SAP、PAM不同施用方式对干旱沙区土壤养分、紫花苜蓿品质及产量的影响
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摘要
干旱沙区土壤有机质少,土壤持水能力、保肥能力差,不利于作物生长发育。而保水剂(SAP)、聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)等保水剂具有良好的保水、保肥特性,并能够改良土壤结构、降低土壤容重、提高作物产量等。通过采用SAP、PAM等保水剂进行不同施用方式下紫花苜蓿种植试验研究,探求促进沙区紫花苜蓿高产、高品质的新方案。结果表明:SAP、PAM单施及复配施用改善了土壤养分状况,促进了紫花苜蓿品质的提高、产量的增加以及水分生产率的提高。对于改善土壤养分状况以及促进紫花苜蓿增产提质而言,若采用单施,45 kg/hm~2 SAP效果较佳;若采用复配,45 kg/hm~2的SAP复配30 kg/hm~2的PAM效果较佳。
The soil in the arid sand area is less organic, and the soil water holding capacity and fertilizer retention capacity are poor, which is not conducive to crop growth and development. The water-retaining agents such as SAP and PAM have good water retention and fertilizer retention characteristics, and can improve soil structure, reduce soil bulk density, and increase crop yield. Through the use of water-retaining agents such as SAP and PAM, the alfalfa planting experiment under different application methods is carried out to explore a new scheme for promoting high yield and high quality of alfalfa in sandy areas. The results show that SAP and PAM single application and compound application improve soil nutrient status, promoted the quality of alfalfa, increased yield and increased water productivity. For improving soil nutrient status and promoting alfalfa yield increase and quality, 45 kg/hm~2 SAP is the better if single application is applied. If compounding is used, 45 kg/hm~2 SAP compounding 30 kg/hm~2 PAM is the better.
The soil in the arid sand area is less organic, and the soil water holding capacity and fertilizer retention capacity are poor, which is not conducive to crop growth and development. The water-retaining agents such as SAP and PAM have good water retention and fertilizer retention characteristics, and can improve soil structure, reduce soil bulk density, and increase crop yield. Through the use of water-retaining agents such as SAP and PAM, the alfalfa planting experiment under different application methods is carried out to explore a new scheme for promoting high yield and high quality of alfalfa in sandy areas. The results show that SAP and PAM single application and compound application improve soil nutrient status, promoted the quality of alfalfa, increased yield and increased water productivity. For improving soil nutrient status and promoting alfalfa yield increase and quality, 45 kg/hm~2 SAP is the better if single application is applied. If compounding is used, 45 kg/hm~2 SAP compounding 30 kg/hm~2 PAM is the better.
引文
[1] 孙启忠,王宗礼,徐丽君. 旱区苜蓿[M]. 北京:科学出版社,2014:150-160.
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[5] 徐冰,于健,李泽坤,等. 化控复配对盐碱地向日葵生长影响的初步研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2017,(5):1-4.
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[7] 田德龙,李熙婷,郭克贞,等. 河套灌区地下滴灌对紫花苜蓿生长特性的影响[J]. 节水灌溉,2015,(5):16-19.
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[10] 肖伯萍,谢丁兴,李鑫. 保水剂对干旱牧区苜蓿生长的影响[J]. 节水灌溉,2012,(1):25-27.
[11] 郭建斌,周洁,蒋坤云,等. Arkadolith土壤改良剂对内蒙沙区常见牧草生长状况的影响[J].生态环境学报,2010,9(19):2 085-2 090.
[12] 冒建华,雷廷武,周清. 聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)提高苜蓿出苗率的研究[J].北京水利,2005,(2):24-31.
[13] 田德龙, 李泽坤, 徐冰,等. SAP、PAM复配对干旱沙化牧区紫花苜蓿生长影响的研究[J]. 节水灌溉, 2018,(6):12-15.
[14] 于健,史吉刚,宋日权,等. 土壤环境化学调控技术研究与应用[M].北京:科学出版,2014:80-97.
[15] 员学锋,汪有科,吴普特,等. PAM对土壤物理性状影响的试验研究及机理分析[J].水土保持学报,2005,9(2):37-40.
[16] 刘群,王忆,张新忠,等. PAM保水剂及纳米蒙脱土对果园生草地上部生物量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2012,6(30):168-173.
[2] 于健,雷廷武,ISAAC SHAINBERG,等. PAM特性对砂壤土入渗及土壤侵蚀的影响[J]. 土壤学报,2011,48(1):21-26.
[3] 黄占斌,张玲春,董莉,等. 不同类型保水剂性能及其对玉米生长效应的比较[J].水土保持学报,2007,2(1):140-143.
[4] 岑睿,于健,宋日权,等. 保水剂对半干旱区砂壤土水分运动的影响试验研究[J]. 干旱区资源与环境,2016,30(2):122-127.
[5] 徐冰,于健,李泽坤,等. 化控复配对盐碱地向日葵生长影响的初步研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2017,(5):1-4.
[6] 杜社妮,白岗栓,于健,等. 保水剂施用方式对土壤水分及向日葵生长的影响[J]. 水土保持学报,2011,25(4):139-143.
[7] 田德龙,李熙婷,郭克贞,等. 河套灌区地下滴灌对紫花苜蓿生长特性的影响[J]. 节水灌溉,2015,(5):16-19.
[8] 寇丹, 苏德荣, 吴迪,等. 地下调亏滴灌对紫花苜蓿耗水、产量和品质的影响[J]. 农业工程学报, 2014,30(2):116-123.
[9] 韩广津. 多功能能保水剂对苜蓿产量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(18):210-212.
[10] 肖伯萍,谢丁兴,李鑫. 保水剂对干旱牧区苜蓿生长的影响[J]. 节水灌溉,2012,(1):25-27.
[11] 郭建斌,周洁,蒋坤云,等. Arkadolith土壤改良剂对内蒙沙区常见牧草生长状况的影响[J].生态环境学报,2010,9(19):2 085-2 090.
[12] 冒建华,雷廷武,周清. 聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)提高苜蓿出苗率的研究[J].北京水利,2005,(2):24-31.
[13] 田德龙, 李泽坤, 徐冰,等. SAP、PAM复配对干旱沙化牧区紫花苜蓿生长影响的研究[J]. 节水灌溉, 2018,(6):12-15.
[14] 于健,史吉刚,宋日权,等. 土壤环境化学调控技术研究与应用[M].北京:科学出版,2014:80-97.
[15] 员学锋,汪有科,吴普特,等. PAM对土壤物理性状影响的试验研究及机理分析[J].水土保持学报,2005,9(2):37-40.
[16] 刘群,王忆,张新忠,等. PAM保水剂及纳米蒙脱土对果园生草地上部生物量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2012,6(30):168-173.