哀牢山国家级自然保护区蝴蝶区系及多样性
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摘要
明确云南省哀牢山国家级自然保护区蝴蝶资源及区系组成,以期为蝴蝶多样性保护提供策略。采用样线观测法,于2016年4月—2017年10月对保护区5个不同生境的蝴蝶资源进行了12次观测。结果表明:共观测记录5967只蝴蝶,采集鉴定为133种,隶属于新分类系统5科75属。蛱蝶科个体数量及属种数最多,其次为粉蝶科和灰蝶科。5个不同生境中缓冲区张家寨蝶类属种数最多。多样性分析结果也表明:蛱蝶科及张家寨具有最丰富的属种多样性及物种丰富度。不同生境的蝴蝶群落相似性较低。哀牢山蝴蝶区系以东洋界种类为主。87%的蝴蝶种类及73%的蝴蝶数量分布于海拔1100 m以下的缓冲区张家寨及保护区外围嘎洒镇新街,暗示了哀牢山蝴蝶具有明显的垂直分布特征。不同生境蝴蝶多样性存在明显差异,为大尺度下蝴蝶多样性观测奠定了基础。
The paper aims to define the resources and faunal composition of butterfly and provide conservation strategy for the diversity protection in Ailaoshan national nature reserve. By the line transect method, we carried out 12 elementary resource surveys in 5 different habitats of the reserve from April 2016 to October2017. The results showed that: 5967 butterflies were observed, collected and classified into 133 species which belonged to 75 genera in 5 families; Nymphalidae was the largest family, followed by Pieridae and Lycaenidae;Zhangjiazhai had the laregest amount of genus and species of butterflies among the 5 different habitates; the diversity results also showed that: Nymphalidae and bufferzone Zhangjiazhai(A2) had higher species diversity,genus diversity, species richness; the similarity of butterflies among the 5 different habitats of Ailaoshan was low; faunal composition of butterfly in Ailaoshan was mainly composed of oriential species with 101 species which occupied 75.94%. 87% species and 73% individuals of butterfly distributing below altitude 1100 m also indicated evident vertical distribution of butterflies in Ailaoshan. There are obvious differences in butterfly diversity in different habitats, and the study lays a foundation for the observation of butterfly diversity at large scale.
The paper aims to define the resources and faunal composition of butterfly and provide conservation strategy for the diversity protection in Ailaoshan national nature reserve. By the line transect method, we carried out 12 elementary resource surveys in 5 different habitats of the reserve from April 2016 to October2017. The results showed that: 5967 butterflies were observed, collected and classified into 133 species which belonged to 75 genera in 5 families; Nymphalidae was the largest family, followed by Pieridae and Lycaenidae;Zhangjiazhai had the laregest amount of genus and species of butterflies among the 5 different habitates; the diversity results also showed that: Nymphalidae and bufferzone Zhangjiazhai(A2) had higher species diversity,genus diversity, species richness; the similarity of butterflies among the 5 different habitats of Ailaoshan was low; faunal composition of butterfly in Ailaoshan was mainly composed of oriential species with 101 species which occupied 75.94%. 87% species and 73% individuals of butterfly distributing below altitude 1100 m also indicated evident vertical distribution of butterflies in Ailaoshan. There are obvious differences in butterfly diversity in different habitats, and the study lays a foundation for the observation of butterfly diversity at large scale.
引文
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[19]王珂珩,易传辉,和秋菊,等.贵州清水河自然保护区蝴蝶种类与区系研究[J].西南农业学报,2016,29(5):1229-1234.
[20]顾伟,马玲,刘哲强,等.小兴安岭凉水自然保护区蝶类多样性[J].生态学报,2015,35(22):7387-7396.
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[22]高可,房丽君,尚素琴,等.陕西太白山南坡蝶类的多样性及区系特征[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(6):1559-1564.
[23]李刚,阎雄飞,刘永华,等.毛乌素沙地东南缘蝶类资源调查及区系研究[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(19):102-109.
[24]郭成,袁树先,白桂芬,等.黑里河国家级自然保护区蝶类资源调查及区系研究[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(22):13263-13265.
[25]倪永清,李晓明,谢宗平.祁连山北坡及河西走廊蝶类区系研究[J].兰州大学学报:自然科学版,2004,40(4):76-80.
[26]李爱民,邓合黎,左燕.青海省东北边缘地区蝴蝶多样性[J].西南师范大学学报:自然科学版,2015,40(3):104-111.
