冲绳海槽岩心沉积物稀土元素特征及物源指示
|
摘要
通过对比研究了冲绳海槽南部、中部、北部岩心沉积物的稀土元素(REEs)组成和分异特征,揭示了冲绳海槽不同区域的物源差异。由于火山物质和周围河流携带的陆源物质贡献程度不同,各岩心沉积物REE组成存在显著差异。∑REE、∑LREE具由南至北递减的趋势,北部具相对更高的∑HREE,南部次之。LREEs与HREEs间的分馏程度,LREEs、HREEs内部分馏程度均由南至北依次减小。从粒度、微量元素和稀土特征参数的垂向变化来看,岩心S3物源相对单一,沉积环境随时间变化较小,主要受长江和台湾河流沉积物控制。岩心S10、S9沉积物来源更为复杂多样(特别是S9),沉积环境在时间尺度上发生了较大的变迁。岩心S10层位1主要受黄河和长江沉积物控制,层位2具黄河沉积物和火山物质混合的特征,岩心S9层位1是黄河沉积物和火山物质混合的结果,层位2主要受黄河沉积物控制。
Multiple provenances are confirmed in the Okinawa Trough by a comparative study of the composition and fractionation of rare earth elements(REEs)in the sediment cores from southern,middle,and northern parts of the Trough.Distinctive differences in REEs compositions are discovered in different cores due to the different contribution of terrigenous detrital sediments from surrounding rivers and volcanic sources.The values of∑REE and ∑LREE decrease from south to north,whereas∑HREE values are relatively high in the north and followed by the south as the next.The fractionation degree between LREEs and HREEs,and the internal fractionation degrees of LREEs and HREEs decrease from south to north.The vertical variations in grain size,trace elements and REE characteristic parameters suggest that the sediment provenance of Core S3 was rather simple and the depositional environment was relatively stable.It is mainly controlled by terrigenous materials from the Yangtze River and Taiwan rivers.However,the sediment provenance of Core S10 and Core S9 are quite complicated,especially in the core of S9.Provenance changes remarkably with time.Layer 1 of Core S10 principally came from both the Yangtze River and Yellow River,while the Layer 2 has the mixed characteristics of volcanic materials and Yellow River sediments;The Layer 1 of Core S9 is the mixed deposits of volcanic materials and the Yellow River sediments,whereas the Layer 2 is mainly derived from the terrigenous particulate matters from the Yellow River.
Multiple provenances are confirmed in the Okinawa Trough by a comparative study of the composition and fractionation of rare earth elements(REEs)in the sediment cores from southern,middle,and northern parts of the Trough.Distinctive differences in REEs compositions are discovered in different cores due to the different contribution of terrigenous detrital sediments from surrounding rivers and volcanic sources.The values of∑REE and ∑LREE decrease from south to north,whereas∑HREE values are relatively high in the north and followed by the south as the next.The fractionation degree between LREEs and HREEs,and the internal fractionation degrees of LREEs and HREEs decrease from south to north.The vertical variations in grain size,trace elements and REE characteristic parameters suggest that the sediment provenance of Core S3 was rather simple and the depositional environment was relatively stable.It is mainly controlled by terrigenous materials from the Yangtze River and Taiwan rivers.However,the sediment provenance of Core S10 and Core S9 are quite complicated,especially in the core of S9.Provenance changes remarkably with time.Layer 1 of Core S10 principally came from both the Yangtze River and Yellow River,while the Layer 2 has the mixed characteristics of volcanic materials and Yellow River sediments;The Layer 1 of Core S9 is the mixed deposits of volcanic materials and the Yellow River sediments,whereas the Layer 2 is mainly derived from the terrigenous particulate matters from the Yellow River.
引文
[1] Sibuet J C,Letouzey J,Barbier F,et al.Back arc extension in the Okinawa Trough[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,1987,92(B13):14041-14063.
[2] Rodrigues A C,Grilo A,Riso N,et al.Okinawa trough backarc basin:Early tectonic and magmatic evolution[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth,1998,103(B12):30245-30267.
