矿区原始地形对采煤沉陷区地形特征的影响分析
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摘要
采煤塌陷地预测对于矿区土地复垦具有重要意义,是矿区损毁土地复垦工作的基础,对于确保土地复垦方案科学性、准确性及合理性起决定性作用。采煤塌陷地预测一般仅考虑开采计划和地质特点,未考虑矿区原始地形的影响,预测结果往往无法准确反映矿区地表沉陷情况。以我国东部某煤矿为研究对象,通过对矿区原始地形、采煤沉陷区DEM进行融合,获得考虑原始地形的采煤沉陷区,通过计算并提取坡度、地表起伏度、积水面积地形因子,分析矿区原始地形对采煤沉陷区地形特征的影响。研究表明:考虑矿区原始地形后的采煤沉陷区地形特征发生了明显变化,沉陷区地形坡度、地表起伏度明显增大,积水面积明显减少,采煤沉陷区损毁土地地形特征更加准确、真实。分析结果可为矿区开采沉陷预测和损毁土地复垦治理提供可靠依据。
The prediction of coal mining subsidence area is of great significance for land reclamation,and it is the basis of land reclamation work in mining area,and plays a decisive role in the scientific,accuracy and rationality of land reclamation scheme.The prediction of coal mining subsidence area generally only considers the mining plan and geological characteristics,and does not consider the influence of the original topography of the mining area,so the prediction results often cannot accurately express the surface subsidence of the mining area.Taking a certain coal mine in Eastern China as the study object,the coal mining subsidence area considering the original topography is obtained by fusing the original terrain of the mining area with the DEM of the coal mining subsidence area.The terrain factor of slope,surface undulation and water accumulation area are calculated and extracted to analyze the influence of the original topography on the topographic characteristics of coal mining subsidence area.The study results show that the topographical features of the coal mining subsidence area have changed significantly after considering the original topography of the mining area,the terrain slope and surface undulation of the subsidence area are obviously increased,and the water accumulative area is obviously reduced.By considering the original topography of the mining area,the topographical features of the damaged land in the coal mining subsidence area are more accurate and true.The study provides a reliable reference for improving the land destruction prediction in coal mines of China.
The prediction of coal mining subsidence area is of great significance for land reclamation,and it is the basis of land reclamation work in mining area,and plays a decisive role in the scientific,accuracy and rationality of land reclamation scheme.The prediction of coal mining subsidence area generally only considers the mining plan and geological characteristics,and does not consider the influence of the original topography of the mining area,so the prediction results often cannot accurately express the surface subsidence of the mining area.Taking a certain coal mine in Eastern China as the study object,the coal mining subsidence area considering the original topography is obtained by fusing the original terrain of the mining area with the DEM of the coal mining subsidence area.The terrain factor of slope,surface undulation and water accumulation area are calculated and extracted to analyze the influence of the original topography on the topographic characteristics of coal mining subsidence area.The study results show that the topographical features of the coal mining subsidence area have changed significantly after considering the original topography of the mining area,the terrain slope and surface undulation of the subsidence area are obviously increased,and the water accumulative area is obviously reduced.By considering the original topography of the mining area,the topographical features of the damaged land in the coal mining subsidence area are more accurate and true.The study provides a reliable reference for improving the land destruction prediction in coal mines of China.
引文
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[21]毕晓玲，李小娟，胡卓玮，等.DEM网格尺寸对地形因子精度的影响分析[J].测绘科学，2012,37(6):150-152.Bi Xiaoling,Li Xiaojuan,Hu Zhuowei,et al.Analysis on the influence of DEM grid size on the accuracy of topographical factors[J].Science of Surveying and Mapping,2012,37(6):150-152.
[22]杨颖楠，李子夫，刘梦云，等.基于不同分辨率DEM的永寿县地形信息差异分析[J].水土保持研究，2018,25(6):131-136.Yang Yinnan,Li Zifu,Liu Mengyun,et al.Analysis of topographic differences of Yongshou County based on different resolutions of DEM[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2018,25(6):131-136.
[2]胡振琪，肖武，王培俊，等.试论井工煤矿边开采边复垦技术[J].煤炭学报，2013,38(2):301-307.Hu Zhenqi,Xiao Wu,Wang Peijun,et al.Concurrent mining and reclamation for underground coal mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(2):301-307.
[3]叶珊珊，张进德，潘莉，等.基于“绿色矿山”的矿区生态环境成本核算——以华北平原某矿区为例[J].金属矿山，2019(4):168-174.Ye Shanshan,Zhang Jinde,Pan Li,et al.Ecological environmental cost accounting of mining area based on the green mine:a case from a mining area in the North China Plain[J].Metal Mine,2019(4):168-174.
[4]徐岩，胡振琪，陈景平，等.基于无人机遥感的开采沉陷耕地质量评价及复垦建议[J].金属矿山，2019(3):173-181.Xu Yan,Hu Zhenqi,Chen Jingping,et al.Quality evaluation of farmland and land reclamation suggestions of mining subsidence area based on unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing[J].Metal Mine,2019(3):173-181.
[5]胡振琪.中国土地复垦与生态重建20年：回顾与展望[J].科技导报，2009,27(17):25-29.Hu Zhenqi.Review and prospect of land reclamation and ecological restoration in China[J].Science&Technology Review,2009,27(17):25-29.
[6]胡振琪.我国土地复垦与生态修复30年：回顾、反思与展望[J].煤炭科学技术，2019,47(1):25-35.Hu Zhenqi.The 30 years'land reclamation and ecological restoration in China:review,rethinking and prospect[J].Coal Science and Technology,2019,47(1):25-35.
