Numerical simulation of enhancing coalbed methane recovery by injecting CO_2 with heat injection
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摘要
The technology used to enhance coalbed methane(CBM) recovery by injecting CO_2(CO_2-ECBM) with heat, combining heat injection with CO_2 injection, is still in its infancy; therefore, theoretical studies of this CO_2-ECBM technology should be perused. First, the coupling equations of the di usion–adsorption–seepage–heat transfer fields of gas are established. The displacement processes under di erent pressures and temperatures are simulated by COMSOL. Finally, the displacement effects, a comparison of the CO_2 storage capacity with the CH_4 output and the e ective influencing radius of CO_2 injection are analyzed and discussed. The results show that(1) the displacement pressure and temperature are two key factors influencing the CH_4 output and the CO_2 storage capacity, and the increase in the CO_2 storage capacity is more sensitive to temperature and pressure than the CH_4 output.(2) The gas flow direction is from the injection hole to the discharge hole during the displacement process, and the regions with high velocity are concentrated at the injection hole and the discharge hole.(3) A reduction in the CH_4 concentration and an increase in the CO_2 concentration are obvious during the displacement process.(4) The e ective influencing radius of injecting CO_2 with heat increases with the increase in time and pressure. The relationship between the e ective influencing radius and the injection time of CO_2 has a power exponential function, and there is a linear relationship between the functional coe cient and the injection pressure of CO_2. This numerical simulation study on enhancing CBM recovery by injecting CO_2 with heat can further promote the implementation of CO_2-ECBM project in deep coal seams.
The technology used to enhance coalbed methane(CBM) recovery by injecting CO_2(CO_2-ECBM) with heat, combining heat injection with CO_2 injection, is still in its infancy; therefore, theoretical studies of this CO_2-ECBM technology should be perused. First, the coupling equations of the di usion–adsorption–seepage–heat transfer fields of gas are established. The displacement processes under di erent pressures and temperatures are simulated by COMSOL. Finally, the displacement effects, a comparison of the CO_2 storage capacity with the CH_4 output and the e ective influencing radius of CO_2 injection are analyzed and discussed. The results show that(1) the displacement pressure and temperature are two key factors influencing the CH_4 output and the CO_2 storage capacity, and the increase in the CO_2 storage capacity is more sensitive to temperature and pressure than the CH_4 output.(2) The gas flow direction is from the injection hole to the discharge hole during the displacement process, and the regions with high velocity are concentrated at the injection hole and the discharge hole.(3) A reduction in the CH_4 concentration and an increase in the CO_2 concentration are obvious during the displacement process.(4) The e ective influencing radius of injecting CO_2 with heat increases with the increase in time and pressure. The relationship between the e ective influencing radius and the injection time of CO_2 has a power exponential function, and there is a linear relationship between the functional coe cient and the injection pressure of CO_2. This numerical simulation study on enhancing CBM recovery by injecting CO_2 with heat can further promote the implementation of CO_2-ECBM project in deep coal seams.
The technology used to enhance coalbed methane(CBM) recovery by injecting CO_2(CO_2-ECBM) with heat, combining heat injection with CO_2 injection, is still in its infancy; therefore, theoretical studies of this CO_2-ECBM technology should be perused. First, the coupling equations of the di usion–adsorption–seepage–heat transfer fields of gas are established. The displacement processes under di erent pressures and temperatures are simulated by COMSOL. Finally, the displacement effects, a comparison of the CO_2 storage capacity with the CH_4 output and the e ective influencing radius of CO_2 injection are analyzed and discussed. The results show that(1) the displacement pressure and temperature are two key factors influencing the CH_4 output and the CO_2 storage capacity, and the increase in the CO_2 storage capacity is more sensitive to temperature and pressure than the CH_4 output.(2) The gas flow direction is from the injection hole to the discharge hole during the displacement process, and the regions with high velocity are concentrated at the injection hole and the discharge hole.(3) A reduction in the CH_4 concentration and an increase in the CO_2 concentration are obvious during the displacement process.(4) The e ective influencing radius of injecting CO_2 with heat increases with the increase in time and pressure. The relationship between the e ective influencing radius and the injection time of CO_2 has a power exponential function, and there is a linear relationship between the functional coe cient and the injection pressure of CO_2. This numerical simulation study on enhancing CBM recovery by injecting CO_2 with heat can further promote the implementation of CO_2-ECBM project in deep coal seams.
