黔东南州黎平县耕地土壤重金属生态风险的评价
|
摘要
【目的】弄清黎平县耕地土壤重金属生态风险状况,为农作物的安全生产和耕地土壤重金属污染防治提供科学依据,【方法】采用单因子污染指数、内梅罗综合污染指数和Hankanson潜在生态风险指数法,分析黎平县耕地土壤铬(Cr)、铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)、砷(As)和汞(Hg)5种重金属的污染程度,并对其潜在生态风险进行评价。【结果】黎平县耕地土壤Cr、Pb、Cd、As和Hg的平均含量分别为68.39、23.55、0.22、6.16和0.15 mg/kg,Hg平均含量超过贵州省土壤背景值,是其1.36倍。Cr、Pb、Cd、As和Hg的单因子污染指数平均值分别为0.31、0.09、0.74、0.19和0.47,只有Cd超标,超标率为3.4%;内梅罗综合污染指数平均值为0.68,整体无污染;Cd单因子潜在生态风险程度为"低""中"和"较重"的分别占91.5%、6.8%和1.7%,Hg单因子潜在生态风险程度为"低"和"中"的分别占95.9%和4.1%。【结论】黎平县耕地土壤重金属整体上无潜在生态风险,但部分乡镇Cd存在"较重"程度潜在生态风险,Hg存在"中"程度潜在生态风险。
【Objective】The aim of this paper was to reveal the ecological risk of heavy metals in farmland soil in Liping County of Qiandongnan prefecture, and provide scientific basis for safe production of crops and prevention and control of heavy metal pollution in farmland soil.【Method】The single factor pollution index, Nemero comprehensive pollution index and Hankanson potential ecological risk index method were used to analyze pollution degree of chromium(Cr), lead(Pb), cadmium(Cd), arsenic(As) and mercury(Hg) in cultivated soil in Liping County, and their potential ecological risks were evaluated as well.【Results】The average concentrations of Cr, Pb, Cd, As and Hg in the soils were 68.39, 23.55, 0.22, 6.16, 0.15 mg/kg, respectively. Hg concentration was 1.36 times as the background value of soil in Guizhou province. The average single factor pollution index of Cr, Pb, Cd, As and Hg were 0.74, 0.47, 0.31, 0.19 and 0.09, respectively. The over standard rates of Cd was 3.4 %. The mean value of Nemerow integrated pollution index was 0.68, indicating that there was no pollution in Liping county. The low, medium and heavier potential ecological risk levels of Cd accounted for 91.5 %, 6.8 % and 1.7 % respectively. The low and medium potential ecological risk levels of Hg accounted for 95.9 % and 4.1 % respectively.【Conclusion】There is no potential ecological risk for heavy metals in cultivated soils in Liping county. However, there is still existence of ecological risk for relative heavy Cd level and moderate Hg level in some villages and towns.
【Objective】The aim of this paper was to reveal the ecological risk of heavy metals in farmland soil in Liping County of Qiandongnan prefecture, and provide scientific basis for safe production of crops and prevention and control of heavy metal pollution in farmland soil.【Method】The single factor pollution index, Nemero comprehensive pollution index and Hankanson potential ecological risk index method were used to analyze pollution degree of chromium(Cr), lead(Pb), cadmium(Cd), arsenic(As) and mercury(Hg) in cultivated soil in Liping County, and their potential ecological risks were evaluated as well.【Results】The average concentrations of Cr, Pb, Cd, As and Hg in the soils were 68.39, 23.55, 0.22, 6.16, 0.15 mg/kg, respectively. Hg concentration was 1.36 times as the background value of soil in Guizhou province. The average single factor pollution index of Cr, Pb, Cd, As and Hg were 0.74, 0.47, 0.31, 0.19 and 0.09, respectively. The over standard rates of Cd was 3.4 %. The mean value of Nemerow integrated pollution index was 0.68, indicating that there was no pollution in Liping county. The low, medium and heavier potential ecological risk levels of Cd accounted for 91.5 %, 6.8 % and 1.7 % respectively. The low and medium potential ecological risk levels of Hg accounted for 95.9 % and 4.1 % respectively.【Conclusion】There is no potential ecological risk for heavy metals in cultivated soils in Liping county. However, there is still existence of ecological risk for relative heavy Cd level and moderate Hg level in some villages and towns.
引文
[1]徐明岗,卢昌艾,张文菊,等.我国耕地质量状况与提升对策[J].中国农业资源与区划,2016,37(7):8-14.
[2]环境保护部,国土资源部.全国土壤污染状况调查公报[J].中国环保产业,2014,36(5):10-11.
[3]宋春然,何锦林,谭红,等.贵州省农业土壤重金属污染的初步评价[J].贵州农业科学,2005,33(2):13-16.
[4]范拴喜,甘卓亭,李美娟,等.土壤重金属污染评价方法进展[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(17):310-315.
[5]杨玉敏,师学义,张琛.基于内梅罗指数法的复垦村庄土壤重金属污染评价及空间分布[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(4):338-343.
[6]Hakanson L.An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control.a sedimentological approach[J].Water Research,1980,14(8):975-1001.