[3] Dou Y,Yang S,Liu Z,et al.Provenance discrimination of siliciclastic sediments in the middle Okinawa Trough since 30ka:Constraints from rare earth element compositions[J].Marine Geology,2010,275(1-4):212-220.
[4] Dou Y,Yang S,Shi X,et al.Provenance weathering and erosion records in southern Okinawa Trough sediments since 28ka:Geochemical and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic evidences[J].Chemical Geology,2016,425:93-109.
[5] Liu J,Zhu R,Li T,et al.Sediment?magnetic signature of the mid-Holocene paleoenvironmental change in the central Okinawa Trough[J].Marine Geology,2007,239(1-2):19-31.
[6] Diekmann B,Hofmann J,Henrich R,et al.Detrital sediment supply in the southern Okinawa Trough and its relation to sealevel and Kuroshio dynamics during the late Quaternary[J].Marine Geology,2008,255(1):83-95.
[7] Dou Y,Yang S,Liu Z,et al.Clay mineral evolution in the central Okinawa Trough since 28ka:Implications for sediment provenance and paleoenvironmental change[J].Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology,2010,288(1-4):108-117.
[8] Xu Z,Li T,Chang F,et al.Clay-sized sediment provenance change in the northern Okinawa Trough since 22kyr BP and its paleoenvironmental implication[J].Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology,2014,399(2):236-245.
[9] Wang J,Li A,Xu K,et al.Clay mineral and grain size studies of sediment provenances and paleoenvironment evolution in the middle Okinawa Trough since 17 ka[J].Marine Geology,2015,366:49-61.
[10] Xu Z,Li T,Clift P D,et al.Sediment provenance and paleoenvironmental change in the middle Okinawa Trough during the last 18.5ky:Clay mineral and geochemical evidence[J].Quaternary International,2017,440:139-149.
[11]翟世奎,于增慧,杜同军.冲绳海槽中部现代海底热液活动在沉积物中的元素地球化学记录[J].海洋学报,2007,29(1):58-65.[ZHAI Shikui,YU Zenghui,DU Tongjun,et al.Elemental geochemical records of modern seafloor hydrothermal activities in sediments from the central Okinawa Trough[J].Acta Oceanology Sinica,2007,29(1):58-65.]
[12] Xu Z,Li T,Chang F,et al.Sediment provenance discrimination in northern Okinawa Trough during the last 24ka and paleoenvironmental implication:rare earth elements evidence[J].Journal of Rare Earths,2012,30(11):1184-1190.
[13] Haley B A,Klinkhammer G P,Mcmanus J.Rare earth elements in pore waters of marine sediments[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2004,68(6):1265-1279.
[14] Och L M,Müller B,Wichser A,et al.Rare earth elements in the sediments of Lake Baikal[J].Chemical Geology,2014,376(6):61-75.
[15] Klinkhammer G,Elderfield H,Hudson A.Rare earth elements in seawater near hydrothermal vents[J].Nature,1983,305(5931):185-188.
[16] Hoyle J,Elderfield H,Gledhill A,et al.The behaviour of the rare earth elements during mixing of river and sea waters☆[J].Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta,1984,48(1):143-149.
[17] Elderfield H,Upstill-Goddard R,Sholkovitz E R.The rare earth elements in rivers,estuaries,and coastal seas and their significance to the composition of ocean waters[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1990,54(4):971-991.
[18] German C R,Masuzawa T,Greaves M J,et al.Dissolved rare earth elements in the Southern Ocean:Cerium oxidation and the influence of hydrography[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1995,59(8):1551-1558.
[19] Mclennan S M.Rare earth elements and sedimentary rocks:influence of provenance and sedimentary processes[J].Reviews in Mineralogy,1989,21(8):169-200.
[20] Sholkovitz E R,Elderfield H,Szymczak R,et al.Island weathering:river sources of rare earth elements to the Western Pacific Ocean[J].Marine Chemistry,1999,68(1-2):39-57.
[21] Piper D Z,Bau M.Normalized Rare Earth Elements in Water,Sediments,and Wine:Identifying Sources and Environmental Redox Conditions[J].American Journal of Analytical Chemistry,2013,4(10A):69-83.
