Influence factors on the seismic behavior and deformation modes of gravity retaining walls
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摘要
This study investigated the influence factors on the seismic response and deformation modes of retaining walls using large-scale model shaking table tests. Experimental results showed that the distribution of peak seismic earth pressures along the height of a wall was a single peak value curve. The seismic earth pressures on a gravel soil retaining wall were larger than the pressures on the weathered granite and quartz retaining walls. Also, the peak seismic earth pressure increased with increases in the peak ground acceleration and the wall height. The measured seismic active earth pressures on a rock foundation retaining wall were larger than the calculated values, and the action position of resultant seismic pressure was higher than 0.33 H. In the soil foundation retaining wall, the measured seismic earth pressures were much smaller than the calculated values, while the action position was slightly higher than 0.33 H. The soil foundation retaining wall suffered base sliding and overturning under earthquake conditions, while overturning was the main failure mode for the rock foundation retaining walls.
This study investigated the influence factors on the seismic response and deformation modes of retaining walls using large-scale model shaking table tests. Experimental results showed that the distribution of peak seismic earth pressures along the height of a wall was a single peak value curve. The seismic earth pressures on a gravel soil retaining wall were larger than the pressures on the weathered granite and quartz retaining walls. Also, the peak seismic earth pressure increased with increases in the peak ground acceleration and the wall height. The measured seismic active earth pressures on a rock foundation retaining wall were larger than the calculated values, and the action position of resultant seismic pressure was higher than 0.33 H. In the soil foundation retaining wall, the measured seismic earth pressures were much smaller than the calculated values, while the action position was slightly higher than 0.33 H. The soil foundation retaining wall suffered base sliding and overturning under earthquake conditions, while overturning was the main failure mode for the rock foundation retaining walls.
This study investigated the influence factors on the seismic response and deformation modes of retaining walls using large-scale model shaking table tests. Experimental results showed that the distribution of peak seismic earth pressures along the height of a wall was a single peak value curve. The seismic earth pressures on a gravel soil retaining wall were larger than the pressures on the weathered granite and quartz retaining walls. Also, the peak seismic earth pressure increased with increases in the peak ground acceleration and the wall height. The measured seismic active earth pressures on a rock foundation retaining wall were larger than the calculated values, and the action position of resultant seismic pressure was higher than 0.33 H. In the soil foundation retaining wall, the measured seismic earth pressures were much smaller than the calculated values, while the action position was slightly higher than 0.33 H. The soil foundation retaining wall suffered base sliding and overturning under earthquake conditions, while overturning was the main failure mode for the rock foundation retaining walls.
引文
Al Atik L,Sitar N(2010)Seismic earth pressures on cantilever retaining structures.Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 136(10):1324-1333.https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000351
Anasua G,Dilip KB(2016)Reliability coupled sensitivity-based seismic analysis of gravity retaining wall using pseudostatic approach.Journal of Geotechnical&Geoenvironmental Engineering 142(6):325-336.https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001467
Bathurst RJ,Hatami K(1998)Seismic response analysis of a geosynthetic-reinforced soil retaining wall.Geosynthetics International 5(1-2):127-166.https://doi.org/10.1680/gein.5.0117
Bergado DT,Lo KH,Chai JC(1992)Pullout tests using steel grid reinforcements with low-quality backfill.Journal of Geotechnical Engineering 118(7):1047-1062.https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1992)118:7(1047)
Bhattacharya S,Lombardi D,Dihoru L(2012)Model container design for soil-structure interaction studies.In:Role of Seismic Testing Facilities in Performance-Based Earthquake Engineering.Springer,Dordrecht.pp 135-158.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1977-4_8
Callisto L,Soccodato FM(2010)Seismic design of flexible cantilevered retaining walls.Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering ASCE 136(2):344-354.https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000216
Cattoni E,Cecconi M,Pane V,et al.(2012)Development of DDBD method for retaining walls subjected to seismic loads.In:International conference on performance-based design in earthquake geotechnical engineering,Taormina,Italy,pp1510-1521.
