河北省蔬菜大棚土壤及蔬菜中重金属累积分析
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摘要
为了解河北省大棚菜地的重金属累积情况,以蔬菜产区的土壤和蔬菜为研究对象,采集了邯郸市永年县、保定市定州县、沧州市青县、石家庄市藁城区共64个大棚土壤以及对应蔬菜样品,测定其Cr、Ni、Cd、Pb、As含量,利用地累积指数法对大棚土壤重金属污染进行了评价,利用目标危害系数法分析了蔬菜摄入对人体的健康风险。结果表明,与《土壤环境质量标准》(GB 15618—1995)二级标准相比,四个蔬菜产区大棚土壤中Cr、Cd、Ni、Pb、As含量均值未超标;但与河北省表层土壤背景值相比,大棚土壤中Cd和Cr累积普遍,分别是背景值的1.99倍和1.10倍,超标率为100%和40.6%。Pb、As局部点位有累积现象,Ni含量均低于背景值。地累积指数评价结果表明,除Cd为轻度-中等累积污染外,其他元素均为无累积污染。与《食品中污染物限量》(GB 2762—2017)相比,除15.63%的蔬菜样品中Cr超标外,所调查的蔬菜中Ni、Cd、Pb、As含量均不超标。菠菜、大葱、蒜苗对5种重金属的富集系数均相对较大,不同类型蔬菜对5种重金属富集能力均为叶菜类>根茎类>球茎类>果菜类,对不同重金属富集能力为Cd>Ni>Cr>As>Pb。河北省大棚蔬菜重金属总体不存在明显的人体健康风险,但是藁城蔬菜Cr存在明显的健康风险,应该引起关注。
The objective of the study is to investigate the concentration of heavy metals(Cr, Ni, Cd, Pb, As)and enlighten the accumulation status in soils and vegetables in greenhouses of Hebei Province. Four vegetable bases(Yongnian of Handan City, Dingzhou of Baoding City, Qingxian of Cangzhou City, Gaocheng of Shijiazhuang City)from Hebei Province were selected. The method of the geo-accumulation index was used to evaluate the environment quality condition of heavy metals in soil and the target hazard quotient was used to assess the health risk caused by intaking vegetables. The results indicated that the mean concentrations of Cr, Ni, Cd, Pb and As in the greenhouses soil of four vegetable bases did not exceed the critical value of grade Ⅱ of the Soil Quality Standard(GB 15618—1995). However, the accumulation of Cd and Cr in greenhouses were 100% and 40.6% respectively, which were the ratios of exceeding the background values.The contents of Cd and Cr in greenhouse soil were 1.99, 1.10 times of the background values respectively. The accumulation of Pb and As was only in some investigation spots. Besides, the contents of Ni were all lower than the background value. In the evaluation of index of geoaccumulation, the accumulation pollution level of Cd was slight to medium while Cr、Ni、Pb、As were all clean in greenhouses soil of Hebei Province. Approximately 15.63% Cr in vegetables exceeded the Criteria Level of Contaminants in the Foods(GB 2762—2017), the contents of other heavy metals didn'garlic were relatively higher than other vegetables. The average BCFs in different categories of vegetables were ranked in the order of leaf vegetable>root vegetables>bulbous vegetables>fruit vegetables, and in different heavy metals were ranked in the order of Cd>Ni>Cr>As>Pb.The health risk assessment using target hazard quotient illustrated that there was no significant human health risk caused by heavy metal in greenhouse vegetables of Hebei Province, while the content of Cr in Gaocheng vegetable presented a significant risk to human health, which should be given more attention.
The objective of the study is to investigate the concentration of heavy metals(Cr, Ni, Cd, Pb, As)and enlighten the accumulation status in soils and vegetables in greenhouses of Hebei Province. Four vegetable bases(Yongnian of Handan City, Dingzhou of Baoding City, Qingxian of Cangzhou City, Gaocheng of Shijiazhuang City)from Hebei Province were selected. The method of the geo-accumulation index was used to evaluate the environment quality condition of heavy metals in soil and the target hazard quotient was used to assess the health risk caused by intaking vegetables. The results indicated that the mean concentrations of Cr, Ni, Cd, Pb and As in the greenhouses soil of four vegetable bases did not exceed the critical value of grade Ⅱ of the Soil Quality Standard(GB 15618—1995). However, the accumulation of Cd and Cr in greenhouses were 100% and 40.6% respectively, which were the ratios of exceeding the background values.The contents of Cd and Cr in greenhouse soil were 1.99, 1.10 times of the background values respectively. The accumulation of Pb and As was only in some investigation spots. Besides, the contents of Ni were all lower than the background value. In the evaluation of index of geoaccumulation, the accumulation pollution level of Cd was slight to medium while Cr、Ni、Pb、As were all clean in greenhouses soil of Hebei Province. Approximately 15.63% Cr in vegetables exceeded the Criteria Level of Contaminants in the Foods(GB 2762—2017), the contents of other heavy metals didn'garlic were relatively higher than other vegetables. The average BCFs in different categories of vegetables were ranked in the order of leaf vegetable>root vegetables>bulbous vegetables>fruit vegetables, and in different heavy metals were ranked in the order of Cd>Ni>Cr>As>Pb.The health risk assessment using target hazard quotient illustrated that there was no significant human health risk caused by heavy metal in greenhouse vegetables of Hebei Province, while the content of Cr in Gaocheng vegetable presented a significant risk to human health, which should be given more attention.
引文
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