[22] Yang S Y,Jung H S,Man S C,et al.The rare earth element compositions of the Changjiang(Yangtze)and Huanghe(Yellow)river sediments[J].Earth&Planetary Science Letters,2002,201(2):407-419.
[23] Yang S,Li C,Lee C B,et al.REE geochemistry of suspended sediments from the rivers around the Yellow Sea and provenance indicators[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2003,48(11):1135-1139.
[24]吴明清.冲绳海槽沉积物稀土和微量元素的某些地球化学特征[J].海洋学报,1991,13(1):75-81.[WU Mingqing.Geochemical characteristics of rare earth and trace elements in the sediment of Okinawa Trough[J].Acta Oceanology Sinica,1991,13(1):75-81.]
[25]刘娜,孟宪伟.冲绳海槽中段表层沉积物中稀土元素组成及其物源指示意义[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2004,24(4):37-43.[LIU Na,MENG Xianwei.Characteristics of rare earth elements in surface sediments from the middle Okinawa Trough:implications for provenance of mixed sediments[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2004,24(4):37-43.]
[26]翟世奎,陈志华,徐善民,等.冲绳海槽北部稀土元素沉积地球化学研究[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1996,16(2):47-56.[ZHAI Shikui,CHEN Zhihua,XU Shanmin,et al.Geochemical characteristics of rare earth element in the sediments of north Okinawa Trough[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,1996,16(2):47-56.]
[27]蒋富清,孟庆勇,徐兆凯,等.冲绳海槽北部15kaBP以来沉积物源及控制因素——稀土元素的证据[J].海洋与湖沼,2008,39(2):112-118.[JIANG Fuqing,MENG Qinyong,XU Zhaokai et al.The REE imprint on sediment provenance of the northern Okinawa Trough since the last 15 kaBP.Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2008,39(2):112-118.]
[28]于增慧,杜同军,翟世奎.冲绳海槽中部热液活动区岩心沉积物稀土元素地球化学特征[J].海洋与湖沼,2010,41(5):676-682.[YU Zenghui,DU Tongjun,ZHAI Shikui.Geochemical characteristics of the rare earth element compositions in the sediment core from the hydrothermal fields[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2010,41(5):676-682.]
[29]彭娜娜.17000a以来冲绳海槽中部柱状样S10沉积学特征及其物源环境指示[D].中国科学院研究生院(海洋研究所),2016.[PENG Nana.The characteristics and provenances of core S10sediments in the Central Okinawa Trough:Constrains on the index of paleoenvironment since 17000a[D].The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Institute of Oceanology),2016.]
[30]姜韬.冲绳海槽北部S9柱沉积地球化学特征及其环境指示[D].中国科学院研究生院(海洋研究所),2015.[JIANG Tao.The sedimentary geochemical characteristics of the core S9in the northern Okinawa Trough and their environmental significance during Holocene[D].The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Institute of Oceanology),2015.]
[31]蒋富清,周晓静,李安春,等.δEu_N-ΣREEs图解定量区分长江和黄河沉积物[J].中国科学D辑:地球科学,2008,38(11):1460-1468.[JIANG Fuqing,ZHOU Xiaojing,LI Anchuan,et al.Quantitatively distinguishing sediments from the Yangtze River and the Yellow River usingδEuN-ΣREEs plot[J].Science in China(Series D:Earth Sciences),2008,38(11):1460-1468.]
[32] Li C S,Shi X F,Kao S J,et al.Rare earth elements in finegrained sediments of major rivers from the high-standing island of Taiwan[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2013,69(12):39-47.
[33] Shinjo R,Kato Y.Geochemical constraints on the origin of bimodal magmatism at the Okinawa Trough,an incipient back-arc basin[J].Lithos,2000,54(3-4):117-137.
[34]袁迎如.冲绳海槽的浊流沉积物[J].地质论评,1987,33(6):499-505.[YUAN Yingru.Turbidites in the Okinawa Trough[J].Geological Review,1987,33(6):499-505]
[35] Boynton W V.Chapter 3-cosmochemistry of the rare earth elements:Meteorite studies[J].Developments in Geochemistry,1984,2(2):63-114.
