论资本主义制度下资本与生态的二律背反
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摘要
工业革命后,人类社会生产力取得巨大发展,经济建设成绩斐然,但生态环境问题也随之频现。马克思主义经典作家对资本展开了激烈批判,资本具有逐利性与增值性,而地球资源却是有限的,马克思主义经典著作中也对资本与生态的不可调和性进行了描述。西方比较有代表的学派,比如生态马克思主义学派、有机马克思主义学派也对资本主义制度的反生态本性进行了揭露和批判。资本主义发展史也是一部生态破坏史,为了自身经济利益忽视其应该承担的国际责任,且通过生态殖民主义向发展中国家转嫁污染物等。
After the Industrial Revolution, the productivity of human society has achieved tremendous development, and remarkable achievements have been made in economic development. But the eco-environmental problems have also occurred frequently. Classical writers of Marxism have fiercely criticized capitalism for its profit-seeking and value-added characteristics, which contradicts with the limitation of earth resources. We can find many descriptions about the irreconcilability between capital and ecology in Marxist classics. Some representative schools in the West, such as the Ecological Marxist School and the Organic Marxist School, also exposed and criticized the anti-ecological nature of the capitalist system. The history of capitalist development is a history of ecological destruction. The economic achievements of capitalist countries are at the cost of destroying the ecological environment. For their own economic interests, they neglect the international responsibilities. What's worse, they transfer pollutants to the developing countries by ecological colonialism. The socialist system has great superiority in developing ecological civilization and solving the contradiction between man and nature.
After the Industrial Revolution, the productivity of human society has achieved tremendous development, and remarkable achievements have been made in economic development. But the eco-environmental problems have also occurred frequently. Classical writers of Marxism have fiercely criticized capitalism for its profit-seeking and value-added characteristics, which contradicts with the limitation of earth resources. We can find many descriptions about the irreconcilability between capital and ecology in Marxist classics. Some representative schools in the West, such as the Ecological Marxist School and the Organic Marxist School, also exposed and criticized the anti-ecological nature of the capitalist system. The history of capitalist development is a history of ecological destruction. The economic achievements of capitalist countries are at the cost of destroying the ecological environment. For their own economic interests, they neglect the international responsibilities. What's worse, they transfer pollutants to the developing countries by ecological colonialism. The socialist system has great superiority in developing ecological civilization and solving the contradiction between man and nature.
引文
[1]马克思恩格斯文集:第5卷[M].北京:人民出版社,2009:871.
[2]马克思恩格斯文集:第1卷[M].北京:人民出版社,2009:161.
[3]周光迅,王敬雅.资本主义制度才是生态危机的真正根源[J].马克思主义研究,2015(8):135—144.
[4]马克思恩格斯全集:第46卷[M].北京:人民出版社,2003:393.
[5]马克思恩格斯文集:第1卷[M].北京:人民出版社,2009:185.
[6]约翰·贝拉米·福斯特.生态危机与资本主义[M].耿建新,宋兴无,译.上海:上海译文出版社,2006:3—4.
[7]Andre G.Critique of Economic Reason[M].London and New York:Verso,1989:19.
[8]Andre G.Capitalism,Socialism Ecology[M].Lodon and New York:Verso,1994:32.
[9]詹姆斯·奥康纳.自然的理由——生态马克思主义研究[M].唐正东,臧佩洪,译.南京:南京大学出版社,2003:284.
[10]本·阿格尔.西方马克思主义概论[M].慎之,译.北京:中国人民大学出版社,1991:485.
[11]菲利普·克莱顿,贾斯廷·海因泽克.有机马克思主义——生态灾难与资本主义的替代选择[M].孟献丽,于桂凤,张丽霞,译.北京:人民出版社,2015:6.
[12]汪信砚.有机马克思主义与马克思的马克思主义[J].哲学研究,2015(11):3—10.
[13]陶正付.气候外交背后的利益博弈[J].中国社会科学院研究生院学报,2009(1):125—130.
[14]曹方超.拒绝洋垃圾进口须练好固废回收“内功”[N].中国经济时报,2017—08—02(02).
[2]马克思恩格斯文集:第1卷[M].北京:人民出版社,2009:161.
[3]周光迅,王敬雅.资本主义制度才是生态危机的真正根源[J].马克思主义研究,2015(8):135—144.
[4]马克思恩格斯全集:第46卷[M].北京:人民出版社,2003:393.
[5]马克思恩格斯文集:第1卷[M].北京:人民出版社,2009:185.
[6]约翰·贝拉米·福斯特.生态危机与资本主义[M].耿建新,宋兴无,译.上海:上海译文出版社,2006:3—4.
[7]Andre G.Critique of Economic Reason[M].London and New York:Verso,1989:19.
[8]Andre G.Capitalism,Socialism Ecology[M].Lodon and New York:Verso,1994:32.
[9]詹姆斯·奥康纳.自然的理由——生态马克思主义研究[M].唐正东,臧佩洪,译.南京:南京大学出版社,2003:284.
[10]本·阿格尔.西方马克思主义概论[M].慎之,译.北京:中国人民大学出版社,1991:485.
[11]菲利普·克莱顿,贾斯廷·海因泽克.有机马克思主义——生态灾难与资本主义的替代选择[M].孟献丽,于桂凤,张丽霞,译.北京:人民出版社,2015:6.
[12]汪信砚.有机马克思主义与马克思的马克思主义[J].哲学研究,2015(11):3—10.
[13]陶正付.气候外交背后的利益博弈[J].中国社会科学院研究生院学报,2009(1):125—130.
[14]曹方超.拒绝洋垃圾进口须练好固废回收“内功”[N].中国经济时报,2017—08—02(02).