基于个体出行视角的城市交通碳减排研究
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摘要
基于514份武汉市居民出行碳足迹问卷调查,运用结构方程模型探讨居民出行碳排放的影响因素,从满意度的视角分析居民对公共交通出行的满意程度。研究发现:小汽车拥有、通勤距离、社区公共与服务中心混乱度、社区位置、公交站点位置与通勤公交可达性是居民出行碳排放的影响因素,居民对地铁出行各项指标处在较满意之上,而对地面公交出行大部分指标处于不太满意与比较满意的区间内,对公交线路拥堵情况不满意。结果表明,减少小汽车的保有量、适当限制小汽车的通行、创建紧凑型城市、合理配置建设用地、提高居住社区土地混合度和完善公共交通布局能有效减少碳排放量。
Based on results of 514 questionnaires collecting the carbon footprint data of residents in Wuhan City,this paper used the structural equation model to study the factors affecting residents' carbon emission,and analyzed the residents' satisfaction with public transportation from the perspective of satisfaction theory. The results showed that: Factors including the ownership of cars,the commuting distance,the degree of chaos in community public service centers,community location,bus station location and bus accessibility influenced the residents' carbon emissions. Residents were more satisfied with the various indicators of subway travel,and most of the indicators of bus travel were in a range that was dissatisfactory and satisfactory. Residents were also dissatisfied with the congestion of bus lines. The major conclusion derived from the research could be summarized as follows: The reduction in cars quantity,the appropriate traffic control,the creation of compact cities,the optimal allocation of construction land,the improvement of the degree of mixed land in residential community,and the improvement of public transport layout could effectively reduce the carbon emissions.
Based on results of 514 questionnaires collecting the carbon footprint data of residents in Wuhan City,this paper used the structural equation model to study the factors affecting residents' carbon emission,and analyzed the residents' satisfaction with public transportation from the perspective of satisfaction theory. The results showed that: Factors including the ownership of cars,the commuting distance,the degree of chaos in community public service centers,community location,bus station location and bus accessibility influenced the residents' carbon emissions. Residents were more satisfied with the various indicators of subway travel,and most of the indicators of bus travel were in a range that was dissatisfactory and satisfactory. Residents were also dissatisfied with the congestion of bus lines. The major conclusion derived from the research could be summarized as follows: The reduction in cars quantity,the appropriate traffic control,the creation of compact cities,the optimal allocation of construction land,the improvement of the degree of mixed land in residential community,and the improvement of public transport layout could effectively reduce the carbon emissions.
引文
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[25]Aditjandra P T,Cao X J,Mulley C. Understanding Neighbourhood Design Impact on Travel Behaviour:An Application of Structural Equations Model to a British Metropolitan Data[J]. Transportation Research Part A:Policy and Practice,2012,46(1)∶22-32.
[26]Cervero R,Murakami J. Effects of Built Environments on Vehicle Miles Traveled:Evidence from 370 US Urbanized Areas[J]. Environment and Planning A,2010,42(2)∶400-418.
[27]方敏,黄正峰.结构方程模型下非正态数据的处理[J].中国卫生统计,2010,27(1)∶84-87.
[28]吴明隆.结构方程模型:AMOS的操作与应用[M].重庆:重庆大学出版社,2010.
[29]刘新燕.顾客满意度指数模型研究[M].北京:中国财政经济出版社,2004.
[2]马静,柴彦威,刘志林.基于居民出行行为的北京市交通碳排放影响机理[J].地理学报,2011,66(8)∶1023-1032.
[3]塔娜,柴彦威,关美宝.建成环境对北京市郊区居民工作日汽车出行的影响[J].地理学报,2015,70(10)∶1675-1685.
[4]孙斌栋,但波.上海城市建成环境对居民通勤方式选择的影响[J].地理学报,2015,70(10)∶1664-1674.
[5]Ma J,Liu Z,Chai Y. The Impact of Urban Form on CO2Emission from Work and Non-Work Trips:The Case of Beijing,China[J].Habitat International,2015,8(47)∶1-10.
[6]肖作鹏,柴彦威,刘志林.北京市居民家庭日常出行碳排放的量化分布与影响因素[J].城市发展研究,2011,18(9)∶104-112.