[7]肖武，胡振琪，张建勇，等.无人机遥感在矿区监测与土地复垦中的应用前景[J].中国矿业，2017,26(6):71-78.Xiao Wu,Hu Zhenqi,Zhang Jianyong,et al.The status and prospect of UAV remote sensing in mine monitoring and land reclamation[J].China Mining Magazine,2017,26(6):71-78.
[8]中国煤炭学会.2016—2017煤矿区土地复垦与生态修复学科发展报告[M].北京：中国科学技术出版社，2018.China Coal Society.Development Report of Land Reclamation and Ecological Restoration in Coal Mine Area from 2016 to 2017[M].Beijing:China Science and Technology Press,2018.
[9]周妍，罗明，周旭，等.工矿废弃地复垦土地跟踪监测方案制定方法与实证研究[J].农业工程学报，2017,33(12):240-248.Zhou Yan,Luo Ming,Zhou Xu,et al.Making method of tracking monitoring scheme for abandoned industrial and mining land reclamation and its empirical research[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2017,33(12):240-248.
[10]张合兵，王世东，李春意.煤矿区土地复垦中土地损毁预测方法研究[J].金属矿山，2013(9):142-147.Zhang Hebing,Wang Shidong,Li Chunyi.Research on land destruction prediction methods of land reclamation in coal mining area[J].Metal Mine,2013(9):142-147.
[11]魏宗海，熊伟.概率积分法开采沉陷预测的数值计算与分析[J].测绘工程，2019,28(3):35-40.Wei Zonghai,Xiong Wei.Numerical calculation and analysis of mining subsidence prediction based on probability integral method[J].Engineering of Surverying and Mapping,2019,28(3):35-40.
[12]石秀伟，李晶，赵换新，等.基于ArcGIS的煤矿开采沉陷预测与可视化分析[J].金属矿山，2012(9):103-106.Shi Xiuwei,Li Jing,Zhao Huanxin,et al.The prediction and visualization of coal mining subsidence based on ArcGIS[J].Metal Mine,2012(9):103-106.
[13]蒋创，王磊，魏涛，等.基于模矢法的顾桥矿采空区参数识别[J].金属矿山，2018(8):123-126.Jiang Chuang,Wang Lei,Wei Tao,et al.Identification method of the goaf's parameters in Guqiao Mine based on pattern search method[J].Metal Mine,2018(8):123-126.
[14]魏涛，王磊，李楠，等.基于量子遗传算法的概率积分参数反演[J].金属矿山，2018(8):118-122.Wei Tao,Wang Lei,Li Nan,et al.Inverse method of the parameters of probability integral method based on quantum genetic algorithm[J].Metal Mine,2018(8):118-122.
[15]王涛，肖武，王铮，等.煤矿开采对景观格局的影响及生态风险分析[J].中国矿业，2016,25(12):71-75.Wang Tao,Xiao Wu,Wang Zheng,et al.Analysis of the influence of coal mining on landscape pattern and ecological risk[J].China Mining Magazine,2016,25(12):71-75.
[16]程琳琳，赵云肖，陈良.高潜水位采煤沉陷区土地损毁程度评价[J].农业工程学报，2017,33(21):253-258.Cheng Linlin,Zhao Yunxiao,Chen Liang.Evaluation of land damage degree of mining subsidence area with high groundwater level[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agriculture Engineering,2017,33(21):253-258.
[17]宋可实.采煤塌陷区土地复垦适宜性评价研究[D].重庆：重庆大学，2014.Song Keshi.Suitability Evaluation for Land Reclamation in Coal Mining Subsidence Area[D].Chongqing:Chongqing University,2014.
[18]李晶，刘喜韬，胡振琪，等.高潜水位平原采煤沉陷区耕地损毁程度评价[J].农业工程学报，2014,30(10):209-216.Li Jing,Liu Xitao,Hu Zhenqi,et al.Evaluation on farmland damage by underground coal-mining in plain area with high ground-water level[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2014,30(10):209-216.
[19]付艳华，胡振琪，肖武，等.高潜水位煤矿区采煤沉陷湿地及其生态治理[J].湿地科学，2016(5):671-676.Fu Yanhua,Hu Zhenqi,Xiao Wu,et al.Subsidence wetlands in coal mining areas with high water level and their ecological restoration[J].Wetland Science,2016(5):671-676.
[20]陈永春，袁亮，徐翀.淮南矿区利用采煤塌陷区建设平原水库研究[J].煤炭学报，2016,41(11):2830-2835.Chen Yongchun,Yuan Liang,Xu Chong.Investigation on using mining subsidence area to build a reservoir in Huainan coal mining area[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(11):2830-2835.
[21]毕晓玲，李小娟，胡卓玮，等.DEM网格尺寸对地形因子精度的影响分析[J].测绘科学，2012,37(6):150-152.Bi Xiaoling,Li Xiaojuan,Hu Zhuowei,et al.Analysis on the influence of DEM grid size on the accuracy of topographical factors[J].Science of Surveying and Mapping,2012,37(6):150-152.
[22]杨颖楠，李子夫，刘梦云，等.基于不同分辨率DEM的永寿县地形信息差异分析[J].水土保持研究，2018,25(6):131-136.Yang Yinnan,Li Zifu,Liu Mengyun,et al.Analysis of topographic differences of Yongshou County based on different resolutions of DEM[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2018,25(6):131-136.