[27]张鑫,胡红英,吕昭智.新疆东部天山蝶类多样性及其垂直分布[J].生态学报,2013,33(17):5329-5338.
[28]哀牢山自然保护区综合考察团.哀牢山自然保护区综合考察报告集[M].昆明:云南民族出版社,1988.
[29]周尧.中国蝴蝶分类与鉴定[M].郑州:河南科学技术出版社,1998.
[30] Kawahara A Y, Breinholt J W. Phylogenomics provides strongevidence for relationships of butterflies and moths[J].Proceedings.Biological Sciences/The Royal Society,2014,281(1788):20140970.
[31] Heikkil?M, Kaila L, Mutanen M, et al. Cretaceous origin andrepeated tertiary diversification of the redefined butterflies[J].Proceedings. Biological Sciences/The Royal Society,2012,279(1731):1093-1099.
[32]马克平,刘玉明.生物群落多样性的测度方法Ⅰα多样性的测度方法(下)[J].生物多样性,1994,2(4):231-239.
[33]查玉平,骆启桂,王国秀,等.后河国家级自然保护区蝴蝶群落多样性研究[J].应用生态学报,2006,17(2):265-268.
[34]胡冰冰,李后魂,梁之聘,等.八仙山自然保护区蝴蝶群落多样性及区系组成[J].生态学报,2010,30(12):3226-3238.
[35] Jaccard P. Contribution au probleme de l’immigration post-glaciaire de la flora alpine[J].Bulletin De La Societe Vaudoise DesSciences Naturelles,1900,36:87-130.
[36]阳含熙,卢泽愚.植物生态学的数量分类方法[M].北京:科学出版社,1981.
[37]张荣祖.中国动物地理学[M].北京:科学出版社,1999.
[38]张淑萍,张正旺,徐基良,等.天津地区水鸟区系组成及多样性分析[J].生物多样性,2002,10(3):280-285.
[39]张正全.哀牢山自然保护区生物多样性现状及保护管理对策[J].林业调查规划,2007,32(3):68-70,75.
[40]章士美.昆虫的分布区系[J].江西农业大学学报,1984(1):11-17,94-95.
[2]周尧.中国蝶类志[M].郑州:河南科学技术出版社,1994.
[3] Maes D, Dyck H V. Butterfly diversity loss in Flanders(northBelgium):Europe’ s worst case scenario?[J].BiologicalConservation,2001,99(3):263-276.
[4] Forister M L, McCall A C, Sanders N J, et al. Compounded effectsof climate change and habitat alteration shift patterns of butterflydiversity[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,2010,107(5):2088-2092.
[5] Kerr J T. Butterfly Species Richness Patterns in Canada:Energy,Heterogeneity, and the Potential Consequences of Climate Change[J].Conservation Ecology,2001,5(1):10.
[6] Heikkinen R K, Luoto M, Leikola N, et al. Assessing the vulnerabilityof European butterflies to climate change using multiple criteria[J].Biodiversity and Conservation,2010,19(3)695-723.
[7] Emmanuelle P, Sofie V, Julie C, et al. Tracking the effects of onecentury of habitat lossand fragmentation on calcareous grasslandbutterfly communities[J].Biodiversity and Conservation,2007,16(12):3423-3436.
[8] Kitahara M, Sei K. A comparison of the diversity and structure ofbutterfly communities in semi-natural and human-modifiedgrassland habitats at the foot of Mt. Fuji, central Japan[J].Biodiversity and Conservation,2001,10(3):331-351.
[9]张佑祥,阎中军,刘志霄.湖南小溪国家级自然保护区蝶类资源及其区系特征[J].西南大学学报:自然科学版,2011,33(8):74-79.
[10]王敏,黄国华,范骁凌,等.石门台自然保护区蝴蝶物种多样性研究[J].生物多样性,2003,11(6):441-453.
[11]周光益,顾茂彬,龚粤宁,等.南岭国家级自然保护区蝴蝶多样性与区系研究[J].环境昆虫学报,2016,38(5):971-978.
[12]诸立新,吴孝兵,欧永跃.天目山北坡蝶类资源和区系[J].安徽师范大学学报:自然科学版,2006,29(3):266-271.
[13]刘立伟,潘成椿,刘菊莲,等.九龙山国家级自然保护区蝶类资源与区系[J].生态学杂志,2015,34(12):3438-3442.
