杀螟丹、螺虫乙酯和铜镉二元复合污染的联合毒性
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摘要
针对农业活动中广泛使用的杀螟丹、螺虫乙酯和常见重金属污染物铜、镉,以费氏弧菌为受试生物研究污染物并存状态下的联合毒性。通过研究在不同暴露时间下二元复合污染对费氏弧菌的急性毒性效应,计算半数效应浓度EC_(50),并采用混合毒性指数法评价联合毒性。研究表明,铜、镉、杀螟丹、螺虫乙酯单一暴露于费氏弧菌15 min的EC_(50)分别为0.53、0.74、79.06 mg·L~(-1)和116.67 mg·L~(-1)。杀螟丹和重金属的混合体系对费氏弧菌的联合毒性主要表现为相加作用,当螺虫乙酯在混合体系中占比较低时,也表现为部分相加作用。杀螟丹和螺虫乙酯能够减缓金属离子进入细胞的速率,因此费氏弧菌急性毒性实验研究联合毒性时,暴露时间应延长至45 min以上。
In view of the widespread use of cartap, spirotetramat, and common heavy metal pollutants, such as copper and cadmium in agricultural activities, the joint toxicity of their complexes on Vibrio fischeri was studied. The EC_(50)(median effective concentration)was calculated with the acute toxic effects of binary complex contamination on Vibrio fischeri employing different exposure times. The Mixtures Toxicity Index method was employed to evaluate the joint toxicity. The acute toxicity experiments showed that the EC_(50) of copper, cadmium, cartap, and spirotetramat on Vibrio fischeri at 15 mins was 0.53, 0.74, 79.06 mg·L~(-1), and 116.67 mg·L~(-1), respectively. The joint toxicity of cartap and heavy metals on Vibrio fischeri was mainly additive. When the spirotetramat accounted for a low proportion in the binary mixtures,the joint toxicity was partially additive. The presence of cartap and spirotetramat may slow down the rate of metal ions entering the cell.Therefore, the study of exposure time for joint toxicity on Vibrio fischeri should be extended to 45 mins.
In view of the widespread use of cartap, spirotetramat, and common heavy metal pollutants, such as copper and cadmium in agricultural activities, the joint toxicity of their complexes on Vibrio fischeri was studied. The EC_(50)(median effective concentration)was calculated with the acute toxic effects of binary complex contamination on Vibrio fischeri employing different exposure times. The Mixtures Toxicity Index method was employed to evaluate the joint toxicity. The acute toxicity experiments showed that the EC_(50) of copper, cadmium, cartap, and spirotetramat on Vibrio fischeri at 15 mins was 0.53, 0.74, 79.06 mg·L~(-1), and 116.67 mg·L~(-1), respectively. The joint toxicity of cartap and heavy metals on Vibrio fischeri was mainly additive. When the spirotetramat accounted for a low proportion in the binary mixtures,the joint toxicity was partially additive. The presence of cartap and spirotetramat may slow down the rate of metal ions entering the cell.Therefore, the study of exposure time for joint toxicity on Vibrio fischeri should be extended to 45 mins.
引文
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[21]刘海婷.沙蚕毒素类杀虫剂巴丹对绿猴肾细胞毒性及其作用机制的研究[D].青岛：青岛大学,2007.LIU Hai-ting.Cartap-induced cytotoxity in vero cell line and the investigation of mechanism on the toxic effect[D].Qingdao:Qingdao University,2007.
[22]吴慧明.螺虫乙酯对雄性大鼠毒性及其机制研究[D].杭州：浙江大学,2013.WU Hui-ming.Toxicity and toxic mechanism of spirotetramat in mate rats[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2013.
[23]仇爱锋,王玉涛,张树秋,等.克百威、镉和铜对费氏弧菌的联合毒性效应[J].农业环境科学学报,2017,36(5):869-875.QIU Ai-feng,WANG Yu-tao,ZHANG Shu-qiu,et al.Joint toxic effects of carbofuran,Cd and Cu to Vibrio fischeri[J].Journal of AgroEnvironment Science,2017,36(5):869-875.
[24]Hatano A,Shoji R.A new model for predicting time course toxicity of heavy metals based on Biotic Ligand Model(BLM)[J].Comparative Biochemistry&Physiology Toxicology&Pharmacology Cbp,2010,151(1):25-32.
[25]Zhu X W,Liu S S,Ge H L,et al.Comparison between the short-term and the long-term toxicity of six triazine herbicides on photobacteria Q67[J].Water Research,2009,43(6):1731-1739.
[26]Berg H.Pesticide use in rice and rice-fish farms in the Mekong Delta,Vietnam[J].Crop Protection,2001,20(10):897-905.
[2]张凯,周艳涛,王皙玮,等.铜、镉胁迫对舞毒蛾排毒代谢酶的影20199响[J].北京林业大学学报,2016,38(2):61-67.ZHANG Kai,ZHOU Yan-tao,WANG Xi-wei,et al.Effects of copper and cadmium stress on the activities of detoxifying metabolic enzymes in Lymantria dispar[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2016,38(2):61-67.
[3]Iannone M F,Groppa M D,Benavides M P.Cadmium induces different biochemical responses in wild type and catalase-deficient tobacco plants[J].Environmental and Experimental Botany,2015,109:201-211.
[4]Li S F,Zhang G J,Gao W J,et al.Plant growth,development and change in GSH level in safflower(Carthamus tinctorius L.)exposed to copper and lead[J].Archives of Biological Sciences,2015,67(2):385-396.
[5]赵玲,滕应,骆永明.中国农田土壤农药污染现状和防控对策[J].土壤,2017,49(3):417-427.ZHAO Ling,TENG Ying,LUO Yong-ming.Present pollution status and control strategy of pesticides in agricultural soils in China:A review[J].Soils,2017,49(3):417-427.
