影响政府对民众信任的因素有哪些?——以上海市公务员为考察对象的探索性研究
|
摘要
政府与民众间的信任问题是公共管理领域的重点研究议题,是理解政府治理现代化与民主化的基础。已有的研究往往忽略了政府与民众信任的双向性,在过多关注民众对政府信任问题的同时,回避了政府对民众的信任这一关键议题。运用描述性统计和层级回归模型分析以公务员为对象的调研数据,不仅能够准确认知政府公务员对民众的信任程度,而且有利于进一步探讨影响政府对民众信任的相关因素,从而为新时代背景下重塑官民互信关系、提升政府公信力提供微观层面的经验支持。
The trust between the government and the public is a key research topic in the field of public administration and is the basis for understanding the modernization of government governance and the democratization in China. However,existing studies have neglected the mutual nature of trust,paying too much attention to the government trust but evading the key issue of the government's trust in citizens. Based on the existing theories and literature,this paper takes civil Servants in of Shanghai city as the sample,analyzes the degree of government's trust in citizens and comprehensively appliesuses hierarchical regression model to discusses the key affecting factors of the government's trust in citizens,in order to provide empirical evidence for reshaping the relationship between governments and citizens and enhancing the government credibility in the new era.
The trust between the government and the public is a key research topic in the field of public administration and is the basis for understanding the modernization of government governance and the democratization in China. However,existing studies have neglected the mutual nature of trust,paying too much attention to the government trust but evading the key issue of the government's trust in citizens. Based on the existing theories and literature,this paper takes civil Servants in of Shanghai city as the sample,analyzes the degree of government's trust in citizens and comprehensively appliesuses hierarchical regression model to discusses the key affecting factors of the government's trust in citizens,in order to provide empirical evidence for reshaping the relationship between governments and citizens and enhancing the government credibility in the new era.
引文
[1]曾婧婧、宋娇娇:《政府对公众的信任:公众参与的桥梁——以政府公职人员为观察主体》,《公共行政评论》2017年第1期。
[2]Mayer R C,Davis J H,Schoorman F D,“An Integrative Model of Organizational Trust”,Academy of Management Review,Vol.20,No.3,1995,pp.709-734.
[3]Jones G R,George J M,“The Experience and Evolution of Trust:Implications for Cooperation and Teamwork”,Academy of Management Review,Vol.23,No.3,1998,pp.531-546.
[4]Colquitt J A,Scott B A,Lepine J A,“Trust,Trustworthiness,and Trust Propensity:A Meta-Analytic Test of Their Unique Relationships with Risk Taking and Job Performance”,Journal of Applied Psychology,Vol.92,No.4,2007,p.909.
[5]钟杨、王奎明:《关于民众对中央政府信任的多维度分析》,《政治学研究》2015年第6期。
[6]Martínez Caro,L.García M,Antonio,“Cognitive-Affective Model of Consumer Satisfaction,An Exploratory Study within the Framework of a Sporting Event”,Journal of Business Research,Vol.60,No.2,2007,pp.108-114.
[7]McAllister D J,“Affect and Cognition-Based Trust as Foundations for Interpersonal Cooperation in Organizations”,Academy of Management Journal,Vol.38,No.1,1995,pp.24-59.
[8]King,Cheryl Simrell,F.B.O.Susel,“The Question of Participation:Toward Authentic Public Participation in Public Administration”,Public Administration Review,Vol.58,No.4,1998,pp.317-326.
[9]吴晓斐、叶启绩:《精英文化的主体变迁及其教化路径》,《理论与改革》2016年第2期。
[10]后梦婷:《中国政治信任的文化来源》,《求索》2013年第12期。
[11]Neshkova M I,Guo H,“Public Participation and Organizational Performance:Evidence from State Agencies”,Journal of Public Administration Research andTheory,Vol.22,No.2,2011,pp.267-288.
[12]Tat-Kei Ho A,“Reinventing Local Governments and the E-Government Initiative”,Public Administration Review,Vol.62,No.4,2002,pp.434-444.
[13]Kweit M G,Kweit R W,“Citizen Participation and Citizen Evaluation in Disaster Recovery”,The American Review of Public Administration,Vol.34,No.4,2004,pp.354-373.
[14]刘玉东、贾志科:《市场化与政府职能的联动变革——十八届三中全会经济部署的政治保障》,《湖北社会科学》2014年第5期。
[15]Li Lianjiang,“Rights Consciousness and Rules Consciousness in Contemporary China”,The China Journal,Vol.64,2010,pp.47-68.