[36] Taylor S R,Mclennan S M.The Continental Crust:Its Composition and Evolution,An Examination of the Geochemical Record Preserved in Sedimentary Rocks[J].Blackwell Scientific Pub.,1985.
[37]赵德博,万世明.冲绳海槽沉积物物源示踪研究进展[J].海洋地质前沿,2015,31(2):32-41.[ZHAO Debo,WAN Shiming.Research progress of tracing sediment sources in Okinawa Trough[J].Marine Geology Frontiers,2015,31(2):32-41.]
[38]秦蕴珊.东海地质[M].科学出版社,1987.[QIN Yunshan.Geology of East China Sea[M].Science Press,1987.]
[39] Iseki K,Okamura K,Kiyomoto Y.Seasonality and composition of downward particulate fluxes at the continental shelf and Okinawa Trough in the East China Sea[J].Deep Sea Research Part II Topical Studies in Oceanography,2003,50(2):457-473.
[40] Katayama H,Watanabe Y.The Huanghe and Changjiang contribution to seasonal variability in terrigenous particulate load to the Okinawa Trough[J].Deep Sea Research Part II:Topical Studies in Oceanography,2003,50(2):475-485.
[41] Liu J P,Xu K H,Li A C,et al.Flux and fate of Yangtze River sediment delivered to the East China Sea[J].Geomorphology,2007,85(3-4):208-224.
[42] Yang S Y,Wang Z B,Dou Y G,et al.A review of sedimentation since the last glacial maximum on the continental shelf of eastern China[J].Geological Society London Memoirs,2014,41(1):293-303.
[43] Milliman J D,Syvitski J P M.Geomorphic/tectonic control of sediment discharge to the ocean:the importance of small mountainous rivers[J].The Journal of Geology,1992,100(5):525-544.
[44] River discharge to the coastal ocean:aglobal synthesis[M].Cambridge University Press,2013.
[45] Machida H.The stratigraphy,chronology and distribution of distal marker-tephras in and around Japan[J].Global and Planetary Change,1999,21(1):71-94.
[46] Tsunogai S,Suzuki T,Kurata T,et al.Seasonal and areal variation of continental aerosol in the surface air over the western North Pacific region[J].Journal of Oceanography,1985,41(6):427-434.
[47]陈建林,马克俭.冲绳海槽火山喷发矿物及其地质意义[J].海洋学研究,1983(2):23-32.[CHEN Jianlin,MA Kejian.Volcanic eruption minerals and their geological significance[J].Oceanographic Research,1983(2):23-32.]
[48] Vital H,Stattegger K,Garbeschoenberg C D.Composition and trace-element geochemistry of detrital clay and heavymineral suites of the lowermost Amazon River;aprovenance study[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,1999,69(3):563-575.
[49] Bhatia M R,Crook K A.Trace element characteristics of graywackes and tectonic setting discrimination of sedimentary basins[J].Contrib Mineral and Petrol,1986,92(2):181-193.
[50] Condie K C.Another look at rare earth elements in shales[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1991,55(9):2527-2531.
[51] Xu K,Milliman J D,Li A,et al.Yangtze-and Taiwan-derived sediments on the inner shelf of East China Sea[J].Continental Shelf Research,2009,29(18):2240-2256.
[52] Bentahila Y,Othman D B,Luck J M.Strontium,lead and zinc isotopes in marine cores as tracers of sedimentary provenance:A case study around Taiwan orogen[J].Chemical Geology,2008,248(1):62-82.
[53] Wei K Y.Leg 195synthesis:site 1202-late quaternary sedimentation and paleoceanography in the southern Okinawa Trough[C]//Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program,scientific results.College Station,TX(Ocean Drilling Program),2006,195(3):1-31.
[54] Jian Z,Wang P,Saito Y,et al.Holocene variability of the Kuroshio current in the Okinawa Trough,northwestern Pacific Ocean[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2000,184(1):305-319.
[2] Rodrigues A C,Grilo A,Riso N,et al.Okinawa trough backarc basin:Early tectonic and magmatic evolution[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth,1998,103(B12):30245-30267.