引文
Andreas B,Yves G.CBM and CO2-ECBM related sorption processes in coal:a review.Int J Coal Geol.2011;87(2):49-71.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2011.04.011.
Feng GR,Wu YG,Zhang C,Hu S,Shao H,Xu G,et al.Changes on the low-temperature oxidation characteristics of coal after CO2adsorption:a case study.J Loss Prevent Proc.2017;49:536-44.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2017.05.018.
Le TD,Murad MA,Pereira PA.A new matrix/fracture multiscale coupled model for flow in shale-gas reservoirs.SPE J.2017;22(1):265-88.https://doi.org/10.2118/18175 0-PA.
Li B,Zhao LC,Wang L,Liu C,McAdam KG,Wang B.Gas-phase pressure and flow velocity fields inside a burning cigarette during a pu.Thermochim Acta.2016;623:22-8.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2015.11.006.
Li W,Liu HF,Song XF.Influence of fluid exposure on surface chemistry and pore-fracture morphology of various rank coals:implications for methane recovery and CO2 storage.Energy Fuel.2017;31(11):12552-69.https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energ yfuel s.7b024 83.
Lin BQ,Li H,Chen ZW,Zheng C,Hong Y,Wang Z.Sensitivity analysis on the microwave heating of coal:a coupled electromagnetic and heat transfer model.Appl Therm Eng.2017;126:949-62.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applt herma leng.2017.08.012.
Liu GX,Smirnov AV.Modeling of carbon sequestration in coalbeds:a variable saturated simulation.Energy Convers Manag.2008;49(10):2849-58.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.encon man.2008.03.007.
Liu T,Lin BQ,Yang W,Liu T,Kong J,Huang Z,et al.Dynamic di usion-based multifield coupling model for gas drainage.JNat Gas Sci Eng.2017a;44:233-49.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jngse.2017.04.026.
Liu ZD,Cheng YP,Liu QQ,Jiang JY,Li W,Zhang KZ.Numerical assessment of CMM drainage in the remote unloaded coal body:insights of geostress-relief gas migration and coal permeability.J Nat Gas Sci Eng.2017b;45:487-501.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jngse.2017.06.017.
Liu P,Qin YP,Liu SM,Hao YJ.Non-linear gas desorption and transport behavior in coal matrix:experiments and numerical modeling.Fuel.2018;214:1-13.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2017.10.120.
Ma TR,Rutqvist J,Oldenburg CM,Liu WQ.Coupled thermalhydrological-mechanical modeling of CO2-enhanced coalbed methane recovery.Int J Coal Geol.2017;179(15):81-91.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2017.05.013.
Mandadige SAP.Influences of CO2 injection into deep coal seams:a review.Energy Fuel.2017;31(10):10324-34.https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energ yfuel s.7b017 40.
Ni XM,Miao J,Lv RS,Lin XY.Quantitative 3D spatial characterization and flow simulation of coal macropores based on CTtechnology.Fuel.2017;200:199-207.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2017.03.068.
Pan ZJ,Ye JP,Zhou FB,Tan YL,Connell LD,Fan JJ.CO2 storage in coal to enhance coalbed methane recovery:a review of field experiments in China.Fuel Int Geol Rev.2017;60(4):1-23.https://doi.org/10.1080/00206 814.2017.13736 07.
