摘要
通过一年静态培养试验,研究了牛骨粉对碱性和酸性Cd污染土壤钝化修复效应及土壤基本理化性质、肥力和酶活性的影响.结果表明,与对照相比,投加牛骨粉后碱性土壤有机质和含水率分别降低了5.4%~14.3%和0.29%~3.04%,而土壤阳离子交换量(CEC)增加了10.8%~18.9%;在酸性土壤中,添加牛骨粉后土壤pH、有机质和CEC分别较对照增加了0.70~1.42、0.4%~6.7%和1.1%~3.4%,含水率则下降了0.75%~2.58%.两种土壤有机碳红外光谱特征峰相似,图谱形状基本一致,但强度存在不同程度的差异.施用牛骨粉后土壤总氮、总磷和全钾含量均有所提高,其中,碱性土壤最大分别增加了39.8%、345.2%和3.4%,酸性土壤最大分别增加了61.0%、612.9%和5.1%.铵态氮、硝态氮、有效磷、速效钾含量均随牛骨粉施加量的增加而增加.土壤中TCLP(toxicity characteristic leaching procedure)提取态Cd含量随牛骨粉投加量增加而降低,与对照相比,酸性和碱性土壤分别减少了38.9%~71.9%和8.6%~18.2%.施加牛骨粉整体上促进了土壤过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶和尿酶活性(仅碱性土壤脲酶活性受到抑制).在碱性土壤中,土壤有效态Cd含量与pH、有机质、含水率、有效磷和速效钾呈显著正相关(p<0.01),而与阳离子交换量、全氮、全磷、过氧化氢酶表现为显著负相关(p<0.01).在酸性土壤中,土壤有效态Cd含量与pH、有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、有效磷、速效钾、过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶呈显著负相关(p<0.01),而与含水率呈显著正相关(p<0.01).综合评价表明,采用牛骨粉原位钝化修复Cd污染土壤有效可行.
One year of static culture experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of bovine bone meal on the immobilization remediation effect, basic physical and chemical properties, soil fertility and enzyme activity of alkaline and acid Cd contaminated soil was studied. The results showed that when compared with the control, organic matter and moisture content in alkaline soil under the application of bovine bone meal decreased from 5.4% to 14.3%, and 0.29% to 3.04%, respectively, while soil cation exchange capacity(CEC) reduced by 10.8% to 18.9%. For acidic soil, soil pH, organic matter and CEC content increased by 0.70~1.42, 0.4%~6.7% and 1.1%~3.4%, while moisture content decreased by 0.75%~2.58%. Both acid and alkaline soil shared similarity in characteristic peak of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) and the shape of spectra was basically the same, but it existed some differences in intensity. Under bovine bone meal treated soils, the maximum increase of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium were obtained, being 39.8%, 345.2% and 3.4%, respectively, for alkaline soil, and 61.0%, 612.9% and 5.1%, respectively, for acidic soil in comparison with CK. The content of ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, available phosphorus and quick-acting potassium was increased with the increasing of bovine bone meal. The content of toxicity characteristic leaching procedure(TCLP)-Cd in the acid and alkaline soils decreased with the increase of bovine bone meal addition, resulting in 38.9%~71.9% and 8.6%~18.2% reduction, respectively when compared with CK. As a whole, the activity of catalase, peroxidase and urease under the application of bovine bone meal was increased(except for the activity of urease in alkaline soil). In alkaline soil, the content of TCLP-Cd showed an extremely significant positive correlation with pH, organic matter, moisture content, available phosphorus and available potassium(p<0.01), while it exhibited highly significant negative correlation with CEC, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and catalase(p<0.01). In acid soil, the content of available Cd showed an extremely significant negative correlation with pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, available phosphorus, available potassium, catalase and peroxidase(p<0.01), but it was significant positive correlation with moisture content(p<0.01). Therefore, using bovine bone meal is efficient for remediation of Cd contaminated soil.