[3] Dou Y,Yang S,Liu Z,et al.Provenance discrimination of siliciclastic sediments in the middle Okinawa Trough since 30ka:Constraints from rare earth element compositions[J].Marine Geology,2010,275(1-4):212-220.
[4] Dou Y,Yang S,Shi X,et al.Provenance weathering and erosion records in southern Okinawa Trough sediments since 28ka:Geochemical and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic evidences[J].Chemical Geology,2016,425:93-109.
[5] Liu J,Zhu R,Li T,et al.Sediment?magnetic signature of the mid-Holocene paleoenvironmental change in the central Okinawa Trough[J].Marine Geology,2007,239(1-2):19-31.
[6] Diekmann B,Hofmann J,Henrich R,et al.Detrital sediment supply in the southern Okinawa Trough and its relation to sealevel and Kuroshio dynamics during the late Quaternary[J].Marine Geology,2008,255(1):83-95.
[7] Dou Y,Yang S,Liu Z,et al.Clay mineral evolution in the central Okinawa Trough since 28ka:Implications for sediment provenance and paleoenvironmental change[J].Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology,2010,288(1-4):108-117.
[8] Xu Z,Li T,Chang F,et al.Clay-sized sediment provenance change in the northern Okinawa Trough since 22kyr BP and its paleoenvironmental implication[J].Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology,2014,399(2):236-245.
[9] Wang J,Li A,Xu K,et al.Clay mineral and grain size studies of sediment provenances and paleoenvironment evolution in the middle Okinawa Trough since 17 ka[J].Marine Geology,2015,366:49-61.
[10] Xu Z,Li T,Clift P D,et al.Sediment provenance and paleoenvironmental change in the middle Okinawa Trough during the last 18.5ky:Clay mineral and geochemical evidence[J].Quaternary International,2017,440:139-149.
[11]翟世奎,于增慧,杜同军.冲绳海槽中部现代海底热液活动在沉积物中的元素地球化学记录[J].海洋学报,2007,29(1):58-65.[ZHAI Shikui,YU Zenghui,DU Tongjun,et al.Elemental geochemical records of modern seafloor hydrothermal activities in sediments from the central Okinawa Trough[J].Acta Oceanology Sinica,2007,29(1):58-65.]
[12] Xu Z,Li T,Chang F,et al.Sediment provenance discrimination in northern Okinawa Trough during the last 24ka and paleoenvironmental implication:rare earth elements evidence[J].Journal of Rare Earths,2012,30(11):1184-1190.
[13] Haley B A,Klinkhammer G P,Mcmanus J.Rare earth elements in pore waters of marine sediments[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2004,68(6):1265-1279.
[14] Och L M,Müller B,Wichser A,et al.Rare earth elements in the sediments of Lake Baikal[J].Chemical Geology,2014,376(6):61-75.
[15] Klinkhammer G,Elderfield H,Hudson A.Rare earth elements in seawater near hydrothermal vents[J].Nature,1983,305(5931):185-188.
[16] Hoyle J,Elderfield H,Gledhill A,et al.The behaviour of the rare earth elements during mixing of river and sea waters☆[J].Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta,1984,48(1):143-149.
[17] Elderfield H,Upstill-Goddard R,Sholkovitz E R.The rare earth elements in rivers,estuaries,and coastal seas and their significance to the composition of ocean waters[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1990,54(4):971-991.
[18] German C R,Masuzawa T,Greaves M J,et al.Dissolved rare earth elements in the Southern Ocean:Cerium oxidation and the influence of hydrography[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1995,59(8):1551-1558.
[19] Mclennan S M.Rare earth elements and sedimentary rocks:influence of provenance and sedimentary processes[J].Reviews in Mineralogy,1989,21(8):169-200.
[20] Sholkovitz E R,Elderfield H,Szymczak R,et al.Island weathering:river sources of rare earth elements to the Western Pacific Ocean[J].Marine Chemistry,1999,68(1-2):39-57.