Pratama E,Ismail MS,Ridha S.Identification of coal seams suitability for carbon dioxide sequestration with enhanced coalbed methane recovery:a case study in South Sumatera Basin,Indonesia.Clean Technol Environ.2018;20(3):581-7.https://doi.org/10.1007/s1009 8-017-1383-4.
Qu HY,Liu JS,Pan ZJ,Peng Y,Zhou F.Simulation of coal permeability under non-isothermal CO2 injection.Int J Oil Gas Coal T.2017;15(2):190-215.https://doi.org/10.1504/IJOGCT.2017.10004 656.
Ranathunga AS,Perera MSA,Ranjith PG,Wei CH.An experimental investigation of applicability of CO2 enhanced coal bed methane recovery to low rank coal.Fuel.2017a;189:391-9.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2016.10.116.
Ranathunga AS,Perera MSA,Ranjith PG,Zhang XG,Wu B.Supercritical carbon dioxide flow behaviour in low rank coal:a mesoscale experimental study.J CO2 Util.2017b;20:1-13.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcou.2017.04.010.
Sampath KHSM,Perera MSA,Ranjith PG,Matthai SK,Rathnaweera T,Zhang G,et al.CH4-CO2 gas exchange and supercritical CO2based hydraulic fracturing as CBM production-accelerating techniques:a review.J CO2 Util.2017;22:212-30.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcou.2017.10.004.
Sang GJ,Elsworth D,Miao XX,Mao XB,Wang JH.Numerical study of a stress dependent triple porosity model for shale gas reservoirs accommodating gas di usion in kerogen.J Nat Gas Sci Eng.2016;32:423-38.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jngse.2016.04.044.
Sun XF,Zhang YY,Li K,Gai ZY.A new mathematical simulation model for gas injection enhanced coalbed methane recovery.Fuel.2016;183:478-88.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2016.06.082.
Taheri A,Sereshki F,Ardejani FD,Mirzaghorbanali A.Simulation of macerals e ects on methane emission during gas drainage in coal mines.Fuel.2017;210:659-65.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2017.08.081.
Vanelle C,Gajewski D.Experimental evaluation of permeability of coal in supercritical CO2 and N2 injection under stress and strain restricted conditions.Geophys Prospect.2011;126(10/11):614-22.https://doi.org/10.2473/journ alofm mij.126.614.
Vilarrasa V,Rutqvist J.Thermal e ects on geologic carbon storage.Earth Sci Rev.2017;165:245-56.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earsc irev.2016.12.011.
Vishal V,Sing L,Pradhan SP,Singh TN,Ranjith PG.Numerical modeling of Gondwana coal seams in India as coalbed methane reservoirs substituted for carbon dioxide sequestration.Energy.2013;49(49):384-94.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energ y.2012.09.045.
Wang ZF,Chen JC,Yang HM.Study on e ective influence radius of borehole air injection to remove and replace coal bed methane in seam.Coal Sci Technol.2012;40(9):28-31(in Chinese).
Wang JL,Lian WH,Li P,Zhang ZL,Yang JX,Hao XG,et al.Simulation of pyrolysis in low rank coal particle by using DAEM kinetics model:reaction behavior and heat transfer.Fuel.2017;207:126-35.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2017.06.078.
Wei XR,Wang GX,Massarotto P,Golding SD,Rudolph V.Numerical simulation of multicomponent gas di usion and flow in coals for CO2 enhanced coalbed methane recovery.Chem Eng Sci.2007;62(16):4193-203.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2007.04.032.
Xu P,Tie Y,Wang XM.Fluid-solid coupling dynamic equations considering gas desorption contraction and coal motion deformations.Mechanika.2017;23(3):391-6.https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.mech.23.3.18480.
Yasunami T,Sasaki K,Sugai Y.CO2 Temperature prediction in injection tubing considering supercritical condition at Yubari ECBMpilot-test.J Can Pet Technol.2010;49(4):44-50.https://doi.org/10.2118/13668 4-PA.
