蚂蚱麦和小白麦衍生系的遗传多样性分析
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摘要
陕西关中蚂蚱麦和山西平遥小白麦是我国北方小麦品种的原始骨干亲本,解析蚂蚱麦和小白麦及其衍生系的遗传多样性对于小麦品种改良具有重要的参考意义。本研究利用小麦660KSNP芯片对蚂蚱麦、小白麦及其衍生品种(系)进行全基因组扫描,分析其遗传多样性。结果表明,小麦3个基因组的多态性SNP标记数为B>A>D,第4同源群的多态性标记数最少, 149份供试材料基因多样性(H)范围为0.095～0.500,平均值为0.336;核苷酸多样性指数(π)范围为0.272～0.435,平均值为0.340;而遗传相似系数(GS)变幅为0.335～0.997,平均值达0.619,表明蚂蚱麦和小白麦衍生系的遗传多样性较低。聚类分析表明蚂蚱麦和小白麦紧密地聚在亚群I,其衍生品种(系)分为5个亚群,其中2000年以前以蚂蚱麦或小白麦的单一衍生系为主,分在亚群I、II、III, 2000年以后多数品种同时拥有蚂蚱麦和小白麦血缘,分在亚群IV、V,遗传多样性较高,且与大面积推广品种聚为一类。因此,应加强优异基因资源导入,拓宽小麦品种的遗传基础,最终提高育种水平。
"Mazhamai" originated in Guanzhong region of Shaanxi province, and "Xiaobaimai" in Pingyao county of Shanxi province, two landraces of wheat(Triticum aestivum L.), are the primitive founder parents of wheat cultivars in northern China. The genetic diversity assessment of "Mazhamai", "Xiaobaimai" and their derivative offsprings will be helpful to wheat cultivar improvement. In this study, a wheat 660 K SNP Array was used to perform genome-wide scanning for analyzing genetic diversity of "Mazhamai", "Xiaobaimai" and their derivatives. The polymorphic SNP marker number in three genomes was B>A>D, and the fourth homoeologous group had the least number of polymorphic markers. The gene diversity(H) and nucleotide diversity(π) ranges were 0.095-0.500 and 0.272-0.435, with corresponding average values of 0.336 and 0.340 in 149 wheat accessions, respectively. The genetic similarity coefficient(GS) ranged from 0.335 to 0.997, with an average value of 0.619 in the wheat panel. It indicated a low genetic diversity in the derivative offsprings of "Mazhamai" and "Xiaobaimai". Cluster analysis exhibited that the derived cultivars of "Mazhamai" and "Xiaobaimai" were divided into five clusters, "Mazhamai" and "Xiaobaimai" were closely grouped into Cluster I. The cultivars released before 2000 were mainly the single derivatives of "Mazhamai" or "Xiaobaimai" in Cluster I, II and III and grouped, while the most cultivars released after 2000 possessed both blood of "Mazhamai" and "Xiaobaimai" with higher genetic diversity than the former, and grouped in Cluster IV and V just like commercial cultivars widely grown. Therefore, we should strengthen the introduction of beneficial genetic resources, broaden the genetic basis of wheat cultivars, resulting in improved breeding level.
