天山北坡野生无芒雀麦群落特征研究
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摘要
【目的】研究天山北坡野生无芒雀麦群落特征,分析该种质资源在新疆草地群落中的地位与作用。【方法】以新疆天山北坡西段、中段和东段的5个地区为对象,采用野外取样的方法,分种测定5个地区3个海拔梯度下的无芒雀麦群落特征。【结果】(1)无芒雀麦主要与禾本科、豆科植物混生,重要值在天山北坡中段、低海拔区域较大。(2)物种多样性从天山北坡西段至东段,呈现先增加后减少的趋势,地区内随海拔升高呈现增加趋势,但在地区间、地区内差异均不显著。(3)群落数量特征在地区间存在较小差异,无芒雀麦相对数量特征从西至东呈现先增加后减少的趋势,在中段地区最高。而地区内无芒雀麦相对群落数量特征不存在差异性。【结论】不同地区群落中无芒雀麦地位相差不大,天山北坡中段地区的群落中无芒雀麦相对盖度、密度和地上生物量高于其他地区,物种多样性更加丰富。随海拔的升高,群落物种增加,无芒雀麦的重要地位逐渐降低,无芒雀麦在群落中相对数量特征变化不大。
【Objective】 To study the characteristics of wild Bromus inermis community on the northern slope of Tianshan Mountains and reveal the status and role of the germplasm resources in grassland communities in Xinjiang.【Method】The five regions of the western, central and eastern sections of the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang were taken as the research object, the field sampling method was used to determine the characteristics of the Bromus inermis community under three altitude gradients in five regions.【Result】(1) The Bromus inermis was mainly mixed with gramineae and legumes. The important value was larger in the middle section of the northern slope of Tianshan Mountain and in the low altitude area.(2) The species diversity increased first and then decreased from the western part of the northern slope of Tianshan Mountains to the eastern part of Tianshan Mountains, and increased with the increase of altitude in the region, but there was no significant difference among the regions.(3) There were small differences in the number of community characteristics between the regions. The relative quantitative characteristics of Bromus inermis increased first and then decreased from west to east, and highest in the middle part of the region. However, there was no difference in the relative population characteristics of Bromus inermis in the region.【Conclusion】There is no significant difference in the status of Bromus inermis in different communities in different areas. The relative coverage, density and aboveground biomass of the Bromus inermis in the middle part of the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains were higher than those in other areas, and the species diversity was more abundant. With the increase of altitude, the species of the community increased, and the important position of Bromus inermis decreased gradually. The relative quantitative characteristics of Bromus inermis in the community did not change much.
【Objective】 To study the characteristics of wild Bromus inermis community on the northern slope of Tianshan Mountains and reveal the status and role of the germplasm resources in grassland communities in Xinjiang.【Method】The five regions of the western, central and eastern sections of the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang were taken as the research object, the field sampling method was used to determine the characteristics of the Bromus inermis community under three altitude gradients in five regions.【Result】(1) The Bromus inermis was mainly mixed with gramineae and legumes. The important value was larger in the middle section of the northern slope of Tianshan Mountain and in the low altitude area.(2) The species diversity increased first and then decreased from the western part of the northern slope of Tianshan Mountains to the eastern part of Tianshan Mountains, and increased with the increase of altitude in the region, but there was no significant difference among the regions.(3) There were small differences in the number of community characteristics between the regions. The relative quantitative characteristics of Bromus inermis increased first and then decreased from west to east, and highest in the middle part of the region. However, there was no difference in the relative population characteristics of Bromus inermis in the region.【Conclusion】There is no significant difference in the status of Bromus inermis in different communities in different areas. The relative coverage, density and aboveground biomass of the Bromus inermis in the middle part of the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains were higher than those in other areas, and the species diversity was more abundant. With the increase of altitude, the species of the community increased, and the important position of Bromus inermis decreased gradually. The relative quantitative characteristics of Bromus inermis in the community did not change much.
引文
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[2]郝彦宾,王艳芬,崔骁勇.干旱胁迫降低了内蒙古羊草草原的碳累积[J].植物生态学报,2010,34(8):898-906.HAO Yan-bin,WANG Yan-fen,CUI Xiao-yong.(2010).Drought stress reduces carbon accumulation in Leymus chinensis steppe in Inner Mongolia [J].Acta Phytoecologica Sinica,34(8):898-906.(in Chinese)
[3]陈生云,刘文杰,叶柏生,等.疏勒河上游地区植被物种多样性和生物量及其与环境因子的关系[J].草业学报,2011,20(3):70-83.CHEN Sheng-yun,LIU Wen-jie,YE Bai-sheng,et al.(2011).The relationship between vegetation species diversity and biomass in the upper reaches of Shule River and its relationship with environmental factors [J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,20(3):70-83.(in Chinese)
[4]郭正刚,牛富俊,湛虎,等.青藏高原北部多年冻土退化过程中生态系统的变化特征[J].生态学报,2007,(8):3 294-3 301.GUO Zheng-gang,NIU Fu-jun,ZHAN Hu,et al.(2007).Changes of ecosystems during permafrost degradation in the northern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau [J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,(8):3,294-3,301.(in Chinese)
[5]姚强.高寒退化草地狼毒群落物种多样性与种间关系研究[D].西安:西北师范大学硕士论文,2011.YAO Qiang.(2011).Study on species diversity and interspecific relationship of Stellera chamaejasme community in alpine degraded grassland [D].Master Dissertation.Northwest Normal University,Xian.(in Chinese)
[6] Niering,W.A.,Whittaker,R.H.,& Lowe,C.H.(1963).The saguaro:a population in relation to environment.Science,142(3588):15-23.