[7]中国环境监测总站.中国土壤元素背景值[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1990.
[8]朱守立,詹孝慈.贵州黎平某硅厂周边土壤重金属含量分析与污染状况评价[J].科技资讯,2014(33):101-101.
[9]任玉琴,黄娟,饶凤琴,等.浙江省重点地区猪粪中重金属含量及安全施用评估[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2018,24(3):703-711.
[10]黄小娟,江长胜,郝庆菊.重庆溶溪锰矿区土壤重金属污染评价及植物吸收特征[J].生态学报,2014,34(15):4201-4211.
[11]方晓波,史坚,廖欣峰,等.临安市雷竹林土壤重金属污染特征及生态风险评价[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(6):1883-1891.
[12]范小杉,罗宏.工业废水重金属排放区域及行业分布格局[J].中国环境科学,2013,33(4):655-662.
[13]杜启露,程志飞,刘品桢,等.贵州省修文县猕猴桃生态园区土壤重金属污染现状评价[J].水土保持通报,2019,39(1):264-270.
[14]柴冠群,敖明,杨珊,等.贵州火龙果主产区典型重金属的分布特征及风险评价[J].西南农业学报,2018,31(12):2691-2696.
[15]喻子恒,黄国培,张华,等.贵州丹寨金汞矿区稻田土壤重金属分布特征及其污染评估[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(8):2296-2301.
[16]徐夕博,吕建树,徐汝汝.山东省沂源县土壤重金属来源分布及风险评价[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(9):216-223.
[17]原志敏.贵州毕节市农田土壤重金属污染钝化修复研究[D].北京:北京科技大学,2018.
[18]何腾兵,董玲玲,李广枝,等.喀斯特山区不同母质(岩)发育的土壤主要重金属含量差异性研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2008(1):188-193.
[19]朱健,范菲菲,韦时宏.贵州省黔东南州土壤重金属含量与分析[J].农业与技术,2018,38(20):16-17.
[20]杨春,成红砚,杨金笛.黔东南州9种中药材重金属污染评价[J].贵州农业科学,2010,38(4):231-234.
[21]杨秀全,王梁全,杨露,等.黔东南中药材主产区土壤重金属含量调查与评价[J].耕作与栽培,2016(2):30-32.
[2]环境保护部,国土资源部.全国土壤污染状况调查公报[J].中国环保产业,2014,36(5):10-11.
[3]宋春然,何锦林,谭红,等.贵州省农业土壤重金属污染的初步评价[J].贵州农业科学,2005,33(2):13-16.
[4]范拴喜,甘卓亭,李美娟,等.土壤重金属污染评价方法进展[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(17):310-315.
[5]杨玉敏,师学义,张琛.基于内梅罗指数法的复垦村庄土壤重金属污染评价及空间分布[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(4):338-343.
[6]Hakanson L.An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control.a sedimentological approach[J].Water Research,1980,14(8):975-1001.
[7]中国环境监测总站.中国土壤元素背景值[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1990.
[8]朱守立,詹孝慈.贵州黎平某硅厂周边土壤重金属含量分析与污染状况评价[J].科技资讯,2014(33):101-101.
[9]任玉琴,黄娟,饶凤琴,等.浙江省重点地区猪粪中重金属含量及安全施用评估[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2018,24(3):703-711.
[10]黄小娟,江长胜,郝庆菊.重庆溶溪锰矿区土壤重金属污染评价及植物吸收特征[J].生态学报,2014,34(15):4201-4211.
[11]方晓波,史坚,廖欣峰,等.临安市雷竹林土壤重金属污染特征及生态风险评价[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(6):1883-1891.
[12]范小杉,罗宏.工业废水重金属排放区域及行业分布格局[J].中国环境科学,2013,33(4):655-662.
[13]杜启露,程志飞,刘品桢,等.贵州省修文县猕猴桃生态园区土壤重金属污染现状评价[J].水土保持通报,2019,39(1):264-270.
[14]柴冠群,敖明,杨珊,等.贵州火龙果主产区典型重金属的分布特征及风险评价[J].西南农业学报,2018,31(12):2691-2696.
[15]喻子恒,黄国培,张华,等.贵州丹寨金汞矿区稻田土壤重金属分布特征及其污染评估[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(8):2296-2301.
[16]徐夕博,吕建树,徐汝汝.山东省沂源县土壤重金属来源分布及风险评价[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(9):216-223.
[17]原志敏.贵州毕节市农田土壤重金属污染钝化修复研究[D].北京:北京科技大学,2018.
[18]何腾兵,董玲玲,李广枝,等.喀斯特山区不同母质(岩)发育的土壤主要重金属含量差异性研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2008(1):188-193.
[19]朱健,范菲菲,韦时宏.贵州省黔东南州土壤重金属含量与分析[J].农业与技术,2018,38(20):16-17.
[20]杨春,成红砚,杨金笛.黔东南州9种中药材重金属污染评价[J].贵州农业科学,2010,38(4):231-234.
[21]杨秀全,王梁全,杨露,等.黔东南中药材主产区土壤重金属含量调查与评价[J].耕作与栽培,2016(2):30-32.