膜下滴灌条件下不同补水量对主食化马铃薯生长发育的影响
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摘要
试验通过设置6个不同水平的补水量,研究了在膜下滴灌条件下不同补水量对马铃薯主食化新品种宁薯16号生长发育的影响。结果表明:除苗期外各生育期株高均随着补水量的增加而增加,说明补水在花期以前能够促进了宁薯16号植株快速生长,花期以后能推迟了植株萎缩;蕾期和花期随着补水量的增加,SPAD值均逐渐增大,淀粉积累期和成熟期随着补水量的增加,SPAD值呈现先增加后减少的单峰曲线变化趋势,说明在不同需水量时期不同的补水量对宁薯叶片叶绿素影响不同;各个生育期随着补水量的增加,LAI均是先增加后减小,且均当补水量为2 250m~3/hm~2时LAI达到最大值,进一步加大补水量LAI则逐渐减小;宁薯16号干物质累积量随着生育进程的推进而逐渐增加,表现为慢一快一慢的"S"型曲线,适量补水能显著促进茎、块茎、叶生长,却对根系生长有一定的抑制作用,干物质累积总量随着补水量的增加先增加后减小。综合分析,膜下滴灌条件下最有利于宁薯16号生长发育的补水量为2 250 m~3/hm~2。
By setting 6 different levels of water supplement,this experiment studied the influence of different water supplement on the growth and development of Ningshu 16,a new potato staple food variety,under the condition of drip irrigation under film. The results show that plant height increases with the increase of water supplementation in all growth stages except seedling stage,indicating that water supplementation promotes the rapid growth of Ningshu 16 plant before flowering stage,and delays plant atrophy after flowering stage; SPAD value gradually increases with the increase of water supplementation in bud and flowering stage,and shows a single peak curve change trend of increasing and then decreasing with the increase of water supplementation in starch accumulation stage and mature stage,indicating that different water supplementation has different effects on chlorophyll in Ningshu 16 potato leaves at different water demand periods. With the increase of supplementary water amount in each growth period,LAI first increases and then decreases,and when the supplementary water amount is2 250 m~3/hm~2,LAI reaches its maximum value,and LAI decreases gradually when the supplementary water amount further increases. The dry matter accumulation amount of Ningshu 16 increases gradually with the growth process and shows an "S"curve of slow to fast to slow.Adequate water supplementation can significantly promote the growth of stem,tuber and leaf,but has a certain inhibiting effect on the root growth. According to comprehensive analysis,under drip irrigation under membrane,the water supplement most conducive to the growth and development of Ningshu 6 is 2 250 m~3/hm~2.
By setting 6 different levels of water supplement,this experiment studied the influence of different water supplement on the growth and development of Ningshu 16,a new potato staple food variety,under the condition of drip irrigation under film. The results show that plant height increases with the increase of water supplementation in all growth stages except seedling stage,indicating that water supplementation promotes the rapid growth of Ningshu 16 plant before flowering stage,and delays plant atrophy after flowering stage; SPAD value gradually increases with the increase of water supplementation in bud and flowering stage,and shows a single peak curve change trend of increasing and then decreasing with the increase of water supplementation in starch accumulation stage and mature stage,indicating that different water supplementation has different effects on chlorophyll in Ningshu 16 potato leaves at different water demand periods. With the increase of supplementary water amount in each growth period,LAI first increases and then decreases,and when the supplementary water amount is2 250 m~3/hm~2,LAI reaches its maximum value,and LAI decreases gradually when the supplementary water amount further increases. The dry matter accumulation amount of Ningshu 16 increases gradually with the growth process and shows an "S"curve of slow to fast to slow.Adequate water supplementation can significantly promote the growth of stem,tuber and leaf,but has a certain inhibiting effect on the root growth. According to comprehensive analysis,under drip irrigation under membrane,the water supplement most conducive to the growth and development of Ningshu 6 is 2 250 m~3/hm~2.
引文
[1]买自珍,杨彩玲,米治明.水氮对薯田土壤水分及马铃薯产量的影响[J].节水灌溉,2016(11):28-31.
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[4]白虎,侯英.膜下滴灌技术在马铃薯种植中的应用[J].农业开发与装备,2011,17(4):26-27.
[5]田英,黄志刚,余秀芹.马铃薯需水规律试验研究[J].现代农业科技,2011(8):91-92.
[6]杜建民,王峰,左忠,等.旱地马铃薯根际补灌栽培最佳补灌时期及适宜补灌量研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2009,27(2):129-132.
