三江平原湿地不同土地利用方式对土壤养分及酶活性的影响
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摘要
以中国科学院三江平原湿地生态试验站为对象,研究了不同利用方式(湿地草甸、旱田系统、退耕成草、退耕成林)对土壤酶活性分布特征及相关因子的影响。结果表明:土壤利用方式不同,土壤酶活性(转化酶、脲酶、磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶)、有机碳含量和土壤养分含量有较大差异。土壤有机碳、全氮、全钾、速效磷、碱解氮、微生物量碳和氮均呈现出一致的变化规律,依次表现为湿地草甸>退耕草地>退耕林地>旱田系统,也即由湿地草甸退化过程中,土壤养分含量逐渐降低,其中不同土地利用方式下土壤全磷含量差异不显著(p>0.05),在湿地的退化过程中,土壤全磷并没有发生显著的变化。与湿地草甸相比,土壤蔗糖酶、脱氢酶、脲酶和酸性磷酸酶活性均显著降低,其活性分别降低了32.69%,36.71%,50.00%,44.28%,由旱田系统恢复为湿地草甸系统后,土壤各种酶活性均显著增加,其中土壤蔗糖酶、脱氢酶、脲酶和酸性磷酸酶活性分别比旱田系统增加了26.68%,31.51%,48.19%,43.84%;表明由湿地草甸开垦为耕地和由耕地恢复为湿地草甸和林地,发生着两种不同的生物学过程,前者为微生物降解过程,而后者则为微生物累积过程。相关性分析表明SOC,TN和SMBC对土壤蔗糖酶、脱氢酶、脲酶和酸性磷酸酶活性的贡献为正,对土壤酶活性起到主导作用。主成分分析表明影响土壤酶活性最主要的因子为SOC,TN和SMBC。
The wetlands in the Sanjiang Ecology Station of Chinese Academy of Sciences were selected as the study sites, the characteristics of soil enzyme activities and nutrients under different types of land use, including wetland ecosystem, dryland ecosystem, conversion of dryland to wetland, conversion of dryland to forestland, were investigated. The results showed that there was a great significance difference in soil enzyme activities(invertase, urease, phosphatase and catalase) and soil nutrients. Soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, total potassium, available phosphorus, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen showed the same change trend among these land use types, which decreased in the order: wetland ecosystem>conversion from dryland to wetland>conversion from dryland to forestland>dryland ecosystem. When the reclaimed dryland was recovered to wetland, soil nutrients gradually decreased, while there was no significantly difference in total phosphorus(p>0.05). Compare to wetland ecosystem, invertase, urease, phosphatase, and catalase decreased by 32.69%, 36.71%, 50.00% and 44.28%, respectively. However, after the dryland ecosystem was converted to wetland ecosystem, soil enzyme activities increased, and invertase, urease, phosphatase, and catalase increased by 26.68%, 31.51%, 48.19% and 43.84%, respectively, suggesting that there were two different biological processes, one was the microbial degradation process after the dryland ecosystem was converted to wetland ecosystem, the other was the microbial accumulation process after the wetland ecosystem was converted to dryland ecosystem. Correlation analysis showed that soil organic carbon, soil total nitrogen and soil microbial biomass carbon had the negative correlation with soil enzyme activities. Principal component analysis showed that soil organic carbon, soil total nitrogen and soil microbial biomass carbon were the main driving factors on soil enzyme activities in wetlands of Sanjiang Plain.
The wetlands in the Sanjiang Ecology Station of Chinese Academy of Sciences were selected as the study sites, the characteristics of soil enzyme activities and nutrients under different types of land use, including wetland ecosystem, dryland ecosystem, conversion of dryland to wetland, conversion of dryland to forestland, were investigated. The results showed that there was a great significance difference in soil enzyme activities(invertase, urease, phosphatase and catalase) and soil nutrients. Soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, total potassium, available phosphorus, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen showed the same change trend among these land use types, which decreased in the order: wetland ecosystem>conversion from dryland to wetland>conversion from dryland to forestland>dryland ecosystem. When the reclaimed dryland was recovered to wetland, soil nutrients gradually decreased, while there was no significantly difference in total phosphorus(p>0.05). Compare to wetland ecosystem, invertase, urease, phosphatase, and catalase decreased by 32.69%, 36.71%, 50.00% and 44.28%, respectively. However, after the dryland ecosystem was converted to wetland ecosystem, soil enzyme activities increased, and invertase, urease, phosphatase, and catalase increased by 26.68%, 31.51%, 48.19% and 43.84%, respectively, suggesting that there were two different biological processes, one was the microbial degradation process after the dryland ecosystem was converted to wetland ecosystem, the other was the microbial accumulation process after the wetland ecosystem was converted to dryland ecosystem. Correlation analysis showed that soil organic carbon, soil total nitrogen and soil microbial biomass carbon had the negative correlation with soil enzyme activities. Principal component analysis showed that soil organic carbon, soil total nitrogen and soil microbial biomass carbon were the main driving factors on soil enzyme activities in wetlands of Sanjiang Plain.
引文
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[19]李丽娜,滕应,任文杰,等.石墨烯施用后对土壤酶活性及土壤微生物群落的影响[J].土壤,2016,48(1):102-108.