[16]陈剩勇、于兰兰:《网络化治理:一种新的公共治理模式》,《政治学研究》2012年第2期。
[17]Papadopoulos Y,“Cooperative Forms of Governance:Problems of Democratic Accountability in Complex Environments”,European Journal of Political Research,Vol.42,No.4,2003,pp.473-501.
[18]PierreJ,Peters B G,Governance,Politics and the State,New York:St Martin’s Press,2000.
[19]Vigoda E,“From Responsiveness to Collaboration:Governance,Citizens,and the Next Generation of Public Administration”,Public Administration Review,Vol.62,No.5,2002,pp.527-540.
[20]Chadwick A,May C,“Interaction between States and Citizens in the Age of the Internet:‘E-Government’”in the United States,Britain,and the European U-nion”,Governance,Vol.16,No.2,2010,pp.271-300.
[21]芮国强、宋典:《公民参与、公民表达与政府信任关系研究——基于“批判性公民”的视角》,《江海学刊》2015年第4期。
[22]周义程:《网络治理中作为信任建构过程的社会契约》,《学海》2013年第4期。
[23]Kramer R M,Tyler T R,“Trust in Organizations:Frontiers of Theory and Research”,Administrative Science Quarterly,Vol.43,No.1,1996,pp.16-38.
[24]Liebeskind J P,Oliver A L,Zucker L,et al,“Social Networks,Learning,and Flexibility:Sourcing Scientific Knowledge in New Biotechnology Firms”,Organization Science,Vol.7,No.4,1996,pp.428-443.
[25]Yang K,“Public Administrators’Trust in Citizens:AMissing Link in Citizen Involvement Efforts”,Public Administration Review,Vol.65,No.3,2005,pp.273-285.
[26]Melkers J,Thomas J C,“What Do Administrators Think Citizens Think?Administrator Predictions As an Adjunct to Citizen Surveys”,Public Administration Review,Vol.58,No.4,1998,pp.327-334.
[27]Van Wart M,“The First Step in the Reinvention Process:Assessment”,Public Administration Review,Vol.55,No.5,1995,pp.429-438.
[28]Jong Lee S,Jeong Yu H,“Factors Affecting Public Servants’Trust in Citizens:A Case Study of South Korean Central Government Officials”,International Review of Public Administration,Vol.18,No.3,2013,pp.85-114.
[29]Peel M,“Trusting Disadvantaged Citizens”,In Valerie Braithwaite and Margaret Levi,eds.,Trust and Governance.New York:Russell Sage Foundation,1998,pp.315-342.
[30]Moorman C,Zaltman G,Deshpande R,“Relationships Between Providers and Users of Market Research:The Dynamics of Trust”,Journal of Marketing Research,Vol.29,No.3,1992,pp.314-328.
[31]Rempel J K,Holmes J G,Zanna M P,“Trust in Close Relationships”,Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,Vol.49,No.1,1985,p.95.
[32]Mayer R C,Davis J H,“The Effect of the Performance Appraisal System on Trust for Management:AField Quasi-Experiment”,Journal of Applied Psychology,Vol.84,No.1,1999,p.123.
[33]Rotter J B,“Generalized Expectancies for Interpersonal Trust”,American Psychologist,Vol.26,No.5,1971,p.443.
[2]Mayer R C,Davis J H,Schoorman F D,“An Integrative Model of Organizational Trust”,Academy of Management Review,Vol.20,No.3,1995,pp.709-734.
[3]Jones G R,George J M,“The Experience and Evolution of Trust:Implications for Cooperation and Teamwork”,Academy of Management Review,Vol.23,No.3,1998,pp.531-546.
[4]Colquitt J A,Scott B A,Lepine J A,“Trust,Trustworthiness,and Trust Propensity:A Meta-Analytic Test of Their Unique Relationships with Risk Taking and Job Performance”,Journal of Applied Psychology,Vol.92,No.4,2007,p.909.
[5]钟杨、王奎明:《关于民众对中央政府信任的多维度分析》,《政治学研究》2015年第6期。
[6]Martínez Caro,L.García M,Antonio,“Cognitive-Affective Model of Consumer Satisfaction,An Exploratory Study within the Framework of a Sporting Event”,Journal of Business Research,Vol.60,No.2,2007,pp.108-114.
[7]McAllister D J,“Affect and Cognition-Based Trust as Foundations for Interpersonal Cooperation in Organizations”,Academy of Management Journal,Vol.38,No.1,1995,pp.24-59.