"Mazhamai" originated in Guanzhong region of Shaanxi province, and "Xiaobaimai" in Pingyao county of Shanxi province, two landraces of wheat(Triticum aestivum L.), are the primitive founder parents of wheat cultivars in northern China. The genetic diversity assessment of "Mazhamai", "Xiaobaimai" and their derivative offsprings will be helpful to wheat cultivar improvement. In this study, a wheat 660 K SNP Array was used to perform genome-wide scanning for analyzing genetic diversity of "Mazhamai", "Xiaobaimai" and their derivatives. The polymorphic SNP marker number in three genomes was B>A>D, and the fourth homoeologous group had the least number of polymorphic markers. The gene diversity(H) and nucleotide diversity(π) ranges were 0.095-0.500 and 0.272-0.435, with corresponding average values of 0.336 and 0.340 in 149 wheat accessions, respectively. The genetic similarity coefficient(GS) ranged from 0.335 to 0.997, with an average value of 0.619 in the wheat panel. It indicated a low genetic diversity in the derivative offsprings of "Mazhamai" and "Xiaobaimai". Cluster analysis exhibited that the derived cultivars of "Mazhamai" and "Xiaobaimai" were divided into five clusters, "Mazhamai" and "Xiaobaimai" were closely grouped into Cluster I. The cultivars released before 2000 were mainly the single derivatives of "Mazhamai" or "Xiaobaimai" in Cluster I, II and III and grouped, while the most cultivars released after 2000 possessed both blood of "Mazhamai" and "Xiaobaimai" with higher genetic diversity than the former, and grouped in Cluster IV and V just like commercial cultivars widely grown. Therefore, we should strengthen the introduction of beneficial genetic resources, broaden the genetic basis of wheat cultivars, resulting in improved breeding level.
引文
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[11]Nasu S,Suzuki J,Ohta R,Hasegawa K,Yui R,Kitazawa N,Monna L,Minobe Y.Search for and analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)in rice(Oryza sativa,Oryza rufipogon)and establishment of SNP markers.DNA Res,2002,9:163-171.
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[13]Chao S,Rouse M N,Acevedo M,Szabo-Hever A,Bockelman H,Bonman J M,Elias E,Klindworth D,Xu S.Evaluation of genetic diversity and host resistance to stem rust in USDA NSGC durum wheat accessions.Plant Genome,2017,10:1-13.
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[16]李小军.小麦骨干亲本碧蚂4号的遗传效应分析.中国农业科学院博士学位论文,北京,2009.Li X J.Analysis of Genetic Effects of Wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)Variety Bima 4 as a Founder Parent.PhD Dissertation of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing,China,2009(in Chinese with English abstract).
[17]韩俊,张连松,李静婷,石丽娟,解超杰,尤明山,杨作民,刘广田,孙其信,刘志勇.小麦骨干亲本“胜利麦/燕大1817”杂交组合后代衍生品种遗传构成解析.作物学报,2009,35:1395-1404.Han J,Zhang L S,Li J T,Shi L J,Xie C J,You M S,Yang Z M,Liu G T,Sun Q X,Liu Z Y.Molecular dissection of core parental cross“Triumph/Yanda 1817”and its derivatives in wheat breeding program.Acta Agron Sin,2009,35:1395-1404(in Chinese with English abstract).
[18]Saghai Maroof M A,Biyashev R M,Yang G P,Zhang Q,Allard R W.Extraordinarily polymorphic microsatellite DNA in barley:species diversity,chromosomal locations,and population dynamics.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,1994,91:5466-5470.
[19]Liu K,Muse S V.PowerMarker:an integrated analysis environment for genetic marker analysis.Bioinformatics,2005,21:2128-2129.
[20]Nei M.Genetic distance between populations.Am Nat,1972,106:283-292.
[21]Jing R L,Chang X P,M Broggio,Jia J Z.Detection of allelic variation in Chinese wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)germplasm with drought tolerance using SSR markers.Agric Sci China,2002,1:1083-1088.
[22]魏添梅,昌小平,闵东红,景蕊莲.小麦抗旱品种的遗传多样性分析及株高优异等位变异挖掘.作物学报,2010,36:895-990.Wei T M,Chang X P,Min D H,Jing R L.Analysis of genetic diversity and tapping elite alleles for plant height in drought-tolerant wheat varieties.Acta Agron Sin,2010,36:895-990(in Chinese with English abstract).
[23]张莉莉,韩芳,马守才,亓佳佳,陈蕴文,余欣欣,薛小雁,郑雅潞,张改生,牛娜.小麦品种豫麦2号及其衍生系的遗传差异分析.中国农业大学学报,2015,20(4):1-11.Zhang L L,Han F,Ma S C,Yuan J J,Chen Y W,Yu X X,Xue XY,Zheng Y L,Zhang G S,Niu N.Genetic differentiation analysis on derived lines from wheat cultivar Yumai 2.J China Agric Univ,2015,20(4):1-11(in Chinese with English abstract).
