基于生态足迹的柳州市生态安全时空分析与评价
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摘要
基于生态足迹法,对2007—2016年柳州市和2016年柳州市一区六县人均生态足迹、人均生态承载力、人均生态赤字进行测算,分析柳州市生态安全变化趋势。研究结果表明,在研究期间,柳州市人均生态赤字在1.873 6～2.719 6 hm~2之间,长期处于生态赤字状态,生态安全状态皆为极不安全,可持续发展形势严峻。人均生态承载力呈缓慢下降趋势,人均生态足迹与人均生态赤字协同变化,于2013年达到峰值后开始下降,生态压力有所缓解;柳州市一区六县生态赤字空间差异表现为:柳州市总生态赤字主要来源于市区,各区县除融水苗族自治县外均处于生态赤字状态。融水苗族自治县处于较安全状态,三江侗族自治县和融安县处于较不安全状态,鹿寨县处于很不安全状态,其余地区均为极不安全状态。经济和人口增长是柳州市生态足迹增长的重要原因,而技术进步有助于减小生态足迹。近年来,柳州市经济发展模式逐渐由粗放型向集约型转变,有效缓解了生态恶化程度,但以工业为主体的经济和人口的增长所引发的能源与资源的高消费,仍然制约着柳州市的可持续发展,威胁着柳州市的生态安全。
Based on the ecological footprint method,per capita ecological footprint,per capita ecological carrying capacity and per capita ecological deficit of Liuzhou City in 2007-2016 and urban area and six counties of Liuzhou in 2016 were measured,and the ecological security trends in Liuzhou City were analyzed. The result suggests that:During the research period,the per capita ecological deficit of Liuzhou City was between 1.873 6 ～2.719 6 hm~2/person,and it was in an ecological deficit for a long time,the ecological security status was extremely unsafe and the sustainable development situation was severe. Among them,the per capita ecological carrying capacity shows a slow downward trend,and the per capita ecological footprint and the per capita ecological deficit change in coordination,which began to decline after reaching the peak in 2013,and the ecological pressure has been alleviated;the spatial difference of ecological security of urban and six counties in Liuzhou city can be revealed:The total ecological deficit of Liuzhou City mainly comes from the urban area,most districts and counties in Liuzhou are in an ecological deficit state. Among them,Rongshui Miao Autonomous County is in a relatively safe state,Sanjiang Dong Autonomous County and Rongan County are in a relatively unsafe state,Luzhai County is in a very unsafe state,and the rest are extremely insecure;economic and population growth is an important reason for the growth of ecological footprint in Liuzhou city,and technological progress helps to reduce it. In recent years,the economic development model of Liuzhou has gradually changed from extensive to intensive,which has effectively alleviated the ecological deterioration,However,the high consumption of energy and resources caused by industrial economy and population growth still restricts the sustainable development of Liuzhou and threatens the ecological security of Liuzhou.
Based on the ecological footprint method,per capita ecological footprint,per capita ecological carrying capacity and per capita ecological deficit of Liuzhou City in 2007-2016 and urban area and six counties of Liuzhou in 2016 were measured,and the ecological security trends in Liuzhou City were analyzed. The result suggests that:During the research period,the per capita ecological deficit of Liuzhou City was between 1.873 6 ～2.719 6 hm~2/person,and it was in an ecological deficit for a long time,the ecological security status was extremely unsafe and the sustainable development situation was severe. Among them,the per capita ecological carrying capacity shows a slow downward trend,and the per capita ecological footprint and the per capita ecological deficit change in coordination,which began to decline after reaching the peak in 2013,and the ecological pressure has been alleviated;the spatial difference of ecological security of urban and six counties in Liuzhou city can be revealed:The total ecological deficit of Liuzhou City mainly comes from the urban area,most districts and counties in Liuzhou are in an ecological deficit state. Among them,Rongshui Miao Autonomous County is in a relatively safe state,Sanjiang Dong Autonomous County and Rongan County are in a relatively unsafe state,Luzhai County is in a very unsafe state,and the rest are extremely insecure;economic and population growth is an important reason for the growth of ecological footprint in Liuzhou city,and technological progress helps to reduce it. In recent years,the economic development model of Liuzhou has gradually changed from extensive to intensive,which has effectively alleviated the ecological deterioration,However,the high consumption of energy and resources caused by industrial economy and population growth still restricts the sustainable development of Liuzhou and threatens the ecological security of Liuzhou.
引文
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[2]Rees W E. Ecological Footprints and Appropriated Carrying Capacity:What Urban Economics Leaves Out[J]. Environ Urban,1992(4):121-130.
[3]Wackernagel M, Rees W E. Our Ecological Footprint:Reducing Human Impact on the Earth[M]. Gabriola Island,B C,Canada:New Society Publishers,1996:61-83.
[4]赵先贵,马彩虹,高利峰,等.基于生态压力指数的不同尺度区域生态安全评价[J].中国生态农业学报,2007(6):135-138.
[5]方恺.生态足迹深度和广度:构建三维模型的新指标[J].生态学报,2013,33(1):267-274.
[6]杨青,逯承鹏,周锋,等.基于能值—生态足迹模型的东北老工业基地生态安全评价——以辽宁省为例[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(5):1594-1602.
[7]仇蕾,崔韵文.江苏省生态足迹动态分解及区域差异[J].长江流域资源与环境,2018,27(6):1388-1396.
[8]柳州市统计局.柳州市统计年鉴2007—2016[Z]. 2008—2017.
[9]谢鸿宇,叶慧珊.中国主要农产品全球平均产量的更新计算[J].广州大学学报(自然科学版),2008(1):76-80.
[10]王宁宁.基于生态足迹理论的苏州市可持续发展动态评估[D].苏州:苏州大学,2017.
[11]朱晚秋.四川省三维生态足迹时空演变与驱动力研究[D].成都:四川师范大学,2018.
[12]徐中民,程国栋,张志强.生态足迹方法的理论解析[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2006(6):69-78.
[13]刘某承,李文华,谢高地.基于净初级生产力的中国生态足迹产量因子测算[J].生态学杂志,2010,29(3):592-597.
[14]刘某承,李文华.基于净初级生产力的中国各地生态足迹均衡因子测算[J].生态与农村环境学报,2010,26(5):401-406.
[15]成舸,岳贤平.基于生态足迹的江苏省生态安全研究及预测[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(20):12442-12446.