铁板电絮凝同时去除氟和镉
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摘要
采用改进平行单极电絮凝连接方式进行F~-和Cd~(2+)去除效果的研究。结果表明,当初始F~-和Cd~(2+)的质量浓度分别为5 mg/L和0.5 mg/L时,优化的工况条件为:初始pH=11、电流密度9.8 m A/cm~2、NaCl的质量浓度为0.75 g/L、极板间距0.5 cm、电解时间55 min。此时F~-、Cd~(2+)去除率分别大于89.12%、99.99%;出水F~-、Cd~(2+)的质量浓度分别为0.54 mg/L、5μg/L,均符合GB 5749-2006要求。处理费用为5.78～8.73元/m~3。傅立叶变换红外光谱仪和X射线衍射仪分析表明,F~-和Cd~(2+)的去除主要是通过吸附沉淀的方式被去除的。该方法污泥量少、易脱水、高效节能等优势。
An improved iron parallel unipolar electrocoagulation connection technology for F~- and Cd~(2+)removal were studied. The results showed that,when initial mass concentration of F~-and Cd~(2+)was 5 mg/L and 0.5 mg/L respectively, the optimal operating conditions were as follow, the initial pH,current density, mass concentration of electrolyte Na Cl, plate spacing and electrolysis time was 11, 9.8 m A/cm~2, 0.75 g/L, 0.5 cm and 55 min respectively,the removal rate of F~-and Cd~(2+)was higher than 89.12% and 99.99% respectively. The mass concentration of F~- and Cd~(2+)in effluent was 0.54 mg/L and5 μg/L respectively, which met the requirement of GB 5749-2006. The treatment cost was 5.78～8.73 yuan/m~3. The analysis of FT-IR and XRD showed that the removal of F~- and Cd~(2+)ions were mainly due to the absorption and precipitation. This method has advantages of low sludge quantity, easy dehydration and high efficient.
An improved iron parallel unipolar electrocoagulation connection technology for F~- and Cd~(2+)removal were studied. The results showed that,when initial mass concentration of F~-and Cd~(2+)was 5 mg/L and 0.5 mg/L respectively, the optimal operating conditions were as follow, the initial pH,current density, mass concentration of electrolyte Na Cl, plate spacing and electrolysis time was 11, 9.8 m A/cm~2, 0.75 g/L, 0.5 cm and 55 min respectively,the removal rate of F~-and Cd~(2+)was higher than 89.12% and 99.99% respectively. The mass concentration of F~- and Cd~(2+)in effluent was 0.54 mg/L and5 μg/L respectively, which met the requirement of GB 5749-2006. The treatment cost was 5.78～8.73 yuan/m~3. The analysis of FT-IR and XRD showed that the removal of F~- and Cd~(2+)ions were mainly due to the absorption and precipitation. This method has advantages of low sludge quantity, easy dehydration and high efficient.
引文
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[17]GOVINDAN K,RAJA M,UMA MAHESHWARI S,et al.Comparison and understanding of fluoride removal mechanism in Ca2+,Mg2+and Al3+ion assisted electrocoagulation process using Fe and Al electrodes[J].Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering,2015,3(3):1784-1793.
[2]KADIRVELU K,NAMASIVAYAM C,THAMARAISELVI K.Removal of heavy metals from industrial wastewaters by adsorption onto activated carbon prepared from an agricultural solid waste[J].Bioresource Technology,2001,76(1):63-65.
[3]SATYRO S,RACE M,NATALE F D,et al.Simultaneous removal of heavy metals from field-polluted soils and treatment of soil washing effluents through combined adsorption and artificial sunlight-driven photocatalytic processes[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2016,283(3):1484-1493.
[4]KOCAOBA S.Comparison of Amberlite IR 120 and dolomite's performances for removal of heavy metals[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2007,147(1/2):488-496.
[5]PURKAYASTHA D,MISHRA U,BISWAS S.A comprehensive review on Cd(II)removal from aqueous solution[J].Journal of Water Process Engineering,2014(2):105-128.
[6]PATEL F,KHRAISHEH M,ATIEH M A,et al.Novel aluminum oxide-impregnated carbon nanotube membrane for the removal of cadmium from aqueous solution[J].Materials,2017,10(10):1144.
[7]VASUDEVAN S,LAKSHMI J,SOZHAN G.Effects of alternating and direct current in electrocoagulation process on the removal of cadmium from water[J].Separation&Purification Technology,2011,192(1):26-34.
[8]伍启文,袁金鹏,刘聃,等.铝板电絮凝处理有机磷农药废水[J].水处理技术,2016,42(2):68-71.
[9]AOUDJ S,KHELIFA A,DROUICHE N,et al.Simultaneous removal of chromium(VI)and fluoride by electrocoagulation-electroflotation:Application of a hybrid Fe-Al anode[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2015,267:153-162.
[10]GHOSH D,MEDHI C R,PURKAIT M K.Treatment of fluoride containing drinking water by electrocoagulation using monopolar and bipolar electrode connections[J].Chemosphere,2008,73(9):1393-1400.
[11]MAMERI N,YEDDOU A R,LOUNICI H,et al.Defluoridation of septentrional Sahara water of north Africa by electrocoagulation process using bipolar aluminium electrodes[J].Water Research,1998,32(5):1604-1612.
[12]谭竹,杨朝晖,徐海音,等.铝铁电极联用电絮凝法处理Cu-EDTA络合废水[J].环境工程学报,2014,8(8):3167-3173.
[13]HAMDAN S S,EL-NAAS M H.Characterization of the removal of Chromium(VI)from groundwater by electrocoagulation[J].Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry,2014,20(5):2775-2781.
[14]THAKUR L S,MONDAL P.Simultaneous arsenic and fluoride removal from synthetic and real groundwater by electrocoagulation process:Parametric and cost evaluation[J].J Environ Manage,2017,190:102-112.
[15]生活饮用水卫生标准:GB 5749-2006[S].
[16]WU G,TAN X,LI G,et al.Effect of preparation method on the physical and catalytic property of nanocrystalline Fe2O3[J].Journal of Alloys&Compounds,2010,504(2):371-376.
[17]GOVINDAN K,RAJA M,UMA MAHESHWARI S,et al.Comparison and understanding of fluoride removal mechanism in Ca2+,Mg2+and Al3+ion assisted electrocoagulation process using Fe and Al electrodes[J].Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering,2015,3(3):1784-1793.