[7]杨利民,韩梅,周广胜,等.草地群落物种多样性维持机制的研究 Ⅲ.物种分布格局[J].吉林农业大学学报,2002,(1):58-61.YANG Li-min,HAN Mei,ZHOU Guang-sheng,et al.(2002).Studies on the Maintaining Mechanism of Species Diversity Of Grassland CommunityIII .Species Distribution Pattern [J].Journal of Jilin Agricultural University,(1):58-61.(in Chinese)
[8]希吉日塔娜,吕世杰,卫智军,等.不同放牧制度下短花针茅荒漠草原植物种群作用和种间关系分析[J].生态环境学报,2013,22(6):976-982.Xijiritana,Lü Shi-jie,WEI Zhi-jun,et al.(2013).Analysis of the role of Stipa breviflora desert grassland Plant populations and the interspecific relationships under different grazing systems [J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,22(6):976-982.(in Chinese)
[9]董乙强,安沙舟,孙宗玖,等.禁牧对中度退化伊犁绢蒿荒漠植被特征的影响[J].中国草地学报,2016,38(1):93-99.DONG Yi-qiang,AN Sha-zhou,SUN Zong-jiu,et al.(2016).Effects of grazing prohibition on the characteristics of moderately degraded desert vegetation in Yili,Yili [J].Chinese Journal of Grassland,38(1):93-99.(in Chinese)
[10]党荣理,潘晓玲.西北干旱荒漠区种子植物科的区系分析[J].西北植物学报,2002,(1):24-32.DANG Rong-li,PAN Xiao-ling.(2002).Floristic analysis of seed plant famil ies in West-North Desert of China [J].Journal of Northwest Botanical Sciences,(1):24-32.(in Chinese)
[11]杨阳,张峰,乔荠瑢,等.呼伦贝尔草甸草原物种多度分布格局[J].生态学杂志,2018,37(12):3 576-3 583.YANG Yang,ZHANG Feng,QIAO Qi-rong,et al.(2018).Plant species abundance distribution patterns in Hulunbuir meadow steppe [J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,37(12):3,576-3,583.(in Chinese)
[12]叶尔卡提·米塔哈拖拉,胡安别克·迪汗拜,巴雅尔塔.新疆那拉提山地草甸群落植物多样性初探[J].草食家畜,2018(3):40-44.Yerkate Mitahahaul,Huanbike Dihanbai Baryaerta.(2018).Primary Investigation on Plant Diversity in Nalati Sub-alpine Meadow Biocoenosis [J].Grass-Feeding Livestock,(3):40-44.(in Chinese)
[13]唐志尧,方精云.植物物种多样性的垂直分布格局[J].生物多样性,2004,(1):20-28.TANG Zhi-yao,FANG Jing-yun.(2004).Vertical Distribution Pattern of Plant Species Diversity [J].Biodiversity Science,(1):20-28.
[14]柳鑫,杨丰,张明均,等.贵州韭菜坪山区不同海拔草地群落植物多样性和生产力[J].应用与环境生物学报,2018,24(2):207-213.LIU Xin,YANG Feng,ZHANG Ming-jun,et al.(2018).Plant diversity and productivity of grassland communities at different altitudes of Jiucaiping Mountain,Guizhou [J].Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology,24(2):207-213.(in Chinese)
[15]张鲜花,朱进忠,李海琪.天山北坡东段与西段不同海拔鸭茅群落特征及物种多样性研究[J].草地学报,2016,24(4):760-767.ZHANG Xian-hua,ZHU Jin-zhong,LI Hai-qi.(2016).Species Diversity and Characteristics of Dactylis glomerata Community in Different Altitudes on the Eastern and Western Sections of the Northern Slope of Tianshan Mountain [J].Acta Agrestia Sinica,24(4):760-767.(in Chinese)
[16]岳鹏鹏,卢学峰,叶润蓉,等.江河源不同区域紫花针茅草原群落特征[J].植物生态学报,2008,(5):1 116-1 125.YUE Peng-peng,LU Xue-feng,YE Run-rong,et al.(2008).Community Characteristics of Stipa Purpurea Steppe in Source Regions of Changjiang and Huanghe River,China.[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,(5):1,116-1,125.
[17]郝占庆,于德永,吴钢,等.长白山北坡植物群落β多样性分析[J].生态学报,2001,(12):2 018-2 022.HAO Zhan-qing,YU De-yong,WU Gang,et al.(2001).Analysis of β diversity of plant communities on northern slope of Changbai Mountain [J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,(12):2,018-2,022.(in Chinese)
[18]许晴,张放,许中旗,等.Simpson指数和Shannon-Wiener指数若干特征的分析及"稀释效应"[J].草业科学,2011,28(4):527-531.XU Qing,ZHANG Fang,XU Zhong-qi,et al.(2011).Some characteristics of Simpson index and the Shannon-Wiener Index and their dilution effect [J].Pratacultural Science,28(4):527-531.(in Chinese)
[19]王丽,杨涛,杜红霞,等.不同水位梯度下拉鲁湿地典型湿草甸植物群落特征[J].植物资源与环境学报,2018,27(1):11-16.WANG Li,YANG Tao,DU Hong-xia,et al.(2018).Characteristics of typical wet meadow plant communities in different wetland gradients of Lalu wetland [J].Journal of Plant Resources and Environment,27(1):11-16.(in Chinese)
[20]崔海军,王根绪,杨燕,等.高山草地植物群落数量特征沿海拔梯度变化及其影响因素[J].生态学杂志,2015,34(11):3 016-3 023.CUI Hai-jun,WANG Gen-xu,YANG Yan,et al.(2015).The variation of the quantitative characteristics of alpine grassland plant communities along the elevation gradient and its influencing factors[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,34(11):3,016-3,023.(in Chinese)
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