城邦的正义与秩序——《理想国》427c-444a义疏
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摘要
在《理想国》第四卷,柏拉图的苏格拉底引导格劳孔和阿德曼图斯建立了属己的城邦,以求在其中寻找城邦的正义。通过梳理苏格拉底对城邦创建目的和四枢德的探讨,本文提出,城邦遵循正义原则是为了城邦和个人的福祉,城邦正义的关键在城邦秩序,城邦秩序的实现在于城邦中的各个阶层保持节制。因而,苏格拉底暗含的正义教诲是,没有因正义本身而为的正义,当城邦智慧、勇敢、有序而统一,也无须寻求额外的正义。
In Book IV of Republic,Socrates guides Glaucon and Adeimantus to create their own polis,with the purpose to find justice in it. Looking into Socrates' discussion about the ends of a polis and its four cardinal virtues,this article advocates that a polis follows justice in the aim of well-being of the polis and its citizens,that the core of justice is order,and that in order to realige order each class of the polis should keep moderation. Thus,the implied teachings of Socrates include that there is no justice for the sake of justice itself,and that when the polis is in order and united there is no need to look for additional justice.
In Book IV of Republic,Socrates guides Glaucon and Adeimantus to create their own polis,with the purpose to find justice in it. Looking into Socrates' discussion about the ends of a polis and its four cardinal virtues,this article advocates that a polis follows justice in the aim of well-being of the polis and its citizens,that the core of justice is order,and that in order to realige order each class of the polis should keep moderation. Thus,the implied teachings of Socrates include that there is no justice for the sake of justice itself,and that when the polis is in order and united there is no need to look for additional justice.
引文
Plato.2016.The Republic of Plato[M].translated and with an interpretive Essay(3 edition)by Allan Boom.New York:Basic Books.
Pradeau,Jean-Francois.2002.Plato and the City:A New Introduction to Plato’s Political Thought[M].Janet Lloyd(trans).University of Exeter Press,Devon.
Rosen,Stanley.2005.Plato’s Republic:A Study[M].Yale University Press.
Strauss,Leo.1964.The City and Man[M].The University of Chicago Press.本文所引该文献均参照陈克艰网络译稿(陈克艰:施特劳斯论柏拉图的理想国(一)到(六),http:∥blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_7e471f2e0102uwpr.html),根据英文原文略有改动。
柏拉图.2012.理想国[M].王扬,译注.北京:华夏出版社.(根据希腊原文和英译本略有改动)
布鲁姆.2009.人应该如何生活:布鲁姆《王制》释义[M].刘晨光,译.北京:华夏出版社.
程志敏.2015.古典正义论[M].上海:华东师范大学出版社.
刘飞.2014.柏拉图《理想国》中城邦正义与个人正义的一致性[J].哲学动态(6):69-76.
刘玉鹏.2017.自我控制与服从统治---论柏拉图《理想国》中的节制[J].思想战线(6):146-153.
罗念生,水建馥.2004.古希腊语汉语词典[M].北京:商务印书馆.
施特劳斯.2012.论柏拉图的《会饮》[M].邱立波,译.北京:华夏出版社.
(1)关于《克勒托丰》与《理想国》之间关系的讨论,见詹文杰.道德教育何以可能?——柏拉图的《克利托丰》诠疏,《世界哲学》[J]. 2008(1):6-16。
(2)本文中所有《理想国》引文均参照王扬译本(柏拉图著,王扬译注,《理想国》,北京:华夏出版社,2012),并根据希腊原文和布鲁姆译本(Plato,translated and with an interpretive Essay(3 edition)by Allan Boom,2016,The Republic of Plato[M]. New York:Basic Books)稍作修改。以下仅随文标出标准码。
Pradeau,Jean-Francois.2002.Plato and the City:A New Introduction to Plato’s Political Thought[M].Janet Lloyd(trans).University of Exeter Press,Devon.
Rosen,Stanley.2005.Plato’s Republic:A Study[M].Yale University Press.
Strauss,Leo.1964.The City and Man[M].The University of Chicago Press.本文所引该文献均参照陈克艰网络译稿(陈克艰:施特劳斯论柏拉图的理想国(一)到(六),http:∥blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_7e471f2e0102uwpr.html),根据英文原文略有改动。
柏拉图.2012.理想国[M].王扬,译注.北京:华夏出版社.(根据希腊原文和英译本略有改动)
布鲁姆.2009.人应该如何生活:布鲁姆《王制》释义[M].刘晨光,译.北京:华夏出版社.
程志敏.2015.古典正义论[M].上海:华东师范大学出版社.
刘飞.2014.柏拉图《理想国》中城邦正义与个人正义的一致性[J].哲学动态(6):69-76.
刘玉鹏.2017.自我控制与服从统治---论柏拉图《理想国》中的节制[J].思想战线(6):146-153.
罗念生,水建馥.2004.古希腊语汉语词典[M].北京:商务印书馆.
施特劳斯.2012.论柏拉图的《会饮》[M].邱立波,译.北京:华夏出版社.
(1)关于《克勒托丰》与《理想国》之间关系的讨论,见詹文杰.道德教育何以可能?——柏拉图的《克利托丰》诠疏,《世界哲学》[J]. 2008(1):6-16。
(2)本文中所有《理想国》引文均参照王扬译本(柏拉图著,王扬译注,《理想国》,北京:华夏出版社,2012),并根据希腊原文和布鲁姆译本(Plato,translated and with an interpretive Essay(3 edition)by Allan Boom,2016,The Republic of Plato[M]. New York:Basic Books)稍作修改。以下仅随文标出标准码。