[20]孟庆阳,王永华,靳海洋,等.耕作方式与秸秆还田对砂姜黑土土壤酶活性及冬小麦产量的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2016,36(3):341-346.
[21]胡乃娟,韩新忠,杨敏芳,等.秸秆还田对稻麦轮作农田活性有机碳组分含量、酶活性及产量的短期效应[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(2):371-377.
[22]陈鸿飞,庞晓敏,张仁,等.不同水肥运筹对再生季稻根际土壤酶活性及微生物功能多样性的影响[J].作物学报,2017,43(10):1507-1517.
[23]段雄伟,刘亚玲,黎华寿,等.高氯酸盐和铬复合污染对土壤酶活性及微生物数量的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2014,33(2):322-331.
[24]司鹏,乔宪生.清耕和生草对沙地葡萄园土壤酶活性的空间影响[J].果树学报,2014,31(2):238-244.
[25]王文锋,李春花,黄绍文,等.不同施肥模式对设施菜田土壤酶活性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(3):873-882.
[26]张鑫,耿玉清,徐明,等.鄱阳湖湖滨湿地土壤酶活性及影响因素[J].北京林业大学学报,2014,36(1):34-40.
[2]王彦峰,肖波,王兵,等.黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错区藓结皮对土壤酶活性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(11):3553-3561.
[3]杨航宇,刘艳梅,王廷璞.荒漠区生物土壤结皮对土壤酶活性的影响[J].土壤学报,2015(3):654-664.
[4]萨如拉,高聚林,于晓芳,等.玉米秸秆深翻还田对土壤有益微生物和土壤酶活性的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,2014,28(7):138-143.
[5]胡雷,王长庭,王根绪,等.三江源区不同退化演替阶段高寒草甸土壤酶活性和微生物群落结构的变化[J].草业学报,2014,24(3):8-12.
[6]杨文彬,耿玉清,王冬梅.漓江水陆交错带不同植被类型的土壤酶活性[J].生态学报,2015,35(14):4604-4612.
[7]褚洪龙,李莎,唐明.黄土高原油松根际土壤酶活性及真菌群落多样性研究:以黄龙山林场为例[J].土壤学报,2015,52(1):154-161.
[8]崔雯雯,宋全昊,高小丽,等.糜子不同种植方式对土壤酶活性及养分的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(1):234-240.
[9]秦燕,何峰,仝宗永,等.刈割对羊草草原土壤酶活性和养分含量的影响[J].草业学报,2016,25(4):55-62.
[10]刘建,邱莉萍,程积民,等.黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错区5种典型草地群落土壤酶活性的研究[J].草地学报,2017,25(1):32-37.
[11]杨媛媛,陈奇伯,黎建强,等.滇中地区常绿阔叶林土壤酶活性与理化因子通径分析[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2017,37(3):86-91.
[12]陈心想,耿增超,王森,等.施用生物炭后土土壤微生物及酶活性变化特征[J].农业环境科学学报,2014,33(4):751-758.
[13]荣勤雷,梁国庆,周卫,等.不同有机肥对黄泥田土壤培肥效果及土壤酶活性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(5):1168-1177.
[14]陈晓丽,王根绪,杨燕,等.山地森林表层土壤酶活性对短期增温及凋落物分解的响应[J].生态学报,2015,35(21):7071-7079.
[15]李彦霖,闫锐,高雪松,等.不同种养废弃物还田对复垦宅基地土壤酶活性和微生物数量的影响[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(2):283-288.
[16]王朋超,孙约兵,徐应明,等.施用磷肥对南方酸性红壤镉生物有效性及土壤酶活性影响[J].环境化学,2016,35(1):150-158.
[17]孙双红,陈立新,李少博,等.阔叶红松林不同演替阶段土壤酶活性与养分特征及其相关性[J].北京林业大学学报,2016,38(2):20-28.
[18]王一,刘彦春,刘世荣.暖温带森林土壤酶活性对增温的响应及其环境解析[J].林业科学研究,2017,31(1):117-124.
[19]李丽娜,滕应,任文杰,等.石墨烯施用后对土壤酶活性及土壤微生物群落的影响[J].土壤,2016,48(1):102-108.
[20]孟庆阳,王永华,靳海洋,等.耕作方式与秸秆还田对砂姜黑土土壤酶活性及冬小麦产量的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2016,36(3):341-346.
[21]胡乃娟,韩新忠,杨敏芳,等.秸秆还田对稻麦轮作农田活性有机碳组分含量、酶活性及产量的短期效应[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(2):371-377.
[22]陈鸿飞,庞晓敏,张仁,等.不同水肥运筹对再生季稻根际土壤酶活性及微生物功能多样性的影响[J].作物学报,2017,43(10):1507-1517.
[23]段雄伟,刘亚玲,黎华寿,等.高氯酸盐和铬复合污染对土壤酶活性及微生物数量的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2014,33(2):322-331.
[24]司鹏,乔宪生.清耕和生草对沙地葡萄园土壤酶活性的空间影响[J].果树学报,2014,31(2):238-244.
[25]王文锋,李春花,黄绍文,等.不同施肥模式对设施菜田土壤酶活性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(3):873-882.
[26]张鑫,耿玉清,徐明,等.鄱阳湖湖滨湿地土壤酶活性及影响因素[J].北京林业大学学报,2014,36(1):34-40.