[24]张德强,宋晓朋,冯洁,连俊芳,孙道杰.小麦周8425B及其衍生品种与黄淮麦区主栽品种的遗传解析.麦类作物学报,2016,36:1328-1334.Zhang D Q,Song X P,Feng J,Lian J F,Sun D J.Genetic dissection on the derived lines from wheat cultivar Zhou 8425Band widely grown cultivars in Huang huai region.J Triticeae Crops,2016,36:1328-1334(in Chinese with English abstract).
[25]Guo J,Shi W,Zhang Z,Cheng J,Sun D,Yu J,Li X,Guo P,Hao C.Association of yield-related traits in founder genotypes and derivatives of common wheat(Triticum aestivum L.).BMC Plant Biol,2018,1471-1486.
[26]Ma F F,Xu Y F,Ma Z Q,Li L H,An D G.Genome-wide association and validation of key loci for yield-related traits in wheat founder parent Xiaoyan 6.Mol Breed,2018,38:91-105.
[27]贾继增,张正斌,Devos K,Gale M D.小麦21条染色体RFLP作图位点遗传多样性分析.中国科学:C辑,2001,31:13-21.Jia J Z,Zhang Z B,Devos K,Gale M D.Genetic diversity of 21chromosomes in wheat revealed by RFLP mapping.Sci China(Ser C),2001,31:13-21(in Chinese).
[28]景蕊莲,昌小平.SSR标记在小麦种质资源研究中的应用.作物品种资源,1999,(2):17-20.Jing R L,Chang X P.Application of SSR markers in the study of wheat germplasm resources.Crop Germplasm Resour,1999,(2):17-20(in Chinese).
[29]Maccaferri M,Sanguineti M C,Donini P,Tuberosa R.Microsatellite analysis reveals a progressive widening of the genetic basis in the elite durum wheat germplasm.Theor Appl Genet,2003,107:783-797.
[30]Cui D,Li J,Tang C,A X,Yu T,Ma X,Zhang E,Cao G,Xu F,Qiao Y,Dai L,Han L.Diachronic analysis of genetic diversity in rice landraces under on-farm conservation in Yunnan,China.Theor Appl Genet,2016,129:155-168.
[31]Rashid M A,Zhao Y,Zhang H,Li J,Li Z.Nucleotide diversity,natural variation,and evolution of flexible culm-1 and strong culm-2 lodging resistance genes in rice.Genome,2016,59:473-483.
[32]庄巧生.中国小麦品种改良及系谱分析.北京:中国农业出版社,2003.pp 54-55.Zhuang Q S.Chinese Wheat Improvement and Pedigree Analysis.Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2003.pp 54-55(in Chinese).
[2]Tilman D,Balzer C,Hill J,Befort B L.Global food demand and the sustainable intensification of agriculture.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2011,108:20260-20264.
[3]Ray D K,Mueller N D,West P C,Foley J A.Yield trends are insufficient to double global crop production by 2050.PLoS One,2013,8:e66428
[4]赵俊晔,于振文.中国小麦生产“十三五”发展规划研究.北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2017.pp 1-2.Zhao J Y,Yu Z W.Study on The Development Plan of China’s Wheat Production During The 13th Five-Year Plan Period.Beijing:China Agricultural Science and Technology Press,2017.pp1-2(in Chinese).
[5]庄巧生.中国小麦品种改良及系谱分析.北京:中国农业出版社,2003.pp 34-170.Zhuang Q S.Chinese Wheat Improvement and Pedigree Analysis.Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2003.pp 34-170(in Chinese).
[6]Tanksley S D,McCouch S R.Seed banks and molecular maps:unlocking genetic potential from the wild.Science,1997,277:1063-1066.
[7]Royo C,Elias E M,Manthey F A.Durum Wheat Breeding.Springer US,2009.pp 199-226.
