不同水生植物对大肠杆菌去除作用的比较研究
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摘要
目前国内外水体污染防治针对病原菌的去除技术研究甚少,基于研究区域内已有的人工湿地和生态沟渠基本配置形式,通过室内常温盆栽试验筛选可高效去除病原菌(总大肠菌群和埃希氏大肠杆菌)的水生植物,并在自然生态沟渠(200 m)进行实地筛选。结果表明:水生植物能通过根系分泌物(降低水体pH)抑制大肠杆菌生存繁殖,并增加湿地拦截吸附能力;大部分水生植物组能有效吸附并去除埃希氏大肠杆菌,其中以水芹去除效果最佳;除香菇草、野茭白外,其他水生植物均能有效去除总大肠菌群;自然生态沟渠中再力花、美人蕉、岩菖蒲对总大肠菌群去除效率较高。总体而言,岩菖蒲、狐尾藻、再力花、水葫芦、美人蕉、水芹对大肠杆菌的去除率较高,可作为适宜的生态沟渠水生植物用于生态防治实践中。
At present, there is little research on the removal technology of pathogenic bacteria in water pollution prevention and control at home and abroad. In this study, following the existing configuration of the artificial wetlands and ecological ditches in the study area, the local aquatic plants were screened to determine the plants having high removal efficiency of fecal indicator bacteria(FIB, including total coliforms and Escherichia coli) by indoor pot experiment at normal temperature, then the screened plants were verified in the local natural 200 m-ecological ditches. The pot experiment results showed that: aquatic plants could significantly regulate the surrounding water environment(releasing root exudates and lowering pH), thereby affecting the survival and reproduction of FIB and increasing the wetland ability of interception and adsorption. Most of the aquatic plants could remove Escherichia coli effectively, and cress performs the best removal efficiency. Total coliforms removal rate of letinousedodes grass, wild Zizaniaare was far below than other plants after 15 cycles. The ditch experiment showed that the removal efficiency of E. coli by Canna and Acoruscalamus were higher than other plants. Overall, Tofieldia, Myriophyllum, water hyacinth, Canna, cress have higher removal rates of total coliforms and Escherichia coli and are the appropriate aquatic plants for removing microbial pollution in the ecological ditches.
At present, there is little research on the removal technology of pathogenic bacteria in water pollution prevention and control at home and abroad. In this study, following the existing configuration of the artificial wetlands and ecological ditches in the study area, the local aquatic plants were screened to determine the plants having high removal efficiency of fecal indicator bacteria(FIB, including total coliforms and Escherichia coli) by indoor pot experiment at normal temperature, then the screened plants were verified in the local natural 200 m-ecological ditches. The pot experiment results showed that: aquatic plants could significantly regulate the surrounding water environment(releasing root exudates and lowering pH), thereby affecting the survival and reproduction of FIB and increasing the wetland ability of interception and adsorption. Most of the aquatic plants could remove Escherichia coli effectively, and cress performs the best removal efficiency. Total coliforms removal rate of letinousedodes grass, wild Zizaniaare was far below than other plants after 15 cycles. The ditch experiment showed that the removal efficiency of E. coli by Canna and Acoruscalamus were higher than other plants. Overall, Tofieldia, Myriophyllum, water hyacinth, Canna, cress have higher removal rates of total coliforms and Escherichia coli and are the appropriate aquatic plants for removing microbial pollution in the ecological ditches.
引文
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[24] Garciagarrido J M,Rejonpalomares A,Ocampo J A,Garciaromera I.Effect of xyloglucan and xyloglucanase activity on the development of the arbuscular mycorrhizal Glomus mosseae[J].Mycological Research,1999,103(7):882-886.
[25] Sharda J N,Koide R T.Can hypodermal passage cell distribution limit root penetration by mycorrhizal fungi?[J].New Phytologist,2008,180(3):696-701.
[26] Gurtler J B,Douds D D,Dirks B A,et al.Survival of Salmonella and E.coli O157:H7 in Soil and Translocation into Leek (Allium porrum) as Influenced by Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (G.intraradices)[J].Applied & Environmental Microbiology,2013,79(6):1813-1820.
[27] 牟金明,李万辉,张凤霞,等.根系分泌物及其作用[J].吉林农业大学学报,1996(4):114-118.
[28] 罗中捷,周卓晟,郝春慧,等.环境胁迫因子对大肠杆菌的影响[J].中国卫生检验杂志,2010(4):939-942.
[29] 李影,魏忠彬,钱爱东.低浓度冰醋酸诱导的鸡源大肠杆菌“活的非可培养状态”[J].中国兽医学报,2007,27(5):645-648.
[2] 沈琰,沈丽娟,胡宁.SERES COLILER～3000型大肠杆菌分析仪的应用与思考[J].仪器仪表与分析监测,2006(3):38-39.
