2016年德阳市噪声作业工人职业健康检查结果分析
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摘要
目的了解德阳市噪声作业工人健康状况,为噪声作业人员的职业病防治和相关部门监管、制度政策提供参考。方法收集2016年德阳市职业健康检查机构上报的噪声作业工人《职业健康检查个案卡》,对其进行分析。结果收集9 186名噪声作业工人的职业健康资料,平均年龄为(41.07±8.60)岁,听力损失检出率为13.2%,血压异常为13.7%,心电图异常为16.0%,听力损失检出率男性高于女性(χ~2=91.181,P<0.05),血压异常检出率男性高于女性(χ~2=65.054,P<0.05),心电图异常检出率男性低于女性(χ~2=7.677,P<0.05);听力损失和血压异常的检出率随着年龄和工龄的增长而升高;不同企业规模、不同地区工人健康损害的情况差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);不同地区噪声检测的超标率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=50.882,P<0.01);职业性噪声聋主要集中在中小型、私有、国有、制造业。结论德阳市噪声作业工作健康损害较严重,需监管部门、企业和劳动者共同采取措施,防止职业病的发生。
Objective The study aimed to assess the health status of noise-exposed workers in Deyang city and to provide reference for the supervision and system policies of relevant departments. Methods The health cards of workers reported in2016 were collected from occupational health inspection organization. Results The detection rate of hearing loss was 13.2%,abnormal blood pressure was 13.7%, and abnormal ECG was 16.0%. The detection rate of hearing loss was higher in males than females(P<0.05). The detection rate of abnormal blood pressure was higher in males than in females(P<0.05), and the abnormal rate of ECG was lower in females than in female(P<0.05). The rate of noise >85 dB(A) is different in different areas(P<0.01). Occupational noise-induced deafness mainly concentrated in small and medium-sized, private, state-owned,manufacturing facilities. Conclusion The hearing loss of the noise-exposed workers in Deyang City was more serious, and therefore, government, enterprise and workers should work together to reduce the occupational diseases.
Objective The study aimed to assess the health status of noise-exposed workers in Deyang city and to provide reference for the supervision and system policies of relevant departments. Methods The health cards of workers reported in2016 were collected from occupational health inspection organization. Results The detection rate of hearing loss was 13.2%,abnormal blood pressure was 13.7%, and abnormal ECG was 16.0%. The detection rate of hearing loss was higher in males than females(P<0.05). The detection rate of abnormal blood pressure was higher in males than in females(P<0.05), and the abnormal rate of ECG was lower in females than in female(P<0.05). The rate of noise >85 dB(A) is different in different areas(P<0.01). Occupational noise-induced deafness mainly concentrated in small and medium-sized, private, state-owned,manufacturing facilities. Conclusion The hearing loss of the noise-exposed workers in Deyang City was more serious, and therefore, government, enterprise and workers should work together to reduce the occupational diseases.
引文
[1]国家卫生和计划生育委员会.职业病分类和目录[EB/OL].[2019-01-05].http://www.mohrss.gov.cn/gkml/xxgk/201401/t20140108_121664.html.
[2]国家卫生和计划生育委员会.GBZ 188-2014职业健康监护技术规范[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2014.
[3] International Organization for Standardization. ISO 8253-1:2010.Acoustics-Audiometric test methods-Part 1:Pure-tone airand bone conduction audiometry[S]. Geneva:International Organiza-tion for Standardization, 2010.
[4]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.GB/T 7582-2004听阈与年龄关系的统计分布[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2004.
[5]国家卫生和计划生育委员会.GBZ 49-2014职业性噪声聋的诊断[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2015.
[6]刘移民.职业病防治理论与实践[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2010:67-68.
[7]罗丽,刘勇,徐昇,等.2015年德阳市噪声作业工人职业健康检查结果分析[J].工业卫生与职业病,2018,44(1):58-60.
[8]徐宇虹,边阳甫,叶森德.某发电厂噪声作业工人职业性听力损伤情况分析[J].浙江预防医学,2012,24(6):50-51, 60.
[9]李盛,王金玉,邸兆信,等.噪声危害企业785名作业工人听力损伤情况分析[J].疾病预防控制通报,2013,28(4):47-48.
[10]陈瑞梅,植妙,李南春,等.清远市某宝石加工企业噪声职业病危害现况调查[J].中国职业医学,2013,40(6):598-599.
[11]曹峰,刘晓,袁新铭,等.1838例噪声作业工人健康损害情况分析[J].实用预防医学,2015,5(5):610-612.
[12]朱方艳,郁颖蕾,王兴春.橡胶加工噪声对作业人员心血管系统的影响[J].职业与健康,2008,11(21):2247-2250.
[13]蒋纪文.噪声对听觉外系统损伤的研究进展[J].西南军医,2008,10(3):114-117.
[2]国家卫生和计划生育委员会.GBZ 188-2014职业健康监护技术规范[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2014.
[3] International Organization for Standardization. ISO 8253-1:2010.Acoustics-Audiometric test methods-Part 1:Pure-tone airand bone conduction audiometry[S]. Geneva:International Organiza-tion for Standardization, 2010.
[4]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.GB/T 7582-2004听阈与年龄关系的统计分布[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2004.
[5]国家卫生和计划生育委员会.GBZ 49-2014职业性噪声聋的诊断[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2015.
[6]刘移民.职业病防治理论与实践[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2010:67-68.
[7]罗丽,刘勇,徐昇,等.2015年德阳市噪声作业工人职业健康检查结果分析[J].工业卫生与职业病,2018,44(1):58-60.
[8]徐宇虹,边阳甫,叶森德.某发电厂噪声作业工人职业性听力损伤情况分析[J].浙江预防医学,2012,24(6):50-51, 60.
[9]李盛,王金玉,邸兆信,等.噪声危害企业785名作业工人听力损伤情况分析[J].疾病预防控制通报,2013,28(4):47-48.
[10]陈瑞梅,植妙,李南春,等.清远市某宝石加工企业噪声职业病危害现况调查[J].中国职业医学,2013,40(6):598-599.
[11]曹峰,刘晓,袁新铭,等.1838例噪声作业工人健康损害情况分析[J].实用预防医学,2015,5(5):610-612.
[12]朱方艳,郁颖蕾,王兴春.橡胶加工噪声对作业人员心血管系统的影响[J].职业与健康,2008,11(21):2247-2250.
[13]蒋纪文.噪声对听觉外系统损伤的研究进展[J].西南军医,2008,10(3):114-117.