Dubrova GA(2013)Interaction between soils and structures.Rechnoi Transport 42(3):40-45.(In Russian)
Gazetas G,Psarropoulos PN,Anastasopoulos I,Gerolymos N(2004)Seismic behaviour of flexible retaining systems subjected to short-duration moderately strong excitation.Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 24(7):537-550.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2004.02.005
Green RA,Olgun CG,Cameron WI(2008)Response and modeling of cantilever retaining walls subjected to seismic motions.Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering 23(4):309-322.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8667.2007.00538.x
Jiang LW,Yao LK,Wang J(2009)Similitude for shaking table model test on side slope relating to dynamic characteristics and strength.Journal of Transport Science and Engineering25(2):1-7.(In Chinese)
Kim DS,Lee SH,Choo YW,Perdriat J(2013)Self-balanced earthquake simulator on centrifuge and dynamic performance verification.KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering17(4):651-661.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-013-1591-3
Lee SH,Choo YW,Kim DS(2013)Performance of an equivalent shear beam(ESB)model container for dynamic geotechnical centrifuge tests.Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 44:102-114.
Mononobe N,Matsuo H(1929)On the determination of earth pressure during earthquakes.Proc.World engineering congress,Tokyo,Vol.9.p.388.
Okabe S(1924)General theory of earth pressures and seismic stability of retaining wall and dam.J Japanese Society of Civil Engineers,Vol 12,No.1.
Pain A,Choudhury D,Bhattacharyya SK(2017)Effect of dynamic soil properties and frequency content of harmonic excitation on the internal stability of reinforced soil retaining structure.Geotextiles and Geomembranes 45(5):471-486.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2017.07.003
Panah AK,Yazdi M,Ghalandarzadeh A(2015)Shaking table tests on soil retaining walls reinforced by polymeric strips.Geotextiles and Geomembranes 43(2):148-161.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2015.01.001
Roozbeh GM,Gabriel C,Nicholas S(2016)Seismic earth pressures on retaining structures and basement walls in cohesionless soils.Journal of Geotechnical&Geoenvironmental Engineering 142(10):415-423.https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001507
Shahgholi M,Fakher A,Jones CJFP(2001)Horizontal slice method of analysis.Geotechnique 51(10):881-885.https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.51.10.881.41058
Tatsuoka F,Munoz H,Kuroda T(2012)Stability of existing bridges improved by structural integration and nailing.Soils and Foundations 52(3):430-448.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2012.05.004
Veletsos AS,Younan AH(1997)Dynamic response of cantilever retaining walls.Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 123(2):161-172.https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(1997)123:2(161)
Wang L,Chen G,Chen S(2015)Experimental study on seismic response of geogrid reinforced rigid retaining walls with saturated backfill sand.Geotextiles and Geomembranes43(1):35-45.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2014.11.006
Wang YQ,Shi SY(1983)Nonlinear distribution of earth pressure during earthquake.Journal of Hohai University 4(1):61-72.(In Chinese)
Whitman RV(1990)Seismic design behaviour of gravity retaining walls.In:Proceedings of ASCE specialty conference on design and performance of earth retaining structures.ASCE Geotechnical Specialty Publication,New York,25 pp817-842
Yang CW,Zhang JJ,Wang ZZ,et al.(2018)Research on timefrequency analysis method of active earth pressure of rigid retaining wall subjected to earthquake.Environmental Earth Sciences 77:232.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-018-7325-6
Yazdandoust M(2017a)Investigation on the seismic performance of steel-strip reinforced-soil retaining walls using shaking table test.Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 97:216-232.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2017.03.011
Yazdandoust M(2017b)Experimental study on seismic response of soil-nailed walls with permanent facing.Soil Dynamics&Earthquake Engineering 98:101-119.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2017.04.009
Zhang JJ,Han PF(2012)Displacement based seismic design method for gravity retaining walls-Large scale shaking table tests.Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering 34(3):417-423.(In Chinese)
Zhu HW,Yao LK,Liu ZS(2012)Comparison of dynamic characteristics between netted and packaged reinforced soil retaining walls and recommendations for seismic design.Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering 34(11):2072-2080.(In Chinese)
Anasua G,Dilip KB(2016)Reliability coupled sensitivity-based seismic analysis of gravity retaining wall using pseudostatic approach.Journal of Geotechnical&Geoenvironmental Engineering 142(6):325-336.https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001467
Bathurst RJ,Hatami K(1998)Seismic response analysis of a geosynthetic-reinforced soil retaining wall.Geosynthetics International 5(1-2):127-166.https://doi.org/10.1680/gein.5.0117
Bergado DT,Lo KH,Chai JC(1992)Pullout tests using steel grid reinforcements with low-quality backfill.Journal of Geotechnical Engineering 118(7):1047-1062.https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1992)118:7(1047)
Bhattacharya S,Lombardi D,Dihoru L(2012)Model container design for soil-structure interaction studies.In:Role of Seismic Testing Facilities in Performance-Based Earthquake Engineering.Springer,Dordrecht.pp 135-158.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1977-4_8
Callisto L,Soccodato FM(2010)Seismic design of flexible cantilevered retaining walls.Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering ASCE 136(2):344-354.https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000216
Cattoni E,Cecconi M,Pane V,et al.(2012)Development of DDBD method for retaining walls subjected to seismic loads.In:International conference on performance-based design in earthquake geotechnical engineering,Taormina,Italy,pp1510-1521.