[3] 张召兴,李蕴玉,贾青辉,等.秦皇岛地区狐源致病性E.coli对四环素类药物耐药性和耐药基因的检测[J].河北科技师范学院学报,2016,30(2):55-58.
[4] 刘玉江,程玉花.青州地区禽大肠杆菌病的控制研究[J].中国动物保健,2017,19(2):43-45.
[5] Prüss A,Kay D,Fewtrell L,et al.Estimating the burden of disease from water,sanitation,and hygiene at a global level.[J].Environmental Health Perspectives,2002,110(5):537.
[6] 陈峰滔.试论农村水污染的治理[J].海峡科学,2007(5):75-77.
[7] Xue F,Tang J L,Dong Z X,et al,Tempo-spatial controls of total coliform and E.coli contamination in a subtropical hilly agricultural catchment[J].Agricultural Water Management,2018(200):10-18
[8] 杨勇,魏源送,郑祥,等.北京温榆河流域微生物污染调查研究[J].环境科学学报,2012,32(1):9-18.
[9] 李明,周巧红,吴振斌,等.人工湿地对病原体去除的研究概况[J].环境科学与技术,2011(S2):134-138.
[10] Sun G,Austin D.Completely autotrophic nitrogen-removal over nitrite in lab-scale constructed wetlands:evidence from a mass balance study[J].Chemosphere,2007,68(6):1120.
[11] Chen Z M,Chen B,Zhou J B,et al.A vertical subsurface-flow constructed wetland in Beijing[J].Communications in Nonlinear Science & Numerical Simulation,2008,13(9):1986-1997.
[12] 闫亚男,张列宇,席北斗,等.人工湿地去除病原菌的途径及影响因素分析[J].农业资源与环境学报,2011,28(2):55-59.
[13] Hasler A D,Jones E.Demonstration of the Antagonistic Action of Large Aquatic Plants on Algae and Rotifers[J].Ecology,1949,30(3):359-364.
[14] Rice E L.Allelopathy.2nd ed.Physiological Ecology[M].New York:Academic Press Inc.,1984.
[15] Erickson M C.Internalization of fresh produce by foodborne pathogens[J].Annual Review of Food Science & Technology,2012,3(1):283.
[16] Erickson M C,Webb C C,Diazperez J C,et al.Infrequent internalization of Escherichia coli O157:H7 into field-grown leafy greens[J].J.Food Prot.,2010,73(3):500.
[17] Hirneisen K A,Sharma M,Kniel K E.Human enteric pathogen internalization by root uptake into food crops[J].Foodborne Pathogens & Disease,2012,9(5):396.
[18] Nicholson A M,Gurtler J B,Bailey R B,et al.Influence of mycorrhizal fungi on fate of E.coli O157:H7 and Salmonella in soil and internalization into Romaine lettuce plants[J].International Journal of Food Microbiology,2015(192):95.
[19] 陈靖.农村生活污水大肠杆菌污染防治方法研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2017.
[20] 陈靖,杨红薇,唐家良,等.不同填料对大肠杆菌去除能力的研究[J].环境工程,2017,35(10):20-23,49.
[21] Moore R S,Taylor D H,Reddy M M,et al.Adsorption of reovirus by minerals and soils[J].Applied & Environmental Microbiology,1982,44(4):852-859.
[22] Moore R S,Taylor D H,Sturman L S,et al.Poliovirus adsorption by 34 minerals and soils[J].Applied and Environment Microbiology,1981,42(6):963-975.
[23] Akiyama K,Hayashi H.Strigolactones:Chemical signals for fungal symbionts and parasitic weeds in plant roots[J].Ann Bot,2006,97(6):925-931.
[24] Garciagarrido J M,Rejonpalomares A,Ocampo J A,Garciaromera I.Effect of xyloglucan and xyloglucanase activity on the development of the arbuscular mycorrhizal Glomus mosseae[J].Mycological Research,1999,103(7):882-886.
[25] Sharda J N,Koide R T.Can hypodermal passage cell distribution limit root penetration by mycorrhizal fungi?[J].New Phytologist,2008,180(3):696-701.
[26] Gurtler J B,Douds D D,Dirks B A,et al.Survival of Salmonella and E.coli O157:H7 in Soil and Translocation into Leek (Allium porrum) as Influenced by Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (G.intraradices)[J].Applied & Environmental Microbiology,2013,79(6):1813-1820.
[27] 牟金明,李万辉,张凤霞,等.根系分泌物及其作用[J].吉林农业大学学报,1996(4):114-118.
[28] 罗中捷,周卓晟,郝春慧,等.环境胁迫因子对大肠杆菌的影响[J].中国卫生检验杂志,2010(4):939-942.
[29] 李影,魏忠彬,钱爱东.低浓度冰醋酸诱导的鸡源大肠杆菌“活的非可培养状态”[J].中国兽医学报,2007,27(5):645-648.