生物有机肥防治烟草青枯病及对土壤微生物多样性的影响
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摘要
为防治烟草青枯病,在邵武地区试验田里施用了一种生物有机肥,考察了该生物肥对烟草青枯病的防治效果,通过对土壤样本的高通量宏基因组测序,研究了该生物肥对烟草根际土壤微生物多样性的影响以及与防治青枯病的初步关系。分析结果表明,施用生物有机肥的试验处理,烟株青枯病病情指数在3次观测中均较对照低,尤其在移栽后95 d时,青枯病病情指数下降了31.43%,而且上等烟比例、最终产量等经济性状较对照高。对土壤样本测序后发现,生物有机肥的施用,提高了烟株根际土壤微生物多样性;不同处理下各样本的土壤细菌和真菌菌群大部分相同,但相对丰度有差别,这与青枯病的发生有着一定的关系。
In this study,field experiment was conducted using a bio-organic fertilizer to prevent the tobacco bacterial wilt in Shaowu region,and the effect of the bio-fertilizer on root rhizosphere soil microbial diversity and the relationship with bacterial wilt control were analyzed though high-throughput metagenomic sequencing method.The results showed that the disease index of fertilization treatment was lower than that of control during the three observation periods,the disease index decreased by 31.43% at 95 d after transplantation,and the economic characteristics of the high quality tobacco and the final yield were higher than those of the control. Sequencing results showed that bio-fertilizer application improved the root rhizosphere soil microbial diversity of tobacco plant(Shannon index increased).Soil bacterial and fungal flora of each sample under different treatments were mostly the same,but the relative abundance was different,which was related to the occurrence of bacterial wilt.
In this study,field experiment was conducted using a bio-organic fertilizer to prevent the tobacco bacterial wilt in Shaowu region,and the effect of the bio-fertilizer on root rhizosphere soil microbial diversity and the relationship with bacterial wilt control were analyzed though high-throughput metagenomic sequencing method.The results showed that the disease index of fertilization treatment was lower than that of control during the three observation periods,the disease index decreased by 31.43% at 95 d after transplantation,and the economic characteristics of the high quality tobacco and the final yield were higher than those of the control. Sequencing results showed that bio-fertilizer application improved the root rhizosphere soil microbial diversity of tobacco plant(Shannon index increased).Soil bacterial and fungal flora of each sample under different treatments were mostly the same,but the relative abundance was different,which was related to the occurrence of bacterial wilt.
引文
[1]霍沁建，张深，王若焱．烟草青枯病研究进展[J]．中国农学通报，2007,23(8):364-368.
[2] Liu Y,Shi J,Feng Y,et al.Tobacco bacterial wilt can be biologically controlled by the application of antagonistic strains in combination with organic fertilizer[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2013,49(4):447-464.
[3]孔凡玉．烟草青枯病的综合防治[J]．烟草科技，2003,(4):42-43.
[4]徐健钦，徐智．不同有机肥对烤烟生长发育产质量及青枯病的影响[J]．云南农业大学学报，2013,28(1):118-123.
[5]李勇，卓东．烟草青枯病综合防治方法及其研究进展[J]．南方农业，2011,(6):43-45.
[6]林先贵，胡君利．土壤微生物多样性的科学内涵及其生态服务功能[J]．土壤学报，2008,45(5):892-900.
[7]屈皖华，李志刚，李健．单施和配施有机物料对沙化土壤微生物群落功能多样性的短期影响[J]．中国土壤与肥料，2017,(4):78-85.
[8]钮旭光，韩梅，韩晓日．宏基因组学：土壤微生物研究的新策略[J]．微生物学通报，2007,(3):576-579.
[9] Shen J P,Zhang L M,Zhu Y G,et al.Abundance and composition of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and ammoniaoxidizing archaea communities of an alkaline sandy loam[J].Environmental Microbiology,2008,10(6):1601-1611.
[10]李清飞，李红丽，王岩，等．烟草青枯病病原菌的分离及其拮抗茵的筛选[J]．河南农业科学，2006,(1):51-53.
[11]李红丽，郭夏丽，李清飞，等．抑制烟草青枯病生物有机肥的研制及其生防效果研究[J]．土壤学报，2010,(4):798-801.