Ye JP,Feng SL,Fang ZQ,Wang G,Gunter WD,Wong S,et al.Micropilot test for enhanced coalbed methane recovery by injecting carbon dioxide in south part of Qinshui Basin.Acta Petrolei Sinica.2007;28(4):77-80(in Chinese).
Ye JP,Zhang B,Sam W.Test and evaluation on elevation of coalbed methane recovery ratio by injecting and burying CO2 for 3#coal seam of north section of Shizhuang,Qingshui Basin,Shanxi.Chin Acad Eng.2012;14(2):38-44(in Chinese).
Ye JP,Zhang B,Han XT,Zhang CJ.Well group carbon dioxide injection for enhanced coalbed methane recovery and key parameter of the numerical simulation and application in deep coalbed methane.J China Coal Soc.2016;41(1):149-55(in Chinese).
Zhang SH,Tang SH,Pan ZJ,Shang DZ,Li ZC,Zhang JP.Numerical simulation of CO2 enhanced coalbed methane recovery on Jincheng anthracite coal reservoir.J China Coal Soc.2011a;36(10):1741-7(in Chinese).
Zhang DF,Cui YJ,Liu B,Li SG,Song WL,Lin WG.Supercritical pure methane and CO2 adsorption on various rank coals of china:experiments and modeling.Energy Fuel.2011b;25(4):1891-9.https://doi.org/10.1021/ef101 149d.
Zhang DF,Gu LL,Li SG,Lian PC,Tao J.Interactions of supercritical CO2 with coal.Energy Fuel.2013;27(1):387-93.https://doi.org/10.1021/ef301 191p.
Zhang L,Li X,Zhang Y,Cui GD,Tan CY,Ren SR.CO2 injection for geothermal development associated with EGR and geological storage in depleted high-temperature gas reservoirs.Energy.2017;123:139-48.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energ y.2017.01.135.
Zhong HB,Liang SR,Zhang JT,Zhu YQ.Multi-fluid model with variable particle density and diameter based on mass conservation at the particle scale.Powder Technol.2016;294:43-54.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powte c.2016.02.024.
Zhou FD,Hussain FQ,Cinar Y.Injecting pure N2 and CO2 to coal for enhanced coalbed methane:experimental observations and numerical simulation.Int J Coal Geol.2013;116-117:53-62.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2013.06.004.
Feng GR,Wu YG,Zhang C,Hu S,Shao H,Xu G,et al.Changes on the low-temperature oxidation characteristics of coal after CO2adsorption:a case study.J Loss Prevent Proc.2017;49:536-44.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2017.05.018.
Le TD,Murad MA,Pereira PA.A new matrix/fracture multiscale coupled model for flow in shale-gas reservoirs.SPE J.2017;22(1):265-88.https://doi.org/10.2118/18175 0-PA.
Li B,Zhao LC,Wang L,Liu C,McAdam KG,Wang B.Gas-phase pressure and flow velocity fields inside a burning cigarette during a pu.Thermochim Acta.2016;623:22-8.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2015.11.006.
Li W,Liu HF,Song XF.Influence of fluid exposure on surface chemistry and pore-fracture morphology of various rank coals:implications for methane recovery and CO2 storage.Energy Fuel.2017;31(11):12552-69.https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energ yfuel s.7b024 83.
Lin BQ,Li H,Chen ZW,Zheng C,Hong Y,Wang Z.Sensitivity analysis on the microwave heating of coal:a coupled electromagnetic and heat transfer model.Appl Therm Eng.2017;126:949-62.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applt herma leng.2017.08.012.
Liu GX,Smirnov AV.Modeling of carbon sequestration in coalbeds:a variable saturated simulation.Energy Convers Manag.2008;49(10):2849-58.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.encon man.2008.03.007.
Liu T,Lin BQ,Yang W,Liu T,Kong J,Huang Z,et al.Dynamic di usion-based multifield coupling model for gas drainage.JNat Gas Sci Eng.2017a;44:233-49.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jngse.2017.04.026.