引文
Buondonno A,Amenta P,Viscarra-Rossel R A,et al.2012.Prediction of soil properties with PLSR and vis-NIR spectroscopy:Application to mediterranean soils from Southern Italy[J].Current Analytical Chemistry,8(2):283-299
Cao X,Ma L Q,Rhue D R,et al.2004.Mechanisms of lead,copper,and zinc retention by phosphate rock[J].Environmental Pollution,131(3):435-444
Chan K Y,Van Zwieten L,Meszaros I,et al.2008.Using poultrylitter biochars as soil amendments[J].Soil Research,46(5):437-444
Chen H S,Huang Q Y,Liu L N,et al.2010.Poultry manure compost alleviates the phytotoxicity of soil cadmium:Influence on growth of Pakchoi[J].Pedosphere,20(1):63-70
陈钦程,徐福利,王渭玲,等.2014.秦岭北麓不同林龄华北落叶松土壤速效钾变化规律[J].植物营养与肥料学报,20(5):1244-1250
陈世宝,朱永官,杨俊诚.2003.土壤-植物系统中磷对重金属生物有效性的影响机制[J].环境工程学报,4(8):1-7
陈英旭.2001.环境学[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社
Chu C W,Poon C S.1999.The feasibility of planting on stabilized sludge-amended soil[J].Environment International,25(4):465-477
Clemente R,Dickinson N M,Lepp N W.2008.Mobility of metals and metalloids in a multi-element contaminated soil 20years after cessation of the pollution source activity[J].Environmental Pollution,155(2):254-261
Condron L M,Goh K M.2010.Effects of long-term phosphatic fertilizer applications on amounts and forms of phosphorus in soils under irrigated pasture in New Zealand[J].European Journal of Soil Science,40(2):383-395
Cui W,Liu J.2010.Study on the differences of village-level spatial variability of agricultural soil available K in the typical black soil regions of Northeast China[Z].674-681
崔红标,何静,吴求刚,等.2017.不同粒径羟基磷灰石对污染土壤铜镉磷有效性和酶活性的影响[J].环境科学研究,30(7):1146-1153
Darusman L R S,Whitney D A,Janssen K A,et al.1991.Soil properties after twenty years of fertilization with different nitrogen sources[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,55(4):1097-1100
杜彩艳,祖艳群,李元.2005.pH和有机质对土壤中镉和锌生物有效性影响研究[J].云南农业大学学报(自然科学),20(4):539-543
高菲.2017.基于脂质特异性的不同动物源性饲料光谱鉴别方法与模型[D].北京:中国农业大学
高璟赟.2010.稻田土壤氧化酶活性与有机碳转化关系研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学
关松荫.1986.土壤酶及其研究法[M].北京:农业出版社
郭荣荣,袁旭音,陈红燕,等.2014.骨炭对复合污染土壤生物活性的修复及其时间效应[J].农业环境科学学报,33(5):913-919
Hafsteinsdóttir E G,Fryirs K A,Stark S C,et al.2014.Remediation of metal-contaminated soil in polar environments:Phosphate fixation at Casey Station,East Antarctica[J].Applied Geochemistry,51:33-43
He Q B,Singh B R.1994.Crop uptake of cadmium from phosphorus fertilizers:I.Yield and cadmium content[J].Water Air & Soil Pollution,74(3/4):251-265
胡宁静,骆永明,宋静.2010.长江三角洲地区典型土壤对镉的吸附及其与有机质、pH和温度的关系[J].土壤学报,44(2):437-443
贾可,刘建玲,廖文华,等.2005.磷肥在油菜和大白菜上的产量效应及土壤磷素的化学行为研究[J].河北农业大学学报,28(4):10-13
蒋建军,徐军,贺军亮,等.2009.基于有机质诊断指数的土壤镉含量反演方法研究[J].土壤学报,46(1):177-182
康宏宇,林健,张乃明,等.2015.不同钝化材料对重金属污染土壤的钝化效果研究[J].中国农学通报,31(35):176-180
Kuo S,Mcneal B L.1984.Effects of pH and phosphate on cadmium sorption by a hydrous ferric oxide 1[J].Journal of the Soil Science Society of America,48(5):1040-1044
Lehmann J,Liang B,Solomon D,et al.2005.Near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy for mapping nano-scale distribution of organic carbon forms in soil:Application to black carbon particles[J].Global Biogeochemical Cycles,19(1):DOI:10.1029/2004GB002435
