海洋观测数据在海洋预报和海洋防灾减灾中的适用——以温州市和台州市为例
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摘要
为完善海洋观测体系,提高海洋观测数据在海洋预报和海洋防灾减灾中的适用性,文章以海洋经济较发达和遭受海洋灾害较多的温州市和台州市为例,选取潮位、波浪和水温3个重要海洋观测要素,分析海洋观测数据在海洋预报和海洋防灾减灾中的适用,并提出对策建议。研究结果表明:由于观测时间较短、地理位置特殊和数据代表性不足,海洋观测站的潮位数据未能在台风风暴潮的预报和防灾减灾中有效发挥作用;由于波浪观测仪器布设位置的地形阻挡和观测站少,波浪数据的预报准确性和实际应用不足;个别观测站的水温数据不适用于大面海洋环境和赤潮的预报,且缺少对低温灾害的观测。针对海洋观测数据的实际应用与相关业务脱节的问题,未来应提高观测数据质量、紧密结合当地海洋预报和海洋防灾减灾工作需求、开展重点目标保障预报工作以及加强海洋观测宣传教育。
The paper took Wenzhou and Taizhou as examples,selected tidal level,wave and surface water temperature as important ocean observation elements,analyzed the application of ocean observation data in marine forecasting and marine disaster prevention and mitigation.The results showed that tidal data failed to play an effective role in typhoon storm surge prediction,disaster prevention and mitigation due to short observation time,special geographical location and insufficient representation of data,wave data need to be strengthened in forecast accuracy and practical application,because of the observation instruments laying location and few sites,surface water temperature data from individual observing station were not suitable for predicting of large-scale marine environment and red tide.To solve the above problem,this paper provided some suggestions:the quality of observation data should be improved,the forecast of key guarantee objectives should be developed and the popular science propaganda of ocean observation should be strengthened.
The paper took Wenzhou and Taizhou as examples,selected tidal level,wave and surface water temperature as important ocean observation elements,analyzed the application of ocean observation data in marine forecasting and marine disaster prevention and mitigation.The results showed that tidal data failed to play an effective role in typhoon storm surge prediction,disaster prevention and mitigation due to short observation time,special geographical location and insufficient representation of data,wave data need to be strengthened in forecast accuracy and practical application,because of the observation instruments laying location and few sites,surface water temperature data from individual observing station were not suitable for predicting of large-scale marine environment and red tide.To solve the above problem,this paper provided some suggestions:the quality of observation data should be improved,the forecast of key guarantee objectives should be developed and the popular science propaganda of ocean observation should be strengthened.
引文
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[9] 杨锦坤,武双全,杨扬.海洋观测网规划支撑体系与系统架构设计探讨[J].海洋信息,2015(3):29-33.
[10] 王炜,高艳波,齐连明,等.我国业务化海洋观测发展研究:借鉴美国综合海洋观测系统[J].海洋技术学报,2014,33(6):34-39.
[2] 林春梅,余麒祥,曹宇峰.浅谈海洋台站工作的管理[J].海洋开发与管理,2013,30(4):44-47.
[3] 马林芳,卢益炳,韩小燕.坎门站台风风暴潮特征分析[J].海洋预报,2012,27(6):29-34.
[4] 李宝泰.东海沿岸假潮基本特征[J].海洋通报,2000,19(3):1-7.
[5] 张连秋.整合海洋调查观监测档案信息资源为海洋防灾减灾提供服务[J].海洋信息,2005(3):5-7.
[6] 张少峰,李武全,林明裕,等.涠洲岛海域赤潮发生与海洋水文气象关系初步研究[J].广西科学,2009,16(2):200-202.
[7] 韩小燕,潘晓东,马林芳.浙南沿岸海表面温度分布特征[J].海洋通报,2011,30(6):200-202.
[8] 温玉波.海洋环境观测数据的质量控制研究[J].农业网络信息,2014(2):35-38.
[9] 杨锦坤,武双全,杨扬.海洋观测网规划支撑体系与系统架构设计探讨[J].海洋信息,2015(3):29-33.
[10] 王炜,高艳波,齐连明,等.我国业务化海洋观测发展研究:借鉴美国综合海洋观测系统[J].海洋技术学报,2014,33(6):34-39.