北京臭氧污染特征及污染气象条件分析
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摘要
根据2013—2017年北京市地面常规气象观测资料、太阳辐射资料以及北京市环保局22个监测站点的臭氧(O_3)数据,分析北京市近5年的O_3污染特征,并探讨北京发生O_3污染时的气象条件。研究表明:2013—2017年北京市O_3质量浓度呈逐年增加趋势,郊区浓度整体高于城区,存在远距离输送,污染过程变多,持续时间变长,光化学污染加强;O_3质量浓度夏季最高,春季次之,冬季最低,在5—8月13:00—18:00 O_3污染最严重;O_3日变化和月变化都呈单峰型,NO_2日变化呈双峰型,周末效应显著,O_3与NO_2质量浓度呈明显负相关;O_3质量浓度与太阳辐射、温度和日照时间呈正相关,春季最有利于O_3质量浓度增加的相对湿度区间在45%～50%,夏季和秋季最有利于O_3生成的相对湿度区间在60%～65%,冬季相对湿度与O_3质量浓度呈明显负相关;高湿度、高风速不利于O_3质量浓度增加,平均风速在2.0～2.5 m/s最有利于O_3质量浓度增加。
Based on the meteorological data from the conventional ground observations and ozone(O_3) data from22 monitoring stations of the Beijing Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau,as well as solar radiation data during 2013—2017 in Beijing,the characteristics of ozone pollution were analyzed,and the meteorological conditions in the events of ozone pollution were discussed.The results show that during 2013—2017 the concentration of O_3 in Beijing was increasing year by year;the concentration of O_3 in suburbs was higher than that in urban areas;the pollution experienced a long-distance transportation with more and more processes and longer duration;and the photochemical pollution was strengthened.The O_3 concentration was the highest in summer,the second in spring,and the lowest in winter,with the most heavy ozone pollution occurred at local times of 13:00—18:00 from May to August.The daily and monthly change of O_3 concentration exhibited a pattern of unimodal,but the daily change of NO_2 concentration exhibited a pattern of bimodal as well as significant weekend effect.The concentration of O_3 was obviously negatively correlated with that of NO_2;the ozone concentration was positively correlated with solar radiation,temperature and sunshine time.The most favorable relative humidity for the increase of ozone concentration was at 45%～50% in spring,and 60%～65% in summer and autumn.Relative humidity was significantly and negatively correlated with ozone concentration in winter;high humidity and high wind speed were not conducive to the increase of ozone concentration,average wind speed of 2.0～2.5 m/s was most beneficial to the increase of ozone concentration.
Based on the meteorological data from the conventional ground observations and ozone(O_3) data from22 monitoring stations of the Beijing Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau,as well as solar radiation data during 2013—2017 in Beijing,the characteristics of ozone pollution were analyzed,and the meteorological conditions in the events of ozone pollution were discussed.The results show that during 2013—2017 the concentration of O_3 in Beijing was increasing year by year;the concentration of O_3 in suburbs was higher than that in urban areas;the pollution experienced a long-distance transportation with more and more processes and longer duration;and the photochemical pollution was strengthened.The O_3 concentration was the highest in summer,the second in spring,and the lowest in winter,with the most heavy ozone pollution occurred at local times of 13:00—18:00 from May to August.The daily and monthly change of O_3 concentration exhibited a pattern of unimodal,but the daily change of NO_2 concentration exhibited a pattern of bimodal as well as significant weekend effect.The concentration of O_3 was obviously negatively correlated with that of NO_2;the ozone concentration was positively correlated with solar radiation,temperature and sunshine time.The most favorable relative humidity for the increase of ozone concentration was at 45%～50% in spring,and 60%～65% in summer and autumn.Relative humidity was significantly and negatively correlated with ozone concentration in winter;high humidity and high wind speed were not conducive to the increase of ozone concentration,average wind speed of 2.0～2.5 m/s was most beneficial to the increase of ozone concentration.
引文
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[3]ZHANG Z,ZHANG X,GONG D,et al.Evolution of surface O3and PM2.5concentrations and their relationships with meteorological conditions over the last decade in Beijing[J].Atmospheric Environment,2015:67-75.
[4]WANG T,XUE L K,BRIMBLECOMBE P,et al.Ozone pollution in China:A review of concentrations,meteorological influences,chemical precursors,and effects[J].Science of The Total Environment,2017,575:1582-1596.
[5]夏亚红.鄂州市城区环境空气的臭氧污染特征及其防治对策[J].中国环境管理干部学院学报，2017,27(4):82-85.
[6]TANG G,LI X,WANG Y,et al.Surface ozone trend details and interpretations in Beijing,2001-2006[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2009,9(22):8813-8823.
[7]LI J,LU K,LU W,et al.Fast increasing of surface ozone concentrations in Pearl River Delta characterized by a regional air quality monitoring network during 2006-2011[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences-China,2014,26(1):23-36.
[8]张小娟，李莉，王红丽，等.2010-2016年上海城区臭氧长时间序列变化特征初探[J].环境科学学报，2019,39(1):86-94.
[9]DUE?AS C,FERNANDEZ M C,CANETE S,et al.Assessment of ozone variations and meteorological effects in an urban area in the Mediterranean Coast[J].Science of The Total Environment,2002:97-113.
[10]ELMINIR H K.Dependence of urban air pollutants on meteorology[J].Science of The Total Environment,2005,350(1/2/3):225-237.
[11]安俊琳，王跃思，孙扬.气象因素对北京臭氧的影响[J].生态环境学报，2009,18(3):944-951.
[12]程念亮，李云婷，张大伟，等.2014年北京市城区臭氧超标日浓度特征及与气象条件的关系[J].环境科学，2016,37(6):2041-2051.
[13]齐冰，牛彧文，杜荣光，等.杭州市近地面大气臭氧浓度变化特征分析[J].中国环境科学，2017,(2):443-451.
[14]徐家骝，朱毓秀.气象因子对近地面臭氧污染影响的研究[J].大气科学，1994(6):751-757.
[15]朱毓秀，徐家骝.近地面臭氧污染过程和相关气象因子的分析[J].环境科学研究，1994(6):13-18.
[16]刘建，吴兑，范绍佳，等.前体物与气象因子对珠江三角洲臭氧污染的影响[J].中国环境科学，2017,37(3):813-820.
[17]周学思，廖志恒，王萌，等.2013-2016年珠海地区臭氧浓度特征及其与气象因素的关系[J].环境科学学报，2019(1):143-153.
[18]黄俊，廖碧婷，吴兑，等.广州近地面臭氧浓度特征及气象影响分析[J].环境科学学报，2018,38(1):23-31.
[19]CLEVELAND W.S.,GRAEDEL T.E.,KLEINER B,et al.Sunday and workday variations in photochemical air pollutants in New Jersey and New York[J].Science,1974,186(4168):1037-1038.
[20]WANG Z,LI Y,CHEN T,et al.Ground-level ozone in urban Beijing over a 1-year period:Temporal variations and relationship to atmospheric oxidation[J].Atmospheric Research,2015,164/165:110-117.