梁媛,王晓春,曹心德.2012.基于磷酸盐、碳酸盐和硅酸盐材料化学钝化修复重金属污染土壤的研究进展[J].环境化学,31(1):16-25
林成谷.1983.土壤学:北方本[M].北京:农业出版社
林大松,徐应明,孙国红,等.2007.土壤pH、有机质和含水氧化物对镉、铅竞争吸附的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,26(2):510-515
林继雄,林葆,艾卫.1995.磷肥后效与利用率的定位试验[J].中国土壤与肥料,(6):1-5
刘洪杰.1991.酸性淋洗对土壤有机质和粘粒含量的影响[J].环境科学,12(2):42-44
Liu L,Chen H S,Cai P,et al.2009.Immobilization and phytotoxicity of Cd in contaminated soil amended with chicken manure compost[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,163(2):563-567
Madari B E,Iii J B R,Machado P L O A,et al.2006.Mid- and near-infrared spectroscopic assessment of soil compositional parameters and structural indices in two Ferralsols[J].Geoderma,136(1):245-259
Mclaughlin M J,Tiller K G,Naidu R,et al.1996.Review:the behaviour and environmental impact of contaminants in fertilizers[J].Soil Research,34(1):3091-3102
Mercik S,Németh K.1985.Effects of 60-year N,P,K and Ca fertilization on EUF-nutrient fractions in the soil and on yields of rye and potato crops[J].Plant & Soil,83(1):151-159
Mercik S,Stepien W,?abetowicz J.2015.The fate of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in long-term experiments in Skierniewice[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science,163(3):273-277
Merry R H,Tiller K G,Alston A M.1986.The effects of contamination of soil with copper,lead and arsenic on the growth and composition of plants[J].Plant & Soil,95(2):255-269
Ondrasek G,Romic D,Rengel Z,et al.2009.Cadmium accumulation by muskmelon under salt stress in contaminated organic soil[J].Science of the Total Environment,407(7):2175-2182
庞夙,陶晓秋,张英,等.2012.会理县新植烟区土壤速效钾含量空间变异特征及其影响因子[J].中国烟草科学,33(1):32-36
Park J H,Bolan N S,Chung J W,et al.2011.Environmental monitoring of the role of phosphate compounds in enhancing immobilization and reducing bioavailability of lead in contaminated soils[J].Journal of Environmental Monitoring,13(8):2234-2242
Pérezdemora A,Madejón E,Burgos P,et al.2006.Trace element availability and plant growth in a mine-spill contaminated soil under assisted natural remediation[J].Science of the Total Environment,363(1):38-45
Pracilio G,Adams M L,Smettem K R J,et al.2006.Determination of spatial distribution patterns of clay and plant available potassium contents in surface soils at the farm scale using high resolution gamma ray spectrometry[J].Plant & Soil,282(1/2):67-82
邱静,李凝玉,胡群群,等.2009.石灰与磷肥对籽粒苋吸收镉的影响[J].生态环境学报,18(1):187-192
Raicevic S,Kaludjerovicradoicic T,Zouboulis A I.2005.In situ stabilization of toxic metals in polluted soils using phosphates:theoretical prediction and experimental verification[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,117(1):41-53
Rasmussen P E,Rohde C R.1988.Long-term tillage and nitrogen fertilization effects on organic nitrogen and carbon in a semiarid soil[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,52(52):1114-1117
Ryan J A,Zhang P,Hesterberg D,et al.2001.Formation of chloropyromorphite in a lead-contaminated soil amended with hydroxyapatite[J].Environmental Science & Technology,35(18):3798-3803
