青岛市挥发性有机物排放清单及重点行业排放特征研究
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摘要
根据收集的青岛市九大类排放源的活动水平数据,本研究采用排放因子法结合调研实测等工作建立了青岛市VOCs源排放清单,结果表明,工业企业VOCs排放占总排放的比例达到43.17%。其中,工艺过程源类中排放占比较高的行业依次为橡胶和塑料制品业、非金属矿物制品业、原油加工及石油制品制造业、化学原料和化学制品制造业、黑色金属冶炼和压延加工业等;溶剂使用源类中排放占比较高的行业为金属制品业、皮革皮毛羽毛制品和制鞋业、印刷业、铁路船舶航空等设备制造业、汽车制造业等。通过对重点行业重点企业进行入场调研采样分析,本研究发现不同行业中VOCs组成特征有差异,多数行业VOCs物种排放以卤代烃、芳香烃、烷烃等为主,纺织印染业、制鞋业等部分行业以含氧有机物排放为主。通过调研和实测对部分行业的VOCs排放因子水平做了本地化深入研究,调研统计青岛市约49%的企业安装了VOCs治理设施;在企业所安装的VOCs治理设施中吸附法占比最大,占比为26%。
Based on the collected activity date of nine types of atmospheric pollution sources in Qingdao, emission inventory of volatile organic compounds in Qingdao was set up by the emission factor method. The results showed that the proportion of VOCs emission in industrial enterprises accounted for43.17% of the total VOCs emissions. Among them, the major key VOC-related industries of industrial processing were rubber and plastic products, nonmetallic mineral products, crude oil processing and petroleum products, chemical raw materials and chemical products, smelting and pressing of ferrous products. The main products industries of solvent used source were the metal, printing industry, the manufacture of transport equipment for railway,shipping, aerospace and other uses, the manufacture of vehicle. Through the research and sampling analysis of key enterprises in key industries, it was found that there were large differences among the VOCs patterns of different industries. In most industries, VOCs emissions were halogenated hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons and alkanes. And other industries such as manufacture of textile printing and shoes were mainly oxygen-containing organic emissions. Through investigation and measurement, the VOCs emission factor level of some industries was deeply studied. Statistics showed that about 49%of enterprises in Qingdao have VOCs pollution control facilities. The proportion of adsorption was the largest in the VOCs management facilities installed by enterprises, which was 26%.
Based on the collected activity date of nine types of atmospheric pollution sources in Qingdao, emission inventory of volatile organic compounds in Qingdao was set up by the emission factor method. The results showed that the proportion of VOCs emission in industrial enterprises accounted for43.17% of the total VOCs emissions. Among them, the major key VOC-related industries of industrial processing were rubber and plastic products, nonmetallic mineral products, crude oil processing and petroleum products, chemical raw materials and chemical products, smelting and pressing of ferrous products. The main products industries of solvent used source were the metal, printing industry, the manufacture of transport equipment for railway,shipping, aerospace and other uses, the manufacture of vehicle. Through the research and sampling analysis of key enterprises in key industries, it was found that there were large differences among the VOCs patterns of different industries. In most industries, VOCs emissions were halogenated hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons and alkanes. And other industries such as manufacture of textile printing and shoes were mainly oxygen-containing organic emissions. Through investigation and measurement, the VOCs emission factor level of some industries was deeply studied. Statistics showed that about 49%of enterprises in Qingdao have VOCs pollution control facilities. The proportion of adsorption was the largest in the VOCs management facilities installed by enterprises, which was 26%.
引文
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[2]ZEINALI M,MCCONNELL L L,HAPEMAN C J,et al.Volatile organic compounds in pesticide formulations:methods to estimate ozone formation potential[J].Atmospheric environment,2011,45(14):2404-2412.
[3]沈劲,陈皓,钟流举.珠三角秋季臭氧污染来源解析[J].环境污染与防治,2015,37(1):25-30.
