PM_(2.5)致卵巢癌的风险及城乡差异的生态学研究
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摘要
为了评估PM_(2.5)排放导致女性生殖系统癌症的风险以及城乡差异,以卵巢癌为例,分析了中国东部地区2000～2011年期间PM_(2.5)和卵巢癌发病率和死亡率的相关关系,并估算了PM_(2.5)排放导致卵巢癌发病率和死亡率升高的风险.结果表明,城市地区卵巢癌发病率和死亡率显著高于农村,在城市地区,PM_(2.5)与卵巢癌发病率显著相关,PM_(2.5)年平均浓度每上升10μg/m~3,城市地区卵巢癌发病率上升的相对风险为9.3%(相对于PM_(2.5)年平均浓度为35μg/m~3时),每十万人口升高0.51人.
In order to assess the risk of female reproductive system cancer caused by PM_(2.5) and the difference between urban and rural areas, by taking ovarian cancer as an example, this paper analyzed the correlation between the PM_(2.5) and the incidence and mortality of ovarian cancer and estimated the increased risk of ovarian cancer incidence and mortality to PM_(2.5) in eastern China during the years 2000～2011. The results showed that, the incidence and mortality of ovarian cancer in urban areas were significantly higher than those in rural areas. In urban area, with every 10 μg/m~3 increment of average annual PM_(2.5) concentration, the relative risk of ovarian cancer incidence increased 9.3%(compared with the average annual PM_(2.5) concentration of 35μg/m~3), and the incidence increased 0.51 people per one hundred thousand people.
In order to assess the risk of female reproductive system cancer caused by PM_(2.5) and the difference between urban and rural areas, by taking ovarian cancer as an example, this paper analyzed the correlation between the PM_(2.5) and the incidence and mortality of ovarian cancer and estimated the increased risk of ovarian cancer incidence and mortality to PM_(2.5) in eastern China during the years 2000～2011. The results showed that, the incidence and mortality of ovarian cancer in urban areas were significantly higher than those in rural areas. In urban area, with every 10 μg/m~3 increment of average annual PM_(2.5) concentration, the relative risk of ovarian cancer incidence increased 9.3%(compared with the average annual PM_(2.5) concentration of 35μg/m~3), and the incidence increased 0.51 people per one hundred thousand people.
引文
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[21]An X Q,Hou Q,Li N,et al.Assessment of human exposure level to PM10in China[J].Atmospheric Environment,2014,70:376-386.
[22]张爽爽,夏庆民,郑荣寿,等.中国2010年卵巢癌发病与死亡分析[J].中国肿瘤,2016,25(3):169-173.Zhang S S,Xia Q M,Zheng R S,et al.Incidence and Mortality of Ovarian Cancer in China,2010.China Cancer.2016,25(3):169-173.
[2]Ye B M,Ji X L,Yang H Z,et al.(2003).Concentration and chemical composition of PM2.5 in Shanghai for a 1-year period[J].Atmospheric Environment,2003,37(4):499-510.
[3]李文香,黄凯清.大气细颗粒物PM2.5与女性生殖系统肿瘤的关系及影响[J].实用医学杂志,2014,30(20):3352-3354.Li W X,Huang K Q.Relationship between PM2.5 and female reproductive system tumors[J].The Journal of Practical Medicine,2014,30(20):3352-3354.
[4]Deng X,Zhang F,Rui W,et al.PM2.5-induced oxidative stress triggers autophagy in human lung epithelial A549 Cells[J].Toxicology in vitro.2013,27:1762-1770.
[5]李雪雪,张红霞,郑昕蕊,等.PM2.5暴露对小鼠卵巢雌、孕激素受体表达的影响[J].现代妇产科进展,2017,26(5):369-372.Li X X,Zhang H X,Zheng X R,et al.Effects of PM2.5 exposure on the expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors in mouse ovary.Progress in Obstetrics and Gynecology.2017,26(5):369-372.
[6]车瑞俊,刘大锰,董雪玲,等.北京市大气PM10和PM2.5中多环芳烃组分的致突变性[J].环境与健康杂志,2008,25(12):1047-1050.Che R J,Liu D M,Dong X L,et al.Mutagenicity of PAHs Fraction in the PM10 and PM2.5 collected in Beijing City.Journal of Environment and Health.2008,25(12):1047-1050.
