Induced pluripotent stem cells, a giant leap for mankind therapeutic applications
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摘要
Induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSC) technology has propelled the field of stem cells biology, providing new cells to explore the molecular mechanisms of pluripotency, cancer biology and aging. A major advantage of human iPSC,compared to the pluripotent embryonic stem cells, is that they can be generated from virtually any embryonic or adult somatic cell type without destruction of human blastocysts. In addition, iPSC can be generated from somatic cells harvested from normal individuals or patients, and used as a cellular tool to unravel mechanisms of human development and to model diseases in a manner not possible before. Besides these fundamental aspects of human biology and physiology that are revealed using iPSC or iPSC-derived cells, these cells hold an immense potential for cell-based therapies, and for the discovery of new or personalized pharmacological treatments for many disorders. Here, we review some of the current challenges and concerns about iPSC technology. We introduce the potential held by iPSC for research and development of novel health-related applications. We briefly present the efforts made by the scientific and clinical communities to create the necessary guidelines and regulations to achieve the highest quality standards in the procedures for iPSC generation,characterization and long-term preservation. Finally, we present some of the audacious and pioneer clinical trials in progress with iPSC-derived cells.
Induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSC) technology has propelled the field of stem cells biology, providing new cells to explore the molecular mechanisms of pluripotency, cancer biology and aging. A major advantage of human iPSC,compared to the pluripotent embryonic stem cells, is that they can be generated from virtually any embryonic or adult somatic cell type without destruction of human blastocysts. In addition, iPSC can be generated from somatic cells harvested from normal individuals or patients, and used as a cellular tool to unravel mechanisms of human development and to model diseases in a manner not possible before. Besides these fundamental aspects of human biology and physiology that are revealed using iPSC or iPSC-derived cells, these cells hold an immense potential for cell-based therapies, and for the discovery of new or personalized pharmacological treatments for many disorders. Here, we review some of the current challenges and concerns about iPSC technology. We introduce the potential held by iPSC for research and development of novel health-related applications. We briefly present the efforts made by the scientific and clinical communities to create the necessary guidelines and regulations to achieve the highest quality standards in the procedures for iPSC generation,characterization and long-term preservation. Finally, we present some of the audacious and pioneer clinical trials in progress with iPSC-derived cells.
Induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSC) technology has propelled the field of stem cells biology, providing new cells to explore the molecular mechanisms of pluripotency, cancer biology and aging. A major advantage of human iPSC,compared to the pluripotent embryonic stem cells, is that they can be generated from virtually any embryonic or adult somatic cell type without destruction of human blastocysts. In addition, iPSC can be generated from somatic cells harvested from normal individuals or patients, and used as a cellular tool to unravel mechanisms of human development and to model diseases in a manner not possible before. Besides these fundamental aspects of human biology and physiology that are revealed using iPSC or iPSC-derived cells, these cells hold an immense potential for cell-based therapies, and for the discovery of new or personalized pharmacological treatments for many disorders. Here, we review some of the current challenges and concerns about iPSC technology. We introduce the potential held by iPSC for research and development of novel health-related applications. We briefly present the efforts made by the scientific and clinical communities to create the necessary guidelines and regulations to achieve the highest quality standards in the procedures for iPSC generation,characterization and long-term preservation. Finally, we present some of the audacious and pioneer clinical trials in progress with iPSC-derived cells.