[8]King,Cheryl Simrell,F.B.O.Susel,“The Question of Participation:Toward Authentic Public Participation in Public Administration”,Public Administration Review,Vol.58,No.4,1998,pp.317-326.
[9]吴晓斐、叶启绩:《精英文化的主体变迁及其教化路径》,《理论与改革》2016年第2期。
[10]后梦婷:《中国政治信任的文化来源》,《求索》2013年第12期。
[11]Neshkova M I,Guo H,“Public Participation and Organizational Performance:Evidence from State Agencies”,Journal of Public Administration Research andTheory,Vol.22,No.2,2011,pp.267-288.
[12]Tat-Kei Ho A,“Reinventing Local Governments and the E-Government Initiative”,Public Administration Review,Vol.62,No.4,2002,pp.434-444.
[13]Kweit M G,Kweit R W,“Citizen Participation and Citizen Evaluation in Disaster Recovery”,The American Review of Public Administration,Vol.34,No.4,2004,pp.354-373.
[14]刘玉东、贾志科:《市场化与政府职能的联动变革——十八届三中全会经济部署的政治保障》,《湖北社会科学》2014年第5期。
[15]Li Lianjiang,“Rights Consciousness and Rules Consciousness in Contemporary China”,The China Journal,Vol.64,2010,pp.47-68.
[16]陈剩勇、于兰兰:《网络化治理:一种新的公共治理模式》,《政治学研究》2012年第2期。
[17]Papadopoulos Y,“Cooperative Forms of Governance:Problems of Democratic Accountability in Complex Environments”,European Journal of Political Research,Vol.42,No.4,2003,pp.473-501.
[18]PierreJ,Peters B G,Governance,Politics and the State,New York:St Martin’s Press,2000.
[19]Vigoda E,“From Responsiveness to Collaboration:Governance,Citizens,and the Next Generation of Public Administration”,Public Administration Review,Vol.62,No.5,2002,pp.527-540.
[20]Chadwick A,May C,“Interaction between States and Citizens in the Age of the Internet:‘E-Government’”in the United States,Britain,and the European U-nion”,Governance,Vol.16,No.2,2010,pp.271-300.
[21]芮国强、宋典:《公民参与、公民表达与政府信任关系研究——基于“批判性公民”的视角》,《江海学刊》2015年第4期。
[22]周义程:《网络治理中作为信任建构过程的社会契约》,《学海》2013年第4期。
[23]Kramer R M,Tyler T R,“Trust in Organizations:Frontiers of Theory and Research”,Administrative Science Quarterly,Vol.43,No.1,1996,pp.16-38.
[24]Liebeskind J P,Oliver A L,Zucker L,et al,“Social Networks,Learning,and Flexibility:Sourcing Scientific Knowledge in New Biotechnology Firms”,Organization Science,Vol.7,No.4,1996,pp.428-443.
[25]Yang K,“Public Administrators’Trust in Citizens:AMissing Link in Citizen Involvement Efforts”,Public Administration Review,Vol.65,No.3,2005,pp.273-285.
[26]Melkers J,Thomas J C,“What Do Administrators Think Citizens Think?Administrator Predictions As an Adjunct to Citizen Surveys”,Public Administration Review,Vol.58,No.4,1998,pp.327-334.
[27]Van Wart M,“The First Step in the Reinvention Process:Assessment”,Public Administration Review,Vol.55,No.5,1995,pp.429-438.
[28]Jong Lee S,Jeong Yu H,“Factors Affecting Public Servants’Trust in Citizens:A Case Study of South Korean Central Government Officials”,International Review of Public Administration,Vol.18,No.3,2013,pp.85-114.
[29]Peel M,“Trusting Disadvantaged Citizens”,In Valerie Braithwaite and Margaret Levi,eds.,Trust and Governance.New York:Russell Sage Foundation,1998,pp.315-342.
[30]Moorman C,Zaltman G,Deshpande R,“Relationships Between Providers and Users of Market Research:The Dynamics of Trust”,Journal of Marketing Research,Vol.29,No.3,1992,pp.314-328.
[31]Rempel J K,Holmes J G,Zanna M P,“Trust in Close Relationships”,Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,Vol.49,No.1,1985,p.95.
[32]Mayer R C,Davis J H,“The Effect of the Performance Appraisal System on Trust for Management:AField Quasi-Experiment”,Journal of Applied Psychology,Vol.84,No.1,1999,p.123.
[33]Rotter J B,“Generalized Expectancies for Interpersonal Trust”,American Psychologist,Vol.26,No.5,1971,p.443.