[14]王松,鲍方印,梅百茂,等.安徽鹞落坪国家级自然保护区蝶类的垂直分布及其群落多样性[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(9):2262-2270.
[15]张佑祥,刘志霄,于桂清.湖南壶瓶山国家级自然保护区蝶类区系组成及垂直分布的初步研究[J].四川动物,2007,26(4):892-897.
[16]李密,周红春,谭济才,等.湖南乌云界蝴蝶物种多样性及区系特点研究[J].四川动物,2011,30(6):897-902,915.
[17]毛本勇,杨自忠,白雪梅,等.苍山洱海国家级自然保护区蝴蝶及其分布格局[J].大理学院学报,2009,8(8):49-58.
[18]徐中志,和加卫,杨少华,等.云南玉龙雪山自然保护区蝴蝶区系结构及垂直分布[J].西南农业学报,2009,22(3):847-856.
[19]王珂珩,易传辉,和秋菊,等.贵州清水河自然保护区蝴蝶种类与区系研究[J].西南农业学报,2016,29(5):1229-1234.
[20]顾伟,马玲,刘哲强,等.小兴安岭凉水自然保护区蝶类多样性[J].生态学报,2015,35(22):7387-7396.
[21]苑彩霞,刘长海,徐世才,等.陕西省平河梁自然保护区蝶类资源调查及区系研究[J].安徽农业科学,2012,40(8):4478-4481.
[22]高可,房丽君,尚素琴,等.陕西太白山南坡蝶类的多样性及区系特征[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(6):1559-1564.
[23]李刚,阎雄飞,刘永华,等.毛乌素沙地东南缘蝶类资源调查及区系研究[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(19):102-109.
[24]郭成,袁树先,白桂芬,等.黑里河国家级自然保护区蝶类资源调查及区系研究[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(22):13263-13265.
[25]倪永清,李晓明,谢宗平.祁连山北坡及河西走廊蝶类区系研究[J].兰州大学学报:自然科学版,2004,40(4):76-80.
[26]李爱民,邓合黎,左燕.青海省东北边缘地区蝴蝶多样性[J].西南师范大学学报:自然科学版,2015,40(3):104-111.
[27]张鑫,胡红英,吕昭智.新疆东部天山蝶类多样性及其垂直分布[J].生态学报,2013,33(17):5329-5338.
[28]哀牢山自然保护区综合考察团.哀牢山自然保护区综合考察报告集[M].昆明:云南民族出版社,1988.
[29]周尧.中国蝴蝶分类与鉴定[M].郑州:河南科学技术出版社,1998.
[30] Kawahara A Y, Breinholt J W. Phylogenomics provides strongevidence for relationships of butterflies and moths[J].Proceedings.Biological Sciences/The Royal Society,2014,281(1788):20140970.
[31] Heikkil?M, Kaila L, Mutanen M, et al. Cretaceous origin andrepeated tertiary diversification of the redefined butterflies[J].Proceedings. Biological Sciences/The Royal Society,2012,279(1731):1093-1099.
[32]马克平,刘玉明.生物群落多样性的测度方法Ⅰα多样性的测度方法(下)[J].生物多样性,1994,2(4):231-239.
[33]查玉平,骆启桂,王国秀,等.后河国家级自然保护区蝴蝶群落多样性研究[J].应用生态学报,2006,17(2):265-268.
[34]胡冰冰,李后魂,梁之聘,等.八仙山自然保护区蝴蝶群落多样性及区系组成[J].生态学报,2010,30(12):3226-3238.
[35] Jaccard P. Contribution au probleme de l’immigration post-glaciaire de la flora alpine[J].Bulletin De La Societe Vaudoise DesSciences Naturelles,1900,36:87-130.
[36]阳含熙,卢泽愚.植物生态学的数量分类方法[M].北京:科学出版社,1981.
[37]张荣祖.中国动物地理学[M].北京:科学出版社,1999.
[38]张淑萍,张正旺,徐基良,等.天津地区水鸟区系组成及多样性分析[J].生物多样性,2002,10(3):280-285.
[39]张正全.哀牢山自然保护区生物多样性现状及保护管理对策[J].林业调查规划,2007,32(3):68-70,75.
[40]章士美.昆虫的分布区系[J].江西农业大学学报,1984(1):11-17,94-95.