[12]殷全玉，王岩，郭夏丽，等．烤烟根际和非根际土壤微生物典型相关分析[J]．中国烟草科学，2013,34(4):9-15.
[13]何凯，石纹豪，李振轮．生物有机肥防治植物土传病害研究进展[J]．河南农业科学，2014,43(6):1-5.
[14]李俊华，蔡和森，尚杰，等．生物有机肥对新疆棉花黄萎病防治的生物效应[J]．南京农业大学学报，2010,33(6):50-54.
[15]徐文静，靳晓东，杨秋生．植物根际微生物的影响因素研究进展[J]．河南农业科学，2014,43(5):6-12.
[16]王丽丽，石俊雄，袁赛飞，等．微生物有机肥结合土壤改良剂防治烟草青枯病[J]．土壤学报，2013,50(1):150-156.
[17]陈巧玲，胡江，汪汉成，等．生物有机肥对盆栽烟草根际青枯病原菌和短芽孢杆菌数量的影响[J]．南京农业大学学报，2012,35(1):75-79.
[18]于冰，宋阿琳，李冬初，等．长期施用有机和无机肥对红壤微生物群落特征及功能的影响[J]．中国土壤与肥料，2017,(6):58-65.
[2] Liu Y,Shi J,Feng Y,et al.Tobacco bacterial wilt can be biologically controlled by the application of antagonistic strains in combination with organic fertilizer[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2013,49(4):447-464.
[3]孔凡玉．烟草青枯病的综合防治[J]．烟草科技，2003,(4):42-43.
[4]徐健钦，徐智．不同有机肥对烤烟生长发育产质量及青枯病的影响[J]．云南农业大学学报，2013,28(1):118-123.
[5]李勇，卓东．烟草青枯病综合防治方法及其研究进展[J]．南方农业，2011,(6):43-45.
[6]林先贵，胡君利．土壤微生物多样性的科学内涵及其生态服务功能[J]．土壤学报，2008,45(5):892-900.
[7]屈皖华，李志刚，李健．单施和配施有机物料对沙化土壤微生物群落功能多样性的短期影响[J]．中国土壤与肥料，2017,(4):78-85.
[8]钮旭光，韩梅，韩晓日．宏基因组学：土壤微生物研究的新策略[J]．微生物学通报，2007,(3):576-579.
[9] Shen J P,Zhang L M,Zhu Y G,et al.Abundance and composition of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and ammoniaoxidizing archaea communities of an alkaline sandy loam[J].Environmental Microbiology,2008,10(6):1601-1611.
[10]李清飞，李红丽，王岩，等．烟草青枯病病原菌的分离及其拮抗茵的筛选[J]．河南农业科学，2006,(1):51-53.
[11]李红丽，郭夏丽，李清飞，等．抑制烟草青枯病生物有机肥的研制及其生防效果研究[J]．土壤学报，2010,(4):798-801.
[12]殷全玉，王岩，郭夏丽，等．烤烟根际和非根际土壤微生物典型相关分析[J]．中国烟草科学，2013,34(4):9-15.
[13]何凯，石纹豪，李振轮．生物有机肥防治植物土传病害研究进展[J]．河南农业科学，2014,43(6):1-5.
[14]李俊华，蔡和森，尚杰，等．生物有机肥对新疆棉花黄萎病防治的生物效应[J]．南京农业大学学报，2010,33(6):50-54.
[15]徐文静，靳晓东，杨秋生．植物根际微生物的影响因素研究进展[J]．河南农业科学，2014,43(5):6-12.
[16]王丽丽，石俊雄，袁赛飞，等．微生物有机肥结合土壤改良剂防治烟草青枯病[J]．土壤学报，2013,50(1):150-156.
[17]陈巧玲，胡江，汪汉成，等．生物有机肥对盆栽烟草根际青枯病原菌和短芽孢杆菌数量的影响[J]．南京农业大学学报，2012,35(1):75-79.
[18]于冰，宋阿琳，李冬初，等．长期施用有机和无机肥对红壤微生物群落特征及功能的影响[J]．中国土壤与肥料，2017,(6):58-65.