[8]曹廷杰,谢菁忠,吴秋红,陈永兴,王振忠,赵虹,王西成,詹克慧,徐如强,王际睿,罗明成,刘志勇.河南省近年审定小麦品种基于系谱和SNP标记的遗传多样性分析.作物学报,2015,41:197-206.Cao T J,Xie J Z,Wu Q H,Chen Y X,Wang Z Z,Zhao H,Wang X C,Zhan K H,Xu R Q,Wang J R,Luo M C,Liu Z Y.Genetic diversity of registered wheat varieties in henan province based on pedigree and single-nucleotide polymorphism.Acta Agron Sin,2015,41:197-206(in Chinese with English abstract).
[9]Wilson E O.The biological diversity crisis.Bioscience,1985,35:700-706.
[10]陈天青,黄芳,李文贞,蒋选利,王伟,刘冬成,阳文龙,张爱民,张立异.西南地区小麦抗条锈病种质的遗传多样性及群体结构分析.植物遗传资源学报,2015,16:1157-1167.Chen T Q,Huang F,Li W Z,Jiang X L,Wang W,Liu D C,Yang W L,Zhang A M,Zhang L Y.Investigation and analysis of genetic diversity and population structure for wheat germplasms resistant to stripe rust in southwest China.J Plant Genet Resour,2015,16:1157-1167(in Chinese with English abstract).
[11]Nasu S,Suzuki J,Ohta R,Hasegawa K,Yui R,Kitazawa N,Monna L,Minobe Y.Search for and analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)in rice(Oryza sativa,Oryza rufipogon)and establishment of SNP markers.DNA Res,2002,9:163-171.
[12]邹喻苹,葛颂.新一代分子标记--SNPs及其应用.生物多样性,2003,11:370-382.Zou Y P,Ge S.A novel molecular marker-SNPs and its application.Biodiversity Sci,2003,11:370-382(in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]Chao S,Rouse M N,Acevedo M,Szabo-Hever A,Bockelman H,Bonman J M,Elias E,Klindworth D,Xu S.Evaluation of genetic diversity and host resistance to stem rust in USDA NSGC durum wheat accessions.Plant Genome,2017,10:1-13.
[14]陈广凤,田纪春.基于SNP标记小麦自然群体遗传多样性及复合图谱的构建.分子植物育种,2015,13:1441-1449.Chen G F,Tian J C.Genetic analysis of natural population of wheat and construction of composite map using SNP markers.Mol Plant Breed,2015,13:1441-1449(in Chinese with English abstract).
[15]刘新伦,王长有,王亚娟,张宏,吉万全.小麦骨干亲本阿夫及其衍生品种(系)重要性状的演变规律.西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2011,39(1):96-102.Liu X L,Wang C Y,Wang Y J,Zhang H,Ji W Q.Evolution trend of important characters of wheat core parents Funo and its derived varieties.J Northwest A&F Univ(Nat Sci Edn),2011,39(1):96-102(in Chinese with English abstract).
[16]李小军.小麦骨干亲本碧蚂4号的遗传效应分析.中国农业科学院博士学位论文,北京,2009.Li X J.Analysis of Genetic Effects of Wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)Variety Bima 4 as a Founder Parent.PhD Dissertation of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing,China,2009(in Chinese with English abstract).
[17]韩俊,张连松,李静婷,石丽娟,解超杰,尤明山,杨作民,刘广田,孙其信,刘志勇.小麦骨干亲本“胜利麦/燕大1817”杂交组合后代衍生品种遗传构成解析.作物学报,2009,35:1395-1404.Han J,Zhang L S,Li J T,Shi L J,Xie C J,You M S,Yang Z M,Liu G T,Sun Q X,Liu Z Y.Molecular dissection of core parental cross“Triumph/Yanda 1817”and its derivatives in wheat breeding program.Acta Agron Sin,2009,35:1395-1404(in Chinese with English abstract).
[18]Saghai Maroof M A,Biyashev R M,Yang G P,Zhang Q,Allard R W.Extraordinarily polymorphic microsatellite DNA in barley:species diversity,chromosomal locations,and population dynamics.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,1994,91:5466-5470.
