陕西关中2018年春季小麦冻害及引发赤霉病调查与分析
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摘要
2018年采用田间调查法对陕西关中地区20个县(区)小麦冻害率及受冻畸形麦穗上赤霉病的发病率进行了调查,并对畸形麦穗上的病原菌进行分离鉴定,分析了冻害的成因和畸形麦穗感病的原因,提出了预防策略。结果显示,陕西关中不同地区小麦受冻害程度不同,西北部地区冻害程度严重,冻害率最高可达24%;由室内鉴定可知,受冻麦穗易感染赤霉病菌引发赤霉病,且相同地区的不同品种及相同品种在不同地区的发病率有较大的差异,西部较湿润地区冻害穗赤霉病发病率达80%以上,东部旱塬地区基本在70%以下。表明小麦冻害及冻害穗上赤霉病严重程度存在地区与品种差异性。
The incidence of wheat frost damage and FHB disease on damaged wheat ears was investigated in the fields in 20 counties(districts) in Guanzhong of Shaanxi in 2018. The pathogen was isolated and identified, the causes and influencing factors of frost damage and the disease were analyzed, and some prevention strategies were proposed. The results showed that the degree of wheat frost damage in different regions of Guanzhong in Shaanxi was different, which was up to 24% in the northwestern part. Indoor identification showed that the damaged ear by frost is highly susceptible to FHB, the disease incidence of different varieties in the same region and the same variety in different regions were all quite different. The incidences of FHB on frost-damaged ear in the humid regions of western areas were all over 80%, and those in the eastern drought areas were below 70%. The results indicated that there were regional and varietal differences in the severity of wheat frost damage and FHB on the frost-damaged ear.
The incidence of wheat frost damage and FHB disease on damaged wheat ears was investigated in the fields in 20 counties(districts) in Guanzhong of Shaanxi in 2018. The pathogen was isolated and identified, the causes and influencing factors of frost damage and the disease were analyzed, and some prevention strategies were proposed. The results showed that the degree of wheat frost damage in different regions of Guanzhong in Shaanxi was different, which was up to 24% in the northwestern part. Indoor identification showed that the damaged ear by frost is highly susceptible to FHB, the disease incidence of different varieties in the same region and the same variety in different regions were all quite different. The incidences of FHB on frost-damaged ear in the humid regions of western areas were all over 80%, and those in the eastern drought areas were below 70%. The results indicated that there were regional and varietal differences in the severity of wheat frost damage and FHB on the frost-damaged ear.
引文
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[2] 郑小华,屈振江,鲁渊平,等.气候变化对陕西省冬小麦种植布局的影响分析[J].干旱地区农业研究,2012,30(3):244-251.
[3] 王新中,欧阳韶辉,于新智,等.陕西关中优质小麦产业化发展之思考[J].粮食加工,2004(6):14-19.
[4] 庞锡富,孙培章,刘洪彬,等.冬小麦霜冻害的成因、表现与防御[J].耕作与栽培,1994(5):43-45.
[5] 曾英,黄祖英,张红娟.气候变化对陕西省冬小麦种植区的影响[J].水土保持通报,2007(5):137-140.
[6] 杨建辉.加强麦田后期管理的五项措施[N].陇东报,2011-06-09(3).
[7] 刘易科,佟汉文,朱展望,等.小麦赤霉病抗性机理研究进展[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(8):1476-1488.
[8] B?NNIGHAUSEN J,SCHAUER N,SCH?FER W,et al.Metabolic profiling of wheat rachis node infection by Fusarium graminearum-decoding deoxynivalenol-dependent susceptibility[J].New Phytologist,2019,221(1):459-469.
[9] 王震,李金秀,张彬,等.赤霉病对陕西省主栽小麦品种品质的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2018,38(5):551-557.
[10] BAI G,SHANER G.Management and resistance in wheat and barley to Fusarium head blight 1[J].Annual Review of Phytopathology,2004,42:135-161.
[11] FOROUD N A,EUDES F.Trichothecenes in cereal grains [J].International Journal of Molecular Sciences,2009,10:147-173.
[12] 张汝通,雷国新,董成森,等.湖南小麦赤霉病菌种类鉴定初报[J].湖南农学院学报,1983(2):71-78.
[13] BOOTH C.The genus Fusarium [M].Commonwealth Mycological Institute,Kew,England,1971.
[14] 李振强.浅析小麦冻害及预防补救措施[J].农业与技术,2018,38(5):108-109.
[15] 王晨阳.我省小麦晚霜冻害的危害特点与防御补救措施[N].河南科技报,2018-04-24(B07).
[16] 农业部小麦专家指导组,农业部油料专家指导组,全国农业技术推广服务中心.2018年春季田管技术看这里[N].农民日报,2018-03-20(8).