Singh B R.1990.Cadmium and fluoride uptake by oats and rape from phosphate fertilizers in two different soils[J].Norwegian Journal of Agricultural Sciences:4(3):239-249
Sohi S P,Krull E,Lopez-Capel E,et al.2010.A review of biochar and its use and function in soil[J].Advances in Agronomy,105:47-82
Solomon D,Lehmann J,Kinyangi J,et al.2005.Carbon K-edge NEXAFS and FTIR-ATR spectroscopic investigation of organic carbon speciation in soils[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,13(69):107-119
Sparrow L A,Salardini A A,Bishop A C.1993.Field studies of cadmium in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.).Response of cvv.Russet burbank and kennebec to two double superphosphates of different cadmium concentration[J].Australian Journal of Agricultural Research,44(4):855-861
宋波,曾炜铨.2015.土壤有机质对镉污染土壤修复的影响[J].土壤通报,46(4):1018-1024
Song J,Guo Z,Xiao X,et al.2009.Environmental availability and profile characteristics of arsenic,cadmium,lead and zinc in metal-contaminated vegetable soils[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,19(3):765-772
宋震震,李絮花,李娟,等.2014.有机肥和化肥长期施用对土壤活性有机氮组分及酶活性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,(3):525-533
宋正国,徐明岗,刘平,等.2006.钙锌钾共存对赤红壤镉吸附的影响[J].生态环境,15(5):993-996
孙约兵,徐应明,史新,等.2012.污灌区镉污染土壤钝化修复及其生态效应研究[J].中国环境科学,32(8):1467-1473
Topa? F O,Ba?kaya H S,Alkan U.2008.The effects of fly ash incorporation on some available nutrient contents of wastewater sludges[J].Bioresource Technology,99(5):1057-1065
王灿,王德建,孙瑞娟,等.2008.长期不同施肥方式下土壤酶活性与肥力因素的相关性[J].生态环境学报,17(2):688-692
王林,徐应明,孙国红,等.2012.海泡石和磷酸盐对镉铅污染稻田土壤的钝化修复效应与机理研究[J].生态环境学报,21(2):314-320
王朋超,孙约兵,徐应明,等.2016.施用磷肥对南方酸性红壤镉生物有效性及土壤酶活性影响[J].环境化学,35(1):150-158
王亚男,曾希柏,俄胜哲,等.2013.施肥对设施菜地氨氧化细菌群落和丰度的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,31(12):2425-2432
温琰茂,鲁艳兵.1999.施用城市污泥的土壤重金属生物有效性[J].中山大学学报:自然科学版,38(4):97-101
翁娜,韩潇.2016.重金属污染对土壤酶活性影响的研究进展[J].农业开发与装备,(10):34-35
Wu C,Luo Y,Deng S,et al.2014.Spatial characteristics of cadmium in topsoils in a typical e-waste recycling area in southeast China and its potential threat to shallow groundwater[J].Science of the Total Environment,472:556-561
Xu Y,Schwartz F W,Traina S J.1994.Sorption of Zn2+ and Cd2+ on hydroxyapatite surfaces[J].Environmental Science & Technology,28(8):1472-1480
徐明岗,刘平,宋正国,等.2006.施肥对污染土壤中重金属行为影响的研究进展[J].农业环境科学学报,25(s1):328-333
Yang G,Xia J,Liang M,et al.2012.An approach for assessing soil health:a practical guide for optimal ecological management[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,65(1):153-159
杨刚,李辉,程东波,等.2017.基于傅里叶红外光谱的钢渣微粉修复重金属污染土壤效果软测量模型[J].光谱学与光谱分析,37(3):743-748
张彦才,李若楠,王丽英,等.2008.磷肥对日光温室番茄磷营养和产量及土壤酶活性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,14(6):1193-1199
Zhao A,Zhang X.1997.Effect of phosphate adsorption on positive and negative charges of variable charge soils[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,34:123-129
赵步洪,张洪熙,奚岭林,等.2006.杂交水稻不同器官镉浓度与累积量[J].中国水稻科学,20(3):306-312
周广业,阎龙翔.1993.长期施用不同肥料对土壤磷素形态转化的影响[J].土壤学报,(4):443-446
周航,周歆,曾敏,等.2014.2种组配改良剂对稻田土壤重金属有效性的效果[J].中国环境科学,34(2):437-444
周世伟,徐明岗.2007.磷酸盐修复重金属污染土壤的研究进展[J].生态学报,27(7):3043-3050
左清青,王烁康,赵陈晨,等.2017.纳米羟基磷灰石对镉的吸附解吸及对镉污染土壤修复研究[J].环境工程,35(3):179-183