[19]Liu K,Muse S V.PowerMarker:an integrated analysis environment for genetic marker analysis.Bioinformatics,2005,21:2128-2129.
[20]Nei M.Genetic distance between populations.Am Nat,1972,106:283-292.
[21]Jing R L,Chang X P,M Broggio,Jia J Z.Detection of allelic variation in Chinese wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)germplasm with drought tolerance using SSR markers.Agric Sci China,2002,1:1083-1088.
[22]魏添梅,昌小平,闵东红,景蕊莲.小麦抗旱品种的遗传多样性分析及株高优异等位变异挖掘.作物学报,2010,36:895-990.Wei T M,Chang X P,Min D H,Jing R L.Analysis of genetic diversity and tapping elite alleles for plant height in drought-tolerant wheat varieties.Acta Agron Sin,2010,36:895-990(in Chinese with English abstract).
[23]张莉莉,韩芳,马守才,亓佳佳,陈蕴文,余欣欣,薛小雁,郑雅潞,张改生,牛娜.小麦品种豫麦2号及其衍生系的遗传差异分析.中国农业大学学报,2015,20(4):1-11.Zhang L L,Han F,Ma S C,Yuan J J,Chen Y W,Yu X X,Xue XY,Zheng Y L,Zhang G S,Niu N.Genetic differentiation analysis on derived lines from wheat cultivar Yumai 2.J China Agric Univ,2015,20(4):1-11(in Chinese with English abstract).
[24]张德强,宋晓朋,冯洁,连俊芳,孙道杰.小麦周8425B及其衍生品种与黄淮麦区主栽品种的遗传解析.麦类作物学报,2016,36:1328-1334.Zhang D Q,Song X P,Feng J,Lian J F,Sun D J.Genetic dissection on the derived lines from wheat cultivar Zhou 8425Band widely grown cultivars in Huang huai region.J Triticeae Crops,2016,36:1328-1334(in Chinese with English abstract).
[25]Guo J,Shi W,Zhang Z,Cheng J,Sun D,Yu J,Li X,Guo P,Hao C.Association of yield-related traits in founder genotypes and derivatives of common wheat(Triticum aestivum L.).BMC Plant Biol,2018,1471-1486.
[26]Ma F F,Xu Y F,Ma Z Q,Li L H,An D G.Genome-wide association and validation of key loci for yield-related traits in wheat founder parent Xiaoyan 6.Mol Breed,2018,38:91-105.
[27]贾继增,张正斌,Devos K,Gale M D.小麦21条染色体RFLP作图位点遗传多样性分析.中国科学:C辑,2001,31:13-21.Jia J Z,Zhang Z B,Devos K,Gale M D.Genetic diversity of 21chromosomes in wheat revealed by RFLP mapping.Sci China(Ser C),2001,31:13-21(in Chinese).
[28]景蕊莲,昌小平.SSR标记在小麦种质资源研究中的应用.作物品种资源,1999,(2):17-20.Jing R L,Chang X P.Application of SSR markers in the study of wheat germplasm resources.Crop Germplasm Resour,1999,(2):17-20(in Chinese).
[29]Maccaferri M,Sanguineti M C,Donini P,Tuberosa R.Microsatellite analysis reveals a progressive widening of the genetic basis in the elite durum wheat germplasm.Theor Appl Genet,2003,107:783-797.
[30]Cui D,Li J,Tang C,A X,Yu T,Ma X,Zhang E,Cao G,Xu F,Qiao Y,Dai L,Han L.Diachronic analysis of genetic diversity in rice landraces under on-farm conservation in Yunnan,China.Theor Appl Genet,2016,129:155-168.
[31]Rashid M A,Zhao Y,Zhang H,Li J,Li Z.Nucleotide diversity,natural variation,and evolution of flexible culm-1 and strong culm-2 lodging resistance genes in rice.Genome,2016,59:473-483.
[32]庄巧生.中国小麦品种改良及系谱分析.北京:中国农业出版社,2003.pp 54-55.Zhuang Q S.Chinese Wheat Improvement and Pedigree Analysis.Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2003.pp 54-55(in Chinese).