引文
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2 Yu J,Thomson JA.Pluripotent stem cell lines.Genes Dev 2008;22:1987-1997[PMID:18676805 DOI:10.1101/gad.1689808]
3 Jaenisch R,Young R.Stem cells,the molecular circuitry of pluripotency and nuclear reprogramming.Cell2008;132:567-582[PMID:18295576 DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2008.01.015]
4 Lengerke C,Daley GQ.Disease models from pluripotent stem cells.Ann N Y Acad Sci 2009;1176:191-196[PMID:19796247 DOI:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04962.x]
5 Ho R,Chronis C,Plath K.Mechanistic insights into reprogramming to induced pluripotency.J Cell Physiol 2011;226:868-878[PMID:20945378 DOI:10.1002/jcp.22450]
6 Okita K,Ichisaka T,Yamanaka S.Generation of germline-competent induced pluripotent stem cells.Nature 2007;448:313-317[PMID:17554338 DOI:10.1038/nature05934]
7 Maherali N,Sridharan R,Xie W,Utikal J,Eminli S,Arnold K,Stadtfeld M,Yachechko R,Tchieu J,Jaenisch R,Plath K,Hochedlinger K.Directly reprogrammed fibroblasts show global epigenetic remodeling and widespread tissue contribution.Cell Stem Cell 2007;1:55-70[PMID:18371336 DOI:10.1016/j.stem.2007.05.014]
8 Wernig M,Meissner A,Foreman R,Brambrink T,Ku M,Hochedlinger K,Bernstein BE,Jaenisch R.In vitro reprogramming of fibroblasts into a pluripotent ES-cell-like state.Nature 2007;448:318-324[PMID:17554336 DOI:10.1038/nature05944]
9 Blelloch R,Venere M,Yen J,Ramalho-Santos M.Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells in the absence of drug selection.Cell Stem Cell 2007;1:245-247[PMID:18371358 DOI:10.1016/j.stem.2007.08.008]
10 Bellin M,Marchetto MC,Gage FH,Mummery CL.Induced pluripotent stem cells:the new patient?Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2012;13:713-726[PMID:23034453 DOI:10.1038/nrm3448]
11 Kimbrel EA,Lanza R.Current status of pluripotent stem cells:moving the first therapies to the clinic.Nat Rev Drug Discov 2015;14:681-692[PMID:26391880 DOI:10.1038/nrd4738]
12 Takahashi K,Yamanaka S.A decade of transcription factor-mediated reprogramming to pluripotency.Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2016;17:183-193[PMID:26883003 DOI:10.1038/nrm.2016.8]
13 Lapasset L,Milhavet O,Prieur A,Besnard E,Babled A,Ait-Hamou N,Leschik J,Pellestor F,Ramirez JM,De Vos J,Lehmann S,Lemaitre JM.Rejuvenating senescent and centenarian human cells by reprogramming through the pluripotent state.Genes Dev 2011;25:2248-2253[PMID:22056670 DOI:10.1101/gad.173922.111]
14 Charneca J,Matias AC,Escapa AL,Fernandes C,Alves A,Santos JMA,Nascimento R,Braganca J.Ectopic expression of CITED2 prior to reprogramming,promotes and homogenises the conversion of somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells.Exp Cell Res 2017;358:290-300[PMID:28684114DOI:10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.07.002]
15 Banito A,Rashid ST,Acosta JC,Li S,Pereira CF,Geti I,Pinho S,Silva JC,Azuara V,Walsh M,Vallier L,Gil J.Senescence impairs successful reprogramming to pluripotent stem cells.Genes Dev 2009;23:2134-2139[PMID:19696146 DOI:10.1101/gad.1811609]
16 Utikal J,Polo JM,Stadtfeld M,Maherali N,Kulalert W,Walsh RM,Khalil A,Rheinwald JG,Hochedlinger K.Immortalization eliminates a roadblock during cellular reprogramming into iPS cells.Nature 2009;460:1145-1148[PMID:19668190 DOI:10.1038/nature08285]
17 Mosteiro L,Pantoja C,de Martino A,Serrano M.Senescence promotes in vivo reprogramming through p16INK4a and IL-6.Aging Cell 2018;17[PMID:29280266 DOI:10.1111/acel.12711]
18 Prigione A,Fauler B,Lurz R,Lehrach H,Adjaye J.The senescence-related mitochondrial/oxidative stress pathway is repressed in human induced pluripotent stem cells.Stem Cells 2010;28:721-733[PMID:20201066 DOI:10.1002/stem.404]
19 Str?ssler ET,Aalto-Set?l?K,Kiamehr M,Landmesser U,Kr?nkel N.Age Is Relative-Impact of Donor Age on Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cell Functionality.Front Cardiovasc Med 2018;5:4[PMID:29423397 DOI:10.3389/fcvm.2018.00004]
20 Geens M,Chuva De Sousa Lopes SM.X chromosome inactivation in human pluripotent stem cells as a model for human development:back to the drawing board?Hum Reprod Update 2017;23:520-532[PMID:28582519 DOI:10.1093/humupd/dmx015]
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