广西核桃优良种质分布情况及坚果品质差异性分析
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摘要
以81株核桃(Juglans regia)优良种质为研究对象,对广西核桃优良种质的分布情况、表型遗传及内在品质进行测定、分析。结果表明:广西核桃优良种质集中分布在海拔700～1500 m云贵高原南部边缘地带及红水河两岸。海拔及温度与核桃品质的相关性分析表明,温度与核桃青皮厚度、核壳厚度、亚油酸及硬脂酸呈负相关,核桃品质与海拔总体呈正相关。对不同海拔之间核桃优良种质的青皮厚度、三径、单果重、出仁率和核壳厚度进行单因素方差分析发现,单果重及青皮厚度皆在海拔300～500 m最大,而三径均值则在这个海拔时最低,仅有青皮厚度在不同海拔间差异达到显著。核仁蛋白(21.24%)、亚油酸(63.88%)及硬脂酸(3.91%)含量在海拔1301～1500 m达到最高,核仁脂肪(63.03%)与亚麻酸(63.76%)含量都在海拔300～500 m达到最高。核仁脂肪含量随海拔上升呈先下降再上升趋势;亚油酸含量随海拔上升呈先下降后上升趋势。不同海拔及年均气温皆会对核桃品质产生一定的影响。
Taking 81 superior individuals of walnut excellent germplasm as research objects,resource distribution,genetic phenotype and internal quality were determined and analyzed. Results showed that walnut excellent germplasm mainly distributed in the southern margin of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau at altitude of 700-1 500 m and on both sides of Hongshui river. Correlation analysis between altitude,temperature and walnut quality showed that temperature was negatively correlated with walnut peel thickness,kernel shell thickness,linoleic acid and stearic acid. Walnut quality was positively correlated with the overall altitude. One-way ANOVA was performed on the green peel thickness,three diameters,single fruit weight,kernel percent and shell thickness of walnut excellent germplasm from different altitudes. The single fruit weight and the thickness of green peel reached their maximum at altitude of 300-500 m,while the mean of three diameters was the lowest at this altitude. Only thickness of green skin was significantly different at different altitudes. Contents of nucleolus protein(21.24%),linoleic acid(63.88%) and stearic acid(3.91%) reached the highest at altitude of 1 301-1 500 m. Contents of nucleolar fat(63.03%) and linolenic acid(63.76%) reached the highest level at altitude of 300-500 m. The kernel fat content decreased first and then increased with altitude. The linoleic acid content decreased first and then increased with altitude. Different altitudes and annual average temperatures had a certain impact on quality of walnuts.
Taking 81 superior individuals of walnut excellent germplasm as research objects,resource distribution,genetic phenotype and internal quality were determined and analyzed. Results showed that walnut excellent germplasm mainly distributed in the southern margin of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau at altitude of 700-1 500 m and on both sides of Hongshui river. Correlation analysis between altitude,temperature and walnut quality showed that temperature was negatively correlated with walnut peel thickness,kernel shell thickness,linoleic acid and stearic acid. Walnut quality was positively correlated with the overall altitude. One-way ANOVA was performed on the green peel thickness,three diameters,single fruit weight,kernel percent and shell thickness of walnut excellent germplasm from different altitudes. The single fruit weight and the thickness of green peel reached their maximum at altitude of 300-500 m,while the mean of three diameters was the lowest at this altitude. Only thickness of green skin was significantly different at different altitudes. Contents of nucleolus protein(21.24%),linoleic acid(63.88%) and stearic acid(3.91%) reached the highest at altitude of 1 301-1 500 m. Contents of nucleolar fat(63.03%) and linolenic acid(63.76%) reached the highest level at altitude of 300-500 m. The kernel fat content decreased first and then increased with altitude. The linoleic acid content decreased first and then increased with altitude. Different altitudes and annual average temperatures had a certain impact on quality of walnuts.
引文
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[2]王滑.西藏核桃种质资源遗传多样性研究[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2010.
[3]黎裕,李英慧,杨庆文,等.基于基因组学的作物种质资源研究现状与展望[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(17):3333-3353.
[4] KUMAR J,AGRAWAL V. Analysis of genetic diversity and population genetic structure in Simarouba glauca DC.(an important bio-en-ergy crop)employing ISSR and SRAP markers[J]. Ind Crop Prod,2017,100:198-207.
[5] LIU Z,LI J,FAN X. Assessing the numbers of SNPs needed to establish molecular IDs and characterize the genetic diversity of soybean cultivars derived from Tokachi nagaha[J]. The Crop Journal,2017,5(4):326-336.
[6]曾亮,李敏权,杨晓明.豌豆属种质资源遗传多样性的ISSR分析[J].草业学报,2012,21(03):125-131.
[7]唐琦,余兆硕,陈华东等.湖南西部核桃脂肪含量及脂肪酸组成研究[J].广州华工,2016,44(5):80-85.
[8]耿树香,宁德鲁,贺娜,等.云南主栽核桃品种油脂及蛋白综合评价分析[J].食品科技,2018,43(2):124-130.
[9]王其竹,熊涛,张建权,等.海拔高度对‘香玲’核桃生长结果习性的影响[J].湖北林业科技,2016,45(5):37-39.
[10]张雨,陆斌,冯倩,等.海拔高度对三台核桃果实性状变异规律研究[J].西北林学院学报,2011,26(4):108-111.
[11]刘金凤,陆斌,苏为耿,等.海拔高度对‘细香’核桃坚果经济性状及营养成分的影响[J].果树学报,2013,30(5):779-786.
[12]熊利权,肖良俊,耿树香,等.不同海拔泸水1号核桃丰产性及坚果品质差异分析[J].西南林业大学学报,2017,37(6):31-35.