Univ.,2014,21(5):1982-1988.
[18]李翠翠,郑文禹.污水除磷及磷回收技术研究进展[J].广东化工,2018,45(9):150-153.
[19]夏雄,刘威,许霞,等.PSAF-CPAM高分子无机-有机复合絮凝剂表征及其对印染废水除磷效果分析[J].工业安全与环保,2018,44(3):82-85.
[20]念东,王佳伟,刘立超,等.城市污水处理厂化学除磷效果及运行成本研究[J].给水排水,2008,44(5):7-10.
[21]唐朝春,刘名,陈惠民,等.吸附除磷技术的研究进展[J].水处理技术,2014,40(9):1-7,12.
[22]ALTMANN J,SPERLICH A,JEKEL M.Integrating organic micropollutant removal into tertiary filtration:Combining PAC adsorption with advanced phosphorus removal[J].Water Res.,2015,84:58-65.
[23]GENZ A,KORNMLLER A,JEKEL M.Advanced phosphorus removal from membrane filtrates by adsorption on activated aluminium oxide and granulated ferric hydroxide[J].Water Res.,2004,38(16):3523-3530.
[24]王卫东,郝瑞霞,张晓娴,等.高效磷吸附剂Mg/Al-LDO的制备及除磷机制[J].环境科学,2017,38(2):572-579.
[25]ZHANG L,WAN L H,CHANG N,et al.Removal of phosphate from water by activated carbon fiber loaded with lanthanum oxide[J].J.Hazard.Mater.,2011,190(1/2/3):848-855.
[26]王顺利,王秀红,周新初,等.沸石-纳米零价铁的制备及其对溶液中Cu2+的吸附研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2017,36(3):583-590.
[27]WANC L,DING S,ZHANG C,et al.Simultaneous recovery of nitrogen and phosphorus from sludge fermentation liquid by zeolite adsorption:Mechanism and application[J].Sep.Purif.Technol.,2017,180:1-12.
[28]BANU H T,MEENAKSHI S.One pot synthesis of chitosan grafted quaternized resin for the removal of nitrate and phosphate from aqueous solution[J].Int.J.Biol.Macromol.,2017,104:1517-1527.
[29]GAN F Q,ZHOU J M,WANG H Y,et al.Removal of phosphate from aqueous solution by thermally treated natural palygorskite[J].Water Res.,2009,43(11):2907-2915.
[30]HAGHSERESHT F,WANG S B,DO D D.A novel lanthanum-modified bentonite,Phoslock,for phosphate removal from wastewaters[J].Appl.Clay Sci.,2009,46(4):369-375.
[31]TIAN S L,JIANG P X,NING P,et al.Enhanced adsorption removal of phosphate from water by mixed lanthanum/aluminum pillared montmorillonite[J].Chem.Eng.J.,2009,151(1/2/3):141-148.
[32]XIONG W H,PENG J.Development and characterization of ferrihydrite-modified diatomite as a phosphorus adsorbent[J].Water Res.,2008,42(19):4869-4877.
[33]RENTZ J A,TURNER I P,ULLMAN J L.Removal of phosphorus from solution using biogenic iron oxides[J].Water Res.,2009,43(7):2029-2035.
[34]ZENG L,LI X M,LIU J D.Adsorptive removal of phosphate from aqueous solutions using iron oxide tailings[J].Water Res.,2004,38(5):1318-1326.
[35]LIU T,WU K,ZENG L H.Removal of phosphorus by a composite metal oxide adsorbent derived from manganese ore tailings[J].J.Hazard.Mater.,2012,217:29-35.
[36]刘宝河,张林生,孟冠华,等.TBX多孔陶粒滤料制备及废水吸附除磷试验研究[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2010,46(3):389-394.
[37]朱格仙,张建民,王蓓.活性炭负载氧化锆制备除磷吸附剂的最佳条件研究[J].中国给水排水,2008,24(3):79-81.
[38]胡小莲,杨林章,何世颖,等.Fe3O4/BC复合材料的制备及其吸附除磷性能[J].环境科学研究,2018,31(1):143-153.
[39]陈力,祝向荣,李国超,等.质子化壳聚糖/磁性复合材料对含磷污水中磷的吸附特性[J].上海第二工业大学学报,2018,35(1):16-22.
[40]MARTN H G,IVANOVA N,KUNIN V,et al.Metagenomic analysis of two enhanced biological phosphorus removal(EBPR)sludge communities[J].Nat Biotechnol,2006,24(10):1263-1269.
[41]LV X,SHAO M F,LI J,et al.Metagenomic analysis of the sludge microbial community in a lab-scale denitrifying phosphorus removal reactor[J].Appl Biochem Biotechnol,2015,175(7):3258-3270.
[42]黎新,武艳如,吴楠.污水处理脱氮除磷新工艺研究现状[J].建材与装饰,2017(48):157-158.
[43]贺亮.新型好氧/缺氧/好氧/延长闲置序批式反应器除磷性能[J].江苏农业科学,2017,45(2):225-228.
[44]WANG Y Y,REN Z J,JIANG F,et al.Effect of copper ion on the anaerobic and aerobic metabolism of phosphorus-accumulating organisms linked to intracellular storage compounds[J].J.Hazard.Mater.,2011,186(1):313-319.
[45]FANG J,SUN P D,XU S J,et al.Impact of Cr(VI)on P removal performance in enhanced biological phosphorus removal(EBPR)system based on the anaerobic and aerobic metabolism[J].Bioresour.Technol.,2012,121:379-385.
[46]于嵘,苏相琴,步秀芹,等.镍对活性污泥生物除磷的影响及其机理[J].化工环保,2018,38(1):57-61.
[47]孙剑.重金属镍(Ⅱ)对强化生物除磷系统中污泥的理化性质及其除磷性能的影响[D].长沙:湖南大学,2017.
[48]周峰.生物脱氮除磷工艺中的化学辅助除磷试验研究[D].济南:山东建筑大学,2010.
[49]WANG J L,SHI H C,QIAN Y.Wastewater treatment in a hybrid biological reactor(HBR):effect of organic loading rates[J].Process.Biochem.,2000,36(4):297-303.
[50]周律,李哿,SHIN Hang-sik,等.生物膜复合系统脱氮除磷的特征及微生物群落结构分析[J].环境科学学报,2012,32(6):1312-1318.
[51]李非里,盛礼俊,俞桂莲,等.甲壳素作为微生物载体在废水生化处理中的应用[J].浙江工业大学学报,2000,28(2):152-154,159.
[52]CRAGGS R J,ADEY W H,JENSON K R,et al.Phosphorus removal from wastewater using an algal turf scrubber[J].Water Sci.Technol.,1996,33(7):191-198.
[53]张洪亮.基于电化学的化学镀镍废水处理实验研究[D].苏州:苏州科技大学,2016.
[54]王锐.电絮凝-石灰沉淀处理高浓度磷酸盐废水的工艺研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2017.
[55]宋清.化学镀镍废液的电化学再生研究[D].广州:广东工业大学,2013.