[7]Brand C,Goodman A,Rutter H,et al. Associations of Individual,Household and Environmental Characteristics with Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Motorized Passenger Travel[J]. Applied Energy,2013,26(104)∶158-169.
[8]马静,刘志林,柴彦威.城市形态与交通碳排放:基于微观个体行为的视角[J].国际城市规划,2013,28(2)∶19-24.
[9]柴彦威,肖作鹏,刘志林.居民家庭日常出行碳排放的发生机制与调控策略——以北京市为例[J].地理研究,2012,31(2)∶334-344.
[10]Brons M,Pels E,Nijkamp,et al. Price Elasticities of Demand for Passenger Air Travel:A Meta-Analysis[J]. Journal of Air Transport Management,2002,8(3)∶165-175.
[11]Korbetis M,Reay D S,Grace J. New Directions:Rich in CO2[J].Atmospheric Environment,2006,40(12)∶3219-322.
[12]黄经南,杜宁睿,刘沛,等.住家周边土地混合度与家庭日常交通出行碳排放影响研究——以武汉市为例[J].国际城市规划,2013,28(2)∶25-30.
[13]赵敏,张卫国,俞立中.上海市居民出行方式与城市交通CO2排放及减排对策[J].环境科学研究,2009,22(6)∶747-752.
[14]石磊,王歧东,付明亮.应用居民出行状况估算北京市机动车污染排放量[J].北京工商大学学报(自然科学版),2009,27(2)∶12-15.
[15]陈飞,诸大建.低碳城市研究的理论方法与上海实证分析[J].城市发展研究,2009,16(10)∶71-79.
[16]刘志林,张艳,柴彦威.中国大城市职住分离现象及其特征:以北京市为例[J].城市发展研究,2009,16(9)∶110-117.
[17]武汉市统计局.武汉市统计年鉴[M].北京,中国统计出版社,2008-2016.
[18]杨选梅,葛幼松,曾红鹰.基于个体消费行为的家庭碳排放研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2010,20(5)∶35-40.
[19]Zahabi S A H,Miranada-Morenol,Patterson Z,et al. Transportation Greenhouse Gas Emissions and its Relationship with Urban Form,Transit Accessibility and Emerging Green Technologies:A Montreal Case Study[J]. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,2012,54(8)∶966-978.
[20]Frank L D,Stone JR B,Bachman W. Linking Land Use with Household Vehicle Emissions in the Central Puget Sound:Methodological Framework and Findings[J]. Transportation Research Part D:Transport and Environment,2000,5(3)∶173-196.
[21]黄晓燕,李沛权,曹小曙.广州社区居民通勤碳排放特征及其影响机理[J].城市环境与城市生态,2014,27(5)∶32-38.
[22]郭璐,城市家庭通勤碳排放研究[D].西安:长安大学硕士学位论文,2012∶55-65.
[23]Bhat C R,Srinivasan S. A Multidimensional Mixed Ordered——Response Model for Analyzing Weekend Activity Participation[J].Transportation Research Part B:Methodological,2005,39(3)∶255-278.
[24]Cao X,Mokhtarian P L,Handy S L. Do Changes in Neighborhood Characteristics Lead to Changes in Travel Behavior? A Structural Equations Modeling Approach[J]. Transportation,2007,34(5)∶535-556.
[25]Aditjandra P T,Cao X J,Mulley C. Understanding Neighbourhood Design Impact on Travel Behaviour:An Application of Structural Equations Model to a British Metropolitan Data[J]. Transportation Research Part A:Policy and Practice,2012,46(1)∶22-32.
[26]Cervero R,Murakami J. Effects of Built Environments on Vehicle Miles Traveled:Evidence from 370 US Urbanized Areas[J]. Environment and Planning A,2010,42(2)∶400-418.
[27]方敏,黄正峰.结构方程模型下非正态数据的处理[J].中国卫生统计,2010,27(1)∶84-87.
[28]吴明隆.结构方程模型:AMOS的操作与应用[M].重庆:重庆大学出版社,2010.
[29]刘新燕.顾客满意度指数模型研究[M].北京:中国财政经济出版社,2004.