飞来峡水库水体富营养化及重金属污染评价
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摘要
针对飞来峡水库面临着较高的富营养化和重金属污染风险的状况,在2013—2017年对水库坝前水质进行监测。在水质指标变化分析的基础上,进行了富营养化和重金属污染评价。结果表明:水库2013—2017年氮磷营养盐超标,尤以总氮污染为重,富营养化程度逐渐加重,2014—2017年均存在富营养化现象;水库主要营养物质来源于面源污染;水库富营养化为磷限制型。2013—2017年水库重金属污染等级为安全级,近期内不存在重金属污染风险。
In view of the high eutrophication and heavy metal pollution risk of Feilaixia Reservoir, the water quality before the reservoir dam was monitored in 2013～2017. Based on the analysis of water quality index, eutrophication and heavy metal pollution assessment are carried out. The results show that the nitrogen and phosphorus in the reservoir exceeded the standard in 2013～2017, especially the total nitrogen pollution was serious. The eutrophication degree of the reservoir has gradually increased, and eutrophication has existed from 2014 to 2017. The main nutrients in the reservoir are derived from non-point source pollution. The eutrophication of the reservoir is limited by phosphorus. The heavy metal pollution level of the reservoir in 2013～2017 is safety level, and there is no risk of heavy metal pollution in the near future.
In view of the high eutrophication and heavy metal pollution risk of Feilaixia Reservoir, the water quality before the reservoir dam was monitored in 2013～2017. Based on the analysis of water quality index, eutrophication and heavy metal pollution assessment are carried out. The results show that the nitrogen and phosphorus in the reservoir exceeded the standard in 2013～2017, especially the total nitrogen pollution was serious. The eutrophication degree of the reservoir has gradually increased, and eutrophication has existed from 2014 to 2017. The main nutrients in the reservoir are derived from non-point source pollution. The eutrophication of the reservoir is limited by phosphorus. The heavy metal pollution level of the reservoir in 2013～2017 is safety level, and there is no risk of heavy metal pollution in the near future.
引文
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[2] 顾立忠,孙小磊,蔡宏炜.北江流域突发性水污染事件影响分析[J].广东水利水电,2017(9):10-13.
[3] 朱爱萍,陈建耀,高磊,等.北江上游水环境重金属污染及生态毒性的时空变化[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(8):2 487-2 496.
[4] Song M W,Huang P,Li F,et al.Water quality of a tributary of the Pearl River,the Beijiang,Southern China:implications from multivariate statistical analyses.[J].Environmental Monitoring & Assessment,2011,172(1-4):589.
[5] Gao B,Lu J,Zhou H D,et al.The distribution,accumulation and potential source of seldom monitored trace elements in sediments of Beijiang River,South China.[J].Water Science & Technology A Journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research,2012,65(12):2118.
[6] He JJ,Zhang HM,Zhang H.Ecological risk and ecological loss estimation of heavy metal pollution in the beijiang river[J].Ecol Chem Eng S,2014,21(2):189-199.
[7] 朱爱萍,陈建耀,江涛,等.北江流域横石河-翁江沿岸土壤重金属污染特征分析[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(2):506-515.
[8] 江涛,刘小波,韦秋莲,等.长湖水库沉积物重金属污染特征及释放机制[J].生态环境学报,2017,26(7):1 193-1 200.
[9] 杨文斌,王国祥,张利民,等.常熟市昆承湖水质时空变异特征和环境压力分析[J].自然资源学报,2007,22(2):185-192.
[10] Carlson R E.A trophic state index for lakes1[J].Limnology & Oceanography,1977,22(2):361-369.
[11] 中国环境监测总站.湖泊(水库)富营养化评价方法及分级技术规定:总站生字[2001]090号[A].
[12] Smith V H ,Joye S B ,Howarth R W .Eutrophication of freshwater and marine ecosystems[J].Limnology and Oceanography,2006,51(1_part_2):351-355.
[13] 吴学丽,杨永亮,汤奇峰,等.沈阳河水、地下水及沉积物中重金属的生态风险评价及来源辨析[J].生态学杂志,2011,30(3):438-447.
[14] Redfield A .The influence of organisms on the composition of sea water[J].The sea,1963(2).
[15] 陈艳,涂晓霞.关于飞来峡水库水资源保护工作的若干思考[J].人民珠江,2013,34(5):47-49.
[16] 谢林环,江涛,李锐,等.飞来峡水库氮磷营养盐形态及分布特征[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2017(5):118-124.
[17] 游江涛,林秋奇,胡韧,等.飞来峡水库蓄水初期营养状态及浮游生物分布特征[J].生态科学,2002,21(1):21-24.
[18] 郑锦明,吕洪涛,韩博平.飞来峡水库水质现状及其向广州供水能力的探讨[J].生态科学,2004,23(3):208-211.
[19] 李浩,李广彪.飞来峡水库水生态修复与保护初探[J].广东水利电力职业技术学院学报,2015(4):67-69.
[20] Huang W ,Campredon R ,Abrao J J ,et al.Variation of heavy metals in recent sediments from Piratininga Lagoon (Brazil):interpretation of geochemical data with the aid of multivariate analysis[J].Environmental Geology,1994,23(4):241-247.
[21] Atkinson C A ,Jolley D F ,Simpson S L .Effect of overlying water pH,dissolved oxygen,salinity and sediment disturbances on metal release and sequestration from metal contaminated marine sediments[J].Chemosphere,2007,69(9):1 428-1 437.