Liu ZD,Cheng YP,Liu QQ,Jiang JY,Li W,Zhang KZ.Numerical assessment of CMM drainage in the remote unloaded coal body:insights of geostress-relief gas migration and coal permeability.J Nat Gas Sci Eng.2017b;45:487-501.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jngse.2017.06.017.
Liu P,Qin YP,Liu SM,Hao YJ.Non-linear gas desorption and transport behavior in coal matrix:experiments and numerical modeling.Fuel.2018;214:1-13.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2017.10.120.
Ma TR,Rutqvist J,Oldenburg CM,Liu WQ.Coupled thermalhydrological-mechanical modeling of CO2-enhanced coalbed methane recovery.Int J Coal Geol.2017;179(15):81-91.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2017.05.013.
Mandadige SAP.Influences of CO2 injection into deep coal seams:a review.Energy Fuel.2017;31(10):10324-34.https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energ yfuel s.7b017 40.
Ni XM,Miao J,Lv RS,Lin XY.Quantitative 3D spatial characterization and flow simulation of coal macropores based on CTtechnology.Fuel.2017;200:199-207.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2017.03.068.
Pan ZJ,Ye JP,Zhou FB,Tan YL,Connell LD,Fan JJ.CO2 storage in coal to enhance coalbed methane recovery:a review of field experiments in China.Fuel Int Geol Rev.2017;60(4):1-23.https://doi.org/10.1080/00206 814.2017.13736 07.
Pratama E,Ismail MS,Ridha S.Identification of coal seams suitability for carbon dioxide sequestration with enhanced coalbed methane recovery:a case study in South Sumatera Basin,Indonesia.Clean Technol Environ.2018;20(3):581-7.https://doi.org/10.1007/s1009 8-017-1383-4.
Qu HY,Liu JS,Pan ZJ,Peng Y,Zhou F.Simulation of coal permeability under non-isothermal CO2 injection.Int J Oil Gas Coal T.2017;15(2):190-215.https://doi.org/10.1504/IJOGCT.2017.10004 656.
Ranathunga AS,Perera MSA,Ranjith PG,Wei CH.An experimental investigation of applicability of CO2 enhanced coal bed methane recovery to low rank coal.Fuel.2017a;189:391-9.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2016.10.116.
Ranathunga AS,Perera MSA,Ranjith PG,Zhang XG,Wu B.Supercritical carbon dioxide flow behaviour in low rank coal:a mesoscale experimental study.J CO2 Util.2017b;20:1-13.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcou.2017.04.010.
Sampath KHSM,Perera MSA,Ranjith PG,Matthai SK,Rathnaweera T,Zhang G,et al.CH4-CO2 gas exchange and supercritical CO2based hydraulic fracturing as CBM production-accelerating techniques:a review.J CO2 Util.2017;22:212-30.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcou.2017.10.004.
Sang GJ,Elsworth D,Miao XX,Mao XB,Wang JH.Numerical study of a stress dependent triple porosity model for shale gas reservoirs accommodating gas di usion in kerogen.J Nat Gas Sci Eng.2016;32:423-38.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jngse.2016.04.044.
Sun XF,Zhang YY,Li K,Gai ZY.A new mathematical simulation model for gas injection enhanced coalbed methane recovery.Fuel.2016;183:478-88.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2016.06.082.
Taheri A,Sereshki F,Ardejani FD,Mirzaghorbanali A.Simulation of macerals e ects on methane emission during gas drainage in coal mines.Fuel.2017;210:659-65.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2017.08.081.
Vanelle C,Gajewski D.Experimental evaluation of permeability of coal in supercritical CO2 and N2 injection under stress and strain restricted conditions.Geophys Prospect.2011;126(10/11):614-22.https://doi.org/10.2473/journ alofm mij.126.614.