[4]ZHANG Y H,SU H,ZHONG L J,et al.Regional ozone pollution and observation-based approach for analyzing ozone-precursor relationship during the PRIDE-PRD2004 campaign[J].Atmospheric environment,2008,42(25):6203-6218.
[5]SHAO M,ZHANG Y H,ZENG L M,et al.Ground-level ozone in the Pearl River Delta and the roles of VOC and NOx in its production[J].Journal of environmental management,2009,90(1):512-518.
[6]YUAN B,HU W W,SHAO M,et al.VOC emissions,evolutions and contributions to SOA formation at a receptor site in Eastern China[J].Atmospheric chemistry and physics,2013,13(17):8815-8832.
[7]PICCOT S D,WATSON J J,JONES J W.A global inventory of volatile organic compound emissions from anthropogenic sources[J].Journal of geophysical research:atmospheres,1992,97(D9):9897-9912.
[8]KLIMONT Z,STREETS D G,GUPTA S,et al.Anthropogenic emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds in China[J].Atmospheric environment,2002,36(8):1309-1322.
[9]STREETS D G,BOND T C,CARMICHAEL G R,et al.An inventory of gaseous and primary aerosol emissions in Asia in the year 2000[J].Journal of geophysical research:atmospheres,2003,108(D21):8809.
[10]范辞冬,王幸锐,王玉瑶,等.中国人类活动源非甲烷挥发性有机物(NMVOC)排放总量及分布[J].四川环境,2012,31(1):82-87.
[11]BO Y,CAI H,XIE S D.Spatial and temporal variation of emission inventories for historical anthropogenic NMVOCs in China[J].Atmospheric chemistry and physics discussions,2008,8(3):11519-11566.
[12]刘金凤,赵静,李湉湉,等.我国人为源挥发性有机物排放清单的建立[J],中国环境科学,2008,28(6):496-500.
[13]魏巍.中国人为源挥发性有机化合物的排放现状及未来趋势[D].北京:清华大学,2009.
[14]ZHAO B,WANG P,MA J Z,et al.A high-resolution emission inventory of primary pollutants for the Huabei region,China[J].Atmospheric chemistry and physics,2012,12(1):481-501.
[15]吴晓璐.长三角地区大气污染物排放清单研究[D].上海:复旦大学,2009.
[16]余宇帆,卢清,郑君瑜,等.珠江三角洲地区重点VOC排放行业的排放清单[J].中国环境科学,2011,31(2):195-201.
[17]郑君瑜,张礼俊,钟流举,等.珠江三角洲大气面源排放清单及空间分布特征[J].中国环境科学,2009,29(5):455-460.
[18]ZHENG J Y,SHAO M,CHE W W,et al.Speciated VOC emission inventory and spatial patterns of ozone formation potential in the Pearl River Delta,China[J].Environmental science&technology,2009,43(22):8580-8586.
[19]ZHENG J Y,ZHANG L J,CHE W W,et al,A highly resolved temporal and spatial air pollutant emission inventory for the Pearl River Delta region,China and its uncertainty assessment[J].Atmospheric environment,2009,43(32):5112-5122.
[20]ZHENG J Y,ZHENG Z Y,YU Y F,et al.Temporal,spatial characteristics and uncertainty of biogenic VOC emissions in the Pearl River Delta region,China[J].Atmospheric environment,2010,44(16):1960-1969.
[21]梁小明,张嘉妮,陈小方,等.我国人为源挥发性有机物反应性排放清单[J].环境科学,2017,38(3):845-854.
[22]潘月云,李楠,郑君瑜,等.广东省人为源大气污染物排放清单及特征研究[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(9):2655-2669.
[23]青岛市环保局.2013-2017年青岛市环境状况公报[DB/OL].http://hbj.qingdao.gov.cn.
[24]青岛市统计局.2017年青岛统计年鉴[M].青岛,中国统计出版社,2018.
[25]青岛市环境保护局.2016年青岛环境统计库数据[CP/DK].2016.