[21] Piper D Z,Bau M.Normalized Rare Earth Elements in Water,Sediments,and Wine:Identifying Sources and Environmental Redox Conditions[J].American Journal of Analytical Chemistry,2013,4(10A):69-83.
[22] Yang S Y,Jung H S,Man S C,et al.The rare earth element compositions of the Changjiang(Yangtze)and Huanghe(Yellow)river sediments[J].Earth&Planetary Science Letters,2002,201(2):407-419.
[23] Yang S,Li C,Lee C B,et al.REE geochemistry of suspended sediments from the rivers around the Yellow Sea and provenance indicators[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2003,48(11):1135-1139.
[24]吴明清.冲绳海槽沉积物稀土和微量元素的某些地球化学特征[J].海洋学报,1991,13(1):75-81.[WU Mingqing.Geochemical characteristics of rare earth and trace elements in the sediment of Okinawa Trough[J].Acta Oceanology Sinica,1991,13(1):75-81.]
[25]刘娜,孟宪伟.冲绳海槽中段表层沉积物中稀土元素组成及其物源指示意义[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2004,24(4):37-43.[LIU Na,MENG Xianwei.Characteristics of rare earth elements in surface sediments from the middle Okinawa Trough:implications for provenance of mixed sediments[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2004,24(4):37-43.]
[26]翟世奎,陈志华,徐善民,等.冲绳海槽北部稀土元素沉积地球化学研究[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1996,16(2):47-56.[ZHAI Shikui,CHEN Zhihua,XU Shanmin,et al.Geochemical characteristics of rare earth element in the sediments of north Okinawa Trough[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,1996,16(2):47-56.]
[27]蒋富清,孟庆勇,徐兆凯,等.冲绳海槽北部15kaBP以来沉积物源及控制因素——稀土元素的证据[J].海洋与湖沼,2008,39(2):112-118.[JIANG Fuqing,MENG Qinyong,XU Zhaokai et al.The REE imprint on sediment provenance of the northern Okinawa Trough since the last 15 kaBP.Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2008,39(2):112-118.]
[28]于增慧,杜同军,翟世奎.冲绳海槽中部热液活动区岩心沉积物稀土元素地球化学特征[J].海洋与湖沼,2010,41(5):676-682.[YU Zenghui,DU Tongjun,ZHAI Shikui.Geochemical characteristics of the rare earth element compositions in the sediment core from the hydrothermal fields[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2010,41(5):676-682.]
[29]彭娜娜.17000a以来冲绳海槽中部柱状样S10沉积学特征及其物源环境指示[D].中国科学院研究生院(海洋研究所),2016.[PENG Nana.The characteristics and provenances of core S10sediments in the Central Okinawa Trough:Constrains on the index of paleoenvironment since 17000a[D].The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Institute of Oceanology),2016.]
[30]姜韬.冲绳海槽北部S9柱沉积地球化学特征及其环境指示[D].中国科学院研究生院(海洋研究所),2015.[JIANG Tao.The sedimentary geochemical characteristics of the core S9in the northern Okinawa Trough and their environmental significance during Holocene[D].The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Institute of Oceanology),2015.]
[31]蒋富清,周晓静,李安春,等.δEu_N-ΣREEs图解定量区分长江和黄河沉积物[J].中国科学D辑:地球科学,2008,38(11):1460-1468.[JIANG Fuqing,ZHOU Xiaojing,LI Anchuan,et al.Quantitatively distinguishing sediments from the Yangtze River and the Yellow River usingδEuN-ΣREEs plot[J].Science in China(Series D:Earth Sciences),2008,38(11):1460-1468.]
[32] Li C S,Shi X F,Kao S J,et al.Rare earth elements in finegrained sediments of major rivers from the high-standing island of Taiwan[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2013,69(12):39-47.
[33] Shinjo R,Kato Y.Geochemical constraints on the origin of bimodal magmatism at the Okinawa Trough,an incipient back-arc basin[J].Lithos,2000,54(3-4):117-137.
[34]袁迎如.冲绳海槽的浊流沉积物[J].地质论评,1987,33(6):499-505.[YUAN Yingru.Turbidites in the Okinawa Trough[J].Geological Review,1987,33(6):499-505]
[35] Boynton W V.Chapter 3-cosmochemistry of the rare earth elements:Meteorite studies[J].Developments in Geochemistry,1984,2(2):63-114.
