基于费效优化模型的小清河流域入海总氮污染物治理措施初步研究
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摘要
本文以小清河流域的源区计量单元为研究对象,在分析每个源区计量单元的类型及超压情况的基础上,以费用最小化为目标函数、水质达标为约束条件,建立水污染治理措施费效优化模型,并应用于小清河流域。最终实现小清河流陆源TN污染物治理措施优化,既达到水质目标又兼顾公平、效率原则。计算结果表明,小清河流域需减少施肥量2 900t,污水处理系统需扩建6 300万m~3,从而小清河入海口总氮排放量可减少3 613t,其中通过施肥管理使污染物产生量减少2 916t,通过公共污水处理系统扩建增加工程削减量697t,所需的最低总工程投资15亿元。
The source region of the metering unit of the Xiaoqing River Basin as the research object,based on the analysis of each type of source measure unit and overpressure condition,the water effective optimization model is developed by introducing the water quality model and overhead expenses as constraint condition and applied to the Xiaoqing River basin.Finally,the optimization of the pollution control measures for the land source TN of the Xiaoqing River is realized,which not only achieves the water quality goal,but also gives consideration to the principle of fairness and efficiency.The calculation results show that the Xiaoqing River basin to reduce the amount of fertilizer 2 900 t,sewage treatment system for the expansion of 63 million m3,and the Xiaoqing River Estuary total nitrogen emissions can be reduced 3 613 t,of which the amount of pollutants generated by fertilizer management has been reduced by 2 916 tand engineering reductions through the expansion of the public sewage treatment system has been increased 697 t.And the required the lowest total project investment of 1.5 billion yuan.
The source region of the metering unit of the Xiaoqing River Basin as the research object,based on the analysis of each type of source measure unit and overpressure condition,the water effective optimization model is developed by introducing the water quality model and overhead expenses as constraint condition and applied to the Xiaoqing River basin.Finally,the optimization of the pollution control measures for the land source TN of the Xiaoqing River is realized,which not only achieves the water quality goal,but also gives consideration to the principle of fairness and efficiency.The calculation results show that the Xiaoqing River basin to reduce the amount of fertilizer 2 900 t,sewage treatment system for the expansion of 63 million m3,and the Xiaoqing River Estuary total nitrogen emissions can be reduced 3 613 t,of which the amount of pollutants generated by fertilizer management has been reduced by 2 916 tand engineering reductions through the expansion of the public sewage treatment system has been increased 697 t.And the required the lowest total project investment of 1.5 billion yuan.
引文
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[5]王强,张晓琪.欧洲水管理实践对中国流域水环境管理的启示[J].环境科学与管理,2014,39(5):9-12.Wang Q,Zhang X Q.Research progress of the Water Framework Directive[J].Environmental Science and Management,2014,39(5):9-12.
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[8] Gitau M.W,Chaubey,Chiang L,et al.Effectiveness of best management practices in improving water quality in a pasture-dominated watershed[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2010,65(6):424-437.
[9] Schleiniger R.Comprehensive cost-effectiveness analysis of measures to reduce nitrogen emissions in Switzerland[J].Ecological Economics,1999,30(1):147-159.
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[12] Barton D T.Saloranta S.Moe,H.et al.Bayesian belief networks as a meta-modelling tool in integrated river basin management—Pros and cons in evaluating nutrient abatement decisions under uncertainty in a Norwegian river basin[J].Ecological economics,2008,66(1):91-104.
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[17] Gren I.Mitigation and adaptation policies for stochastic water pollution:an application to the Baltic Sea[J].Ecological Economics,2008,66(2-3):337-347.
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[19]韩秀娣.最佳管理措施在非点源污染防治中的应用[J].上海环境科学,2000,19(3):102-104.Han X D.Application of optimal management practice to NPSP control[J].Shanghai Environmental Science,2000,19(3):102-104.
[20] F Morari,E Lugato,M Borin.An integrated non-point source model-GIS system for selecting criteria of best management practices in the Po Valley,North Italy[J].Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment,2004,12(102):247-262.
[21] Fr9schl L,R.Pierrard,W.Sch9nbck.Cost-efficient choice of measures in agriculture to reduce the nitrogen load flowing from the Danube River into the Black Sea:An analysis for Austria,Bulgaria,Hungary and Romania[J].Ecological Economics,2008,68(1):96-105.
[22]王翠,吴俊文,张学庆,等.水污染控制管理方案优化研究——以胶州湾东北部为例[J].海洋环境科学,2012,31(2):127-131.Wang C,Wu J W,Zhang X Q,et al.Study of the water pollution control and management program——a case study of the northeast of Jiaozhou Bay[J].Marine Environmental Science,2012,31(2):127-131.
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[24]麻德明,石洪华,丰爱平.基于流域单元的海湾农业非点源污染负估算以莱州湾为例[J].生态学报,2014,3 4(1):173-181.MA D M,Shi H H,Feng A P.Estimation of agricultural nonpoint source pollution based on watershed unit:A case study of Laizhou Bay[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,8(1):173-181.
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[28] Wustenberghs H,Broekx S.Cost-Benefit Analysis of Abatement Measures for Nutrient Emission from Agriculture[C].[s.1]:12th Congress of the European Association of Agricultural Economists,2008.
[29]石培基,冯晓淼,宋先松,等.退耕还林政策实施对退耕者经济纯效益的影响评价—以甘肃4个退耕还林试点县为例[J].干旱区研究,2006,23(3):459-465.Shi P J,Feng X M,Song X S,et al.Evaluation of the effect of the implementation of the policy of returning land from farming to forest and grassplot onfarmers’pure economic returns-A case study in four test regions of Gansu province[J].Arid Zone Research,2006,23(3):459-465.
[30]王俊莹,刘志强,王成鹏,等.北方城镇污水处理厂升级改造及工程实例[J].水处理技术,2010,11(36):132-135.Wang J Y,Liu Z Q,Wang C P,et al.Upgrading and engineering example of sewage treatment plant in northern China[J].Technology of Water Treatment,2010,11(36):132-135.
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