[7]Chen S T,Lin C C,Liu Y S,et al.Airborne particulate collected from central Taiwan induces DNA strand breaks,Poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1activation,and estrogen-disrupting activity in human breast carcinoma cell lines[J].Environmental Letters,2013,48(2):173-181.
[8]Jeffy B D,Chirnomas R B,Romagnolo D F.2002.Epigenetics of breast cancer:polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as risk factors[J].Environ Mol Mutagen,39:235-244.
[9]Yang F,Tan J,Zhao Q,et al.Characteristics of PM2.5 speciation in representative megacities and across China[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics.2011,11(11):5207-19.
[10]毕丽玫,郝吉明,宁平,等.昆明城区大气PM2.5中PAHs的污染特征及来源分析[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(3):659-667.Bi L M,Hao J M,Ning P,et al.Characteristics and sources apportionment of PM2.5-bound PAHs in Kunming[J].China Environmental Science.2015,35(3):659-667.
[11]刘贵荣,史国良,张普,等.成都市PM10中多环芳烃来源识别及毒性评估[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(10):2479-2484.Liu G Y,Shi G L,Zhang P,et al.Source identification and toxicity assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in particulate matter of Chengdu,China.China Environmental Science.2014,34(10):2479-2484.
[12]彭希珑,何宗健,刘小真,等.南昌市大气PM2.5中多环芳烃的污染特征及源解析[J].南昌大学学报(理科版),2009,33(5):499-504.Peng X L,He Z J,Liu X Z,et al.Characteristic of PAHs pollution and their sources apportionment in fine particulate matter(PM2.5)of Nanchang City.Journal of Nanchang University(Natural Science).2009,33(5):499-504.
[13]Parikh P V,Wei Y.PAHs and PM2.5 emissions and female breast cancer incidence in metro Atlanta and rural Georgia[J].International Journal of Environmental Health Research,2016,26:458-466.
[14]於永爱,狄文.BRCA1与卵巢恶性肿瘤的研究进展[J].中国妇幼保健,2009,24(18):2587-2589.Yu Y A,Di W.Advances in BRCA-1and Ovarian Malignant Tumors.Maternal and Child Health Care of China,2009,24(18):2587-2589.
[15]李连心,张楚微,肖娟,等.乳腺癌易感基因BRCA1/BRCA2的研究进展[J].现代医药卫生,2018,34(13):2016-2018.Li L X,Zhang C W,Xiao J,et al.Advances in Breast Cancer Susceptibility Gene BRCA1/BRCA2.Journal of Modern Medicine and Health.2018,34(13):2016-2018.
[16]Hung L J,Chan T F,Wu C H,et al.Traffic Air Pollution and Risk of Death from Ovarian Cancer in Taiwan:Fine Particulate Matter(PM2.5)as a Proxy Marker[J].Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health,Part A.2012,75:174-182.
[17]Wernli K J,Ray R M,Gao D L,et al.Occupational exposures and ovarian cancer in textile workers[J].Epidemiology,2008,19(2):244-250.
[18]Chen W Q,Zheng R S,Baade P D,et al.Cancer Statistics in China,2015.CA-A Cancer Journal for Clinicians,2016,doi:10.3322/caac.21338.
[19]Fu J Y,Jiang D,Lin G,et al.An ecological analysis of PM2.5concentrations and lung cancer mortality rates in China[J].BMJ open.2015,5:e009452.
[20]孙兆彬,安兴琴,陶燕,等.基于GIS和大气数值模拟技术评估兰州市PM10的人群暴露水平[J].中国环境科学,2012,32(10):1753-1757.Sun Z B,An X Q,Tao Y,et al.Assessment on population exposure levels of PM10in Lanzhou based on GIS and atmospheric numerical simulation technology.China Environmental Science.2012,32(10):1753-1757.
[21]An X Q,Hou Q,Li N,et al.Assessment of human exposure level to PM10in China[J].Atmospheric Environment,2014,70:376-386.
[22]张爽爽,夏庆民,郑荣寿,等.中国2010年卵巢癌发病与死亡分析[J].中国肿瘤,2016,25(3):169-173.Zhang S S,Xia Q M,Zheng R S,et al.Incidence and Mortality of Ovarian Cancer in China,2010.China Cancer.2016,25(3):169-173.