Dubrova GA(2013)Interaction between soils and structures.Rechnoi Transport 42(3):40-45.(In Russian)
Gazetas G,Psarropoulos PN,Anastasopoulos I,Gerolymos N(2004)Seismic behaviour of flexible retaining systems subjected to short-duration moderately strong excitation.Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 24(7):537-550.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2004.02.005
Green RA,Olgun CG,Cameron WI(2008)Response and modeling of cantilever retaining walls subjected to seismic motions.Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering 23(4):309-322.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8667.2007.00538.x
Jiang LW,Yao LK,Wang J(2009)Similitude for shaking table model test on side slope relating to dynamic characteristics and strength.Journal of Transport Science and Engineering25(2):1-7.(In Chinese)
Kim DS,Lee SH,Choo YW,Perdriat J(2013)Self-balanced earthquake simulator on centrifuge and dynamic performance verification.KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering17(4):651-661.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-013-1591-3
Lee SH,Choo YW,Kim DS(2013)Performance of an equivalent shear beam(ESB)model container for dynamic geotechnical centrifuge tests.Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 44:102-114.
Mononobe N,Matsuo H(1929)On the determination of earth pressure during earthquakes.Proc.World engineering congress,Tokyo,Vol.9.p.388.
Okabe S(1924)General theory of earth pressures and seismic stability of retaining wall and dam.J Japanese Society of Civil Engineers,Vol 12,No.1.
Pain A,Choudhury D,Bhattacharyya SK(2017)Effect of dynamic soil properties and frequency content of harmonic excitation on the internal stability of reinforced soil retaining structure.Geotextiles and Geomembranes 45(5):471-486.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2017.07.003
Panah AK,Yazdi M,Ghalandarzadeh A(2015)Shaking table tests on soil retaining walls reinforced by polymeric strips.Geotextiles and Geomembranes 43(2):148-161.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2015.01.001
Roozbeh GM,Gabriel C,Nicholas S(2016)Seismic earth pressures on retaining structures and basement walls in cohesionless soils.Journal of Geotechnical&Geoenvironmental Engineering 142(10):415-423.https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001507
Shahgholi M,Fakher A,Jones CJFP(2001)Horizontal slice method of analysis.Geotechnique 51(10):881-885.https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.51.10.881.41058
Tatsuoka F,Munoz H,Kuroda T(2012)Stability of existing bridges improved by structural integration and nailing.Soils and Foundations 52(3):430-448.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2012.05.004
Veletsos AS,Younan AH(1997)Dynamic response of cantilever retaining walls.Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 123(2):161-172.https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(1997)123:2(161)
Wang L,Chen G,Chen S(2015)Experimental study on seismic response of geogrid reinforced rigid retaining walls with saturated backfill sand.Geotextiles and Geomembranes43(1):35-45.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2014.11.006
Wang YQ,Shi SY(1983)Nonlinear distribution of earth pressure during earthquake.Journal of Hohai University 4(1):61-72.(In Chinese)
Whitman RV(1990)Seismic design behaviour of gravity retaining walls.In:Proceedings of ASCE specialty conference on design and performance of earth retaining structures.ASCE Geotechnical Specialty Publication,New York,25 pp817-842
Yang CW,Zhang JJ,Wang ZZ,et al.(2018)Research on timefrequency analysis method of active earth pressure of rigid retaining wall subjected to earthquake.Environmental Earth Sciences 77:232.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-018-7325-6
Yazdandoust M(2017a)Investigation on the seismic performance of steel-strip reinforced-soil retaining walls using shaking table test.Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 97:216-232.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2017.03.011
Yazdandoust M(2017b)Experimental study on seismic response of soil-nailed walls with permanent facing.Soil Dynamics&Earthquake Engineering 98:101-119.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2017.04.009
Zhang JJ,Han PF(2012)Displacement based seismic design method for gravity retaining walls-Large scale shaking table tests.Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering 34(3):417-423.(In Chinese)
Zhu HW,Yao LK,Liu ZS(2012)Comparison of dynamic characteristics between netted and packaged reinforced soil retaining walls and recommendations for seismic design.Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering 34(11):2072-2080.(In Chinese)