Vilarrasa V,Rutqvist J.Thermal e ects on geologic carbon storage.Earth Sci Rev.2017;165:245-56.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earsc irev.2016.12.011.
Vishal V,Sing L,Pradhan SP,Singh TN,Ranjith PG.Numerical modeling of Gondwana coal seams in India as coalbed methane reservoirs substituted for carbon dioxide sequestration.Energy.2013;49(49):384-94.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energ y.2012.09.045.
Wang ZF,Chen JC,Yang HM.Study on e ective influence radius of borehole air injection to remove and replace coal bed methane in seam.Coal Sci Technol.2012;40(9):28-31(in Chinese).
Wang JL,Lian WH,Li P,Zhang ZL,Yang JX,Hao XG,et al.Simulation of pyrolysis in low rank coal particle by using DAEM kinetics model:reaction behavior and heat transfer.Fuel.2017;207:126-35.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2017.06.078.
Wei XR,Wang GX,Massarotto P,Golding SD,Rudolph V.Numerical simulation of multicomponent gas di usion and flow in coals for CO2 enhanced coalbed methane recovery.Chem Eng Sci.2007;62(16):4193-203.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2007.04.032.
Xu P,Tie Y,Wang XM.Fluid-solid coupling dynamic equations considering gas desorption contraction and coal motion deformations.Mechanika.2017;23(3):391-6.https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.mech.23.3.18480.
Yasunami T,Sasaki K,Sugai Y.CO2 Temperature prediction in injection tubing considering supercritical condition at Yubari ECBMpilot-test.J Can Pet Technol.2010;49(4):44-50.https://doi.org/10.2118/13668 4-PA.
Ye JP,Feng SL,Fang ZQ,Wang G,Gunter WD,Wong S,et al.Micropilot test for enhanced coalbed methane recovery by injecting carbon dioxide in south part of Qinshui Basin.Acta Petrolei Sinica.2007;28(4):77-80(in Chinese).
Ye JP,Zhang B,Sam W.Test and evaluation on elevation of coalbed methane recovery ratio by injecting and burying CO2 for 3#coal seam of north section of Shizhuang,Qingshui Basin,Shanxi.Chin Acad Eng.2012;14(2):38-44(in Chinese).
Ye JP,Zhang B,Han XT,Zhang CJ.Well group carbon dioxide injection for enhanced coalbed methane recovery and key parameter of the numerical simulation and application in deep coalbed methane.J China Coal Soc.2016;41(1):149-55(in Chinese).
Zhang SH,Tang SH,Pan ZJ,Shang DZ,Li ZC,Zhang JP.Numerical simulation of CO2 enhanced coalbed methane recovery on Jincheng anthracite coal reservoir.J China Coal Soc.2011a;36(10):1741-7(in Chinese).
Zhang DF,Cui YJ,Liu B,Li SG,Song WL,Lin WG.Supercritical pure methane and CO2 adsorption on various rank coals of china:experiments and modeling.Energy Fuel.2011b;25(4):1891-9.https://doi.org/10.1021/ef101 149d.
Zhang DF,Gu LL,Li SG,Lian PC,Tao J.Interactions of supercritical CO2 with coal.Energy Fuel.2013;27(1):387-93.https://doi.org/10.1021/ef301 191p.
Zhang L,Li X,Zhang Y,Cui GD,Tan CY,Ren SR.CO2 injection for geothermal development associated with EGR and geological storage in depleted high-temperature gas reservoirs.Energy.2017;123:139-48.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energ y.2017.01.135.
Zhong HB,Liang SR,Zhang JT,Zhu YQ.Multi-fluid model with variable particle density and diameter based on mass conservation at the particle scale.Powder Technol.2016;294:43-54.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powte c.2016.02.024.
Zhou FD,Hussain FQ,Cinar Y.Injecting pure N2 and CO2 to coal for enhanced coalbed methane:experimental observations and numerical simulation.Int J Coal Geol.2013;116-117:53-62.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2013.06.004.