[6]Ouyang Y,Montez G H,Liu L,et al.Spirodiclofen and spirotetramat bioassays for monitoring resistance in citrus red mite,Panonychus citri(Acari:Tetranychidae)[J].Pest Management Science,2012,68(5):781-787.
[7]Zhou S L,Dong Q,Li S,et al.Developmental toxicity of cartap on zebrafish embryos[J].Aquatic Toxicology,2009,95(4):339-346.
[8]周胜利.沙蚕毒素类杀虫剂对斑马鱼的发育和生殖毒性[D].杭州：浙江大学,2010.ZHOU Sheng-li.Developmental and reproductive toxicity of nereistoxins on zebrafish[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2010.
[9]Agbohessi P T,Imorou T I,Houndji A,et al.Acute toxicity of agricultural pesticides to embryo-larval and juvenile African catfish Clarias gariepinus[J].Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,2013,64(4):692-700.
[10]Yin X,Zhu G,Li X B,et al.Genotoxicity evaluation of chlorpyrifos to amphibian Chinese toad(Amphibian:Anura)by Comet assay and Micronucleus test[J].Mutation Research/genetic Toxicology&Environmental Mutagenesis,2009,680(1/2):2-6.
[11]陈颖,陶芳怡,刘训悦,等.螺虫乙酯对大型溞的急性和慢性毒性效应[J].农药学学报,2018,20(1):118-123.CHEN Ying,TAO Fang-yi,LIU Xun-yue,et al.Acute and chronic toxicities of spirotetramat to Daphnia magna[J].Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science,2018,20(1):118-123.
[12]Chen X D,Stark J D.Individual-and population-level toxicity of the insecticide,spirotetramat and the agricultural adjuvant,destiny to the cladoceran,Ceriodaphnia dubia[J].Ecotoxicology,2010,19(6):1124-1129.
[13]Zhou C F,Wang Y J,Yu Y C,et al.Cu and glyphosate toxicity to earthworm(Eisenia fetida)[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2012,20(8):1077-1082.
[14]蒋新宇.镉、毒死蜱复合污染对土壤酶活性和青菜生长的影响[D].南京：南京农业大学,2009.JIANG Xin-yu.Effects of cadmium and chlorpyrifos combined pollution on soil enzymatic activities and physiological and biochemical characteristics of pakchoi(Brassica chinensis L.)[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University,2009.
[15]潘寻,韩哲,贲伟伟.山东省规模化猪场猪粪及配合饲料中重金属含量研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2013,32(1):160-165.PAN Xun,HAN Zhe,BEN Wei-wei.Heavy metal contents in pig manure and pig feeds from intensive pig farms in Shandong Province,China[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2013,32(1):160-165.
[16]K?nemann H.Quantitative structure-activity relationships in fish toxicity studies Part 1:Relationship for 50 industrial pollutants[J].Toxicology,1981,19(3):209-221.
[17]潘科,朱艾嘉,徐志斌,等.中国近海和河口环境铜污染的状况[J].生态毒理学报,2014,9(4):618-631.PAN Ke,ZHU Ai-jia,XüZhi-bin,et al.Copper contamination in coastal and estuarine waters of China[J].Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology,2014,9(4):618-631.
[18]Tong F,Zhao Y,Gu X,et al.Joint toxicity of tetracycline with copper（Ⅱ）and cadmium（Ⅱ）to Vibrio fischeri:Effect of complexation reaction[J].Ecotoxicology,2015,24(2):346-355.
[19]Mansour S A,Abdel H A A,Ibrahim A W,et al.Toxicity of some pesticides,heavy metals and their mixtures to Vibrio fischeri bacteria and Daphnia magna:Comparative study[J].Journal of Biology and Life Science,2015,6(2):221-240.
[20]Vivek C H,Veeraiah K,Padmavathi P,et al.Acute toxicity and residue analysis of cartap hydrochloride pesticide:Toxicological implications on the fingerlings of fresh water fish Labeo rohita[J].Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology,2016,7:193-201.
[21]刘海婷.沙蚕毒素类杀虫剂巴丹对绿猴肾细胞毒性及其作用机制的研究[D].青岛：青岛大学,2007.LIU Hai-ting.Cartap-induced cytotoxity in vero cell line and the investigation of mechanism on the toxic effect[D].Qingdao:Qingdao University,2007.
[22]吴慧明.螺虫乙酯对雄性大鼠毒性及其机制研究[D].杭州：浙江大学,2013.WU Hui-ming.Toxicity and toxic mechanism of spirotetramat in mate rats[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2013.
[23]仇爱锋,王玉涛,张树秋,等.克百威、镉和铜对费氏弧菌的联合毒性效应[J].农业环境科学学报,2017,36(5):869-875.QIU Ai-feng,WANG Yu-tao,ZHANG Shu-qiu,et al.Joint toxic effects of carbofuran,Cd and Cu to Vibrio fischeri[J].Journal of AgroEnvironment Science,2017,36(5):869-875.
[24]Hatano A,Shoji R.A new model for predicting time course toxicity of heavy metals based on Biotic Ligand Model(BLM)[J].Comparative Biochemistry&Physiology Toxicology&Pharmacology Cbp,2010,151(1):25-32.
[25]Zhu X W,Liu S S,Ge H L,et al.Comparison between the short-term and the long-term toxicity of six triazine herbicides on photobacteria Q67[J].Water Research,2009,43(6):1731-1739.
[26]Berg H.Pesticide use in rice and rice-fish farms in the Mekong Delta,Vietnam[J].Crop Protection,2001,20(10):897-905.