[7]马金虎,李海洋,杜守宇,等.秋覆膜条件下旱地马铃薯补灌时期与适宜补灌量的研究[J].宁夏农林科技,2011,52(2):10-12.
[8]张朝巍,董博,郭人义,等.补充灌溉对半干旱区马铃薯产量和水分利用效率的影响[J].水土保持通报,2011,31(5):49-53.
[9]王志奇.旱地整薯窝种马铃薯补水补肥试验[J].中国马铃薯,2003,18(5):276-277.
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[13]刘贞琦,刘振业,马达鹏.水稻叶绿素含量及其与光合速率关系的研究[J].作物学报,1984,10(1):57-61.
[14]左宝玉,李世仪,匡廷云.玉米不同层位叶片叶绿体的超微结构和叶绿素含量变化[J].作物学报,1987,13(3):213-217.
[15]朱新开,盛海君,顾晶,等.应用SPAD值预测小麦叶片叶绿素和氮含量的初步研究[J].麦类作物学报,2005,25(2):46-50.
[16]黄瑞冬,王进军,许文娟.玉米和高粱叶片叶绿素含量及动态的比较[J].杂粮作物,2005,25(1):30-31.
[17]徐福荣,汤翠凤,余藤琼,等.利用叶绿素仪SPAD值筛选耐低氮水稻种质[J].分子植物育种,2005,3(5):695-700.
[18]练宏斌.不同耕播措施对旱地春小麦生理生态特性的影响[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2008.
[19]董钻,沈秀英.作物栽培学总论[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[20]高聚林,刘克礼,张宝林,等.马铃薯干物质积累与分配规律的研究[J].中国马铃薯,2003,4(2):209-212.
[2] Rijterra P.E.and A.Aboukhaled.Crop Water Use in the Arab Republic of Egypt.FAO report[J].RHEA Cairo,1973,61-62.
[3]廖佳丽,徐福利,赵世伟.宁南山区施肥对马铃薯生长发育、产量及品质的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2009(4):48-52.
[4]白虎,侯英.膜下滴灌技术在马铃薯种植中的应用[J].农业开发与装备,2011,17(4):26-27.
[5]田英,黄志刚,余秀芹.马铃薯需水规律试验研究[J].现代农业科技,2011(8):91-92.
[6]杜建民,王峰,左忠,等.旱地马铃薯根际补灌栽培最佳补灌时期及适宜补灌量研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2009,27(2):129-132.
[7]马金虎,李海洋,杜守宇,等.秋覆膜条件下旱地马铃薯补灌时期与适宜补灌量的研究[J].宁夏农林科技,2011,52(2):10-12.
[8]张朝巍,董博,郭人义,等.补充灌溉对半干旱区马铃薯产量和水分利用效率的影响[J].水土保持通报,2011,31(5):49-53.
[9]王志奇.旱地整薯窝种马铃薯补水补肥试验[J].中国马铃薯,2003,18(5):276-277.
[10]孙权.农业资源与环境质量分析方法[M].银川:宁夏人民出版社,2004,12.
[11]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[12]刘战东,肖俊夫,于秀琴.不同土壤水分处理对马铃薯形态指标、耗水量及产量的影响[J].中国农村水利水电,2010(8):1-3.
[13]刘贞琦,刘振业,马达鹏.水稻叶绿素含量及其与光合速率关系的研究[J].作物学报,1984,10(1):57-61.
[14]左宝玉,李世仪,匡廷云.玉米不同层位叶片叶绿体的超微结构和叶绿素含量变化[J].作物学报,1987,13(3):213-217.
[15]朱新开,盛海君,顾晶,等.应用SPAD值预测小麦叶片叶绿素和氮含量的初步研究[J].麦类作物学报,2005,25(2):46-50.
[16]黄瑞冬,王进军,许文娟.玉米和高粱叶片叶绿素含量及动态的比较[J].杂粮作物,2005,25(1):30-31.
[17]徐福荣,汤翠凤,余藤琼,等.利用叶绿素仪SPAD值筛选耐低氮水稻种质[J].分子植物育种,2005,3(5):695-700.
[18]练宏斌.不同耕播措施对旱地春小麦生理生态特性的影响[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2008.
[19]董钻,沈秀英.作物栽培学总论[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[20]高聚林,刘克礼,张宝林,等.马铃薯干物质积累与分配规律的研究[J].中国马铃薯,2003,4(2):209-212.