[36] Taylor S R,Mclennan S M.The Continental Crust:Its Composition and Evolution,An Examination of the Geochemical Record Preserved in Sedimentary Rocks[J].Blackwell Scientific Pub.,1985.
[37]赵德博,万世明.冲绳海槽沉积物物源示踪研究进展[J].海洋地质前沿,2015,31(2):32-41.[ZHAO Debo,WAN Shiming.Research progress of tracing sediment sources in Okinawa Trough[J].Marine Geology Frontiers,2015,31(2):32-41.]
[38]秦蕴珊.东海地质[M].科学出版社,1987.[QIN Yunshan.Geology of East China Sea[M].Science Press,1987.]
[39] Iseki K,Okamura K,Kiyomoto Y.Seasonality and composition of downward particulate fluxes at the continental shelf and Okinawa Trough in the East China Sea[J].Deep Sea Research Part II Topical Studies in Oceanography,2003,50(2):457-473.
[40] Katayama H,Watanabe Y.The Huanghe and Changjiang contribution to seasonal variability in terrigenous particulate load to the Okinawa Trough[J].Deep Sea Research Part II:Topical Studies in Oceanography,2003,50(2):475-485.
[41] Liu J P,Xu K H,Li A C,et al.Flux and fate of Yangtze River sediment delivered to the East China Sea[J].Geomorphology,2007,85(3-4):208-224.
[42] Yang S Y,Wang Z B,Dou Y G,et al.A review of sedimentation since the last glacial maximum on the continental shelf of eastern China[J].Geological Society London Memoirs,2014,41(1):293-303.
[43] Milliman J D,Syvitski J P M.Geomorphic/tectonic control of sediment discharge to the ocean:the importance of small mountainous rivers[J].The Journal of Geology,1992,100(5):525-544.
[44] River discharge to the coastal ocean:aglobal synthesis[M].Cambridge University Press,2013.
[45] Machida H.The stratigraphy,chronology and distribution of distal marker-tephras in and around Japan[J].Global and Planetary Change,1999,21(1):71-94.
[46] Tsunogai S,Suzuki T,Kurata T,et al.Seasonal and areal variation of continental aerosol in the surface air over the western North Pacific region[J].Journal of Oceanography,1985,41(6):427-434.
[47]陈建林,马克俭.冲绳海槽火山喷发矿物及其地质意义[J].海洋学研究,1983(2):23-32.[CHEN Jianlin,MA Kejian.Volcanic eruption minerals and their geological significance[J].Oceanographic Research,1983(2):23-32.]
[48] Vital H,Stattegger K,Garbeschoenberg C D.Composition and trace-element geochemistry of detrital clay and heavymineral suites of the lowermost Amazon River;aprovenance study[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,1999,69(3):563-575.
[49] Bhatia M R,Crook K A.Trace element characteristics of graywackes and tectonic setting discrimination of sedimentary basins[J].Contrib Mineral and Petrol,1986,92(2):181-193.
[50] Condie K C.Another look at rare earth elements in shales[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1991,55(9):2527-2531.
[51] Xu K,Milliman J D,Li A,et al.Yangtze-and Taiwan-derived sediments on the inner shelf of East China Sea[J].Continental Shelf Research,2009,29(18):2240-2256.
[52] Bentahila Y,Othman D B,Luck J M.Strontium,lead and zinc isotopes in marine cores as tracers of sedimentary provenance:A case study around Taiwan orogen[J].Chemical Geology,2008,248(1):62-82.
[53] Wei K Y.Leg 195synthesis:site 1202-late quaternary sedimentation and paleoceanography in the southern Okinawa Trough[C]//Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program,scientific results.College Station,TX(Ocean Drilling Program),2006,195(3):1-31.
[54] Jian Z,Wang P,Saito Y,et al.Holocene variability of the Kuroshio current in the Okinawa Trough,northwestern Pacific Ocean[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2000,184(1):305-319.