Downhole Microseismic Source Location Based on a Multi-Dimensional DIRECT Algorithm for Unconventional Oil and Gas Reservoir Exploration
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摘要
Downhole microseismic data has the significant advantages of high signal-to-noise ratio and well-developed P and S waves and the core component of microseismic monitoring is microseismic event location associated with hydraulic fracturing in a relatively high confidence level and accuracy. In this study, we present a multidimensional DIRECT inversion method for microseismic locations and applicability tests over modeling data based on a downhole microseismic monitoring system. Synthetic tests inidcate that the objective function of locations can be defined as a multi-dimensional matrix space by employing the global optimization DIRECT algorithm, because it can be run without the initial value and objective function derivation, and the discretely scattered objective points lead to an expeditious contraction of objective functions in each dimension. This study shows that the DIRECT algorithm can be extensively applied in real downhole microseismic monitoring data from hydraulic fracturing completions. Therefore, the methodology, based on a multidimensional DIRECT algorithm, can provide significant high accuracy and convergent efficiency as well as robust computation for interpretable spatiotemporal microseismic evolution, which is more suitable for real-time processing of a large amount of downhole microseismic monitoring data.
Downhole microseismic data has the significant advantages of high signal-to-noise ratio and well-developed P and S waves and the core component of microseismic monitoring is microseismic event location associated with hydraulic fracturing in a relatively high confidence level and accuracy. In this study, we present a multidimensional DIRECT inversion method for microseismic locations and applicability tests over modeling data based on a downhole microseismic monitoring system. Synthetic tests inidcate that the objective function of locations can be defined as a multi-dimensional matrix space by employing the global optimization DIRECT algorithm, because it can be run without the initial value and objective function derivation, and the discretely scattered objective points lead to an expeditious contraction of objective functions in each dimension. This study shows that the DIRECT algorithm can be extensively applied in real downhole microseismic monitoring data from hydraulic fracturing completions. Therefore, the methodology, based on a multidimensional DIRECT algorithm, can provide significant high accuracy and convergent efficiency as well as robust computation for interpretable spatiotemporal microseismic evolution, which is more suitable for real-time processing of a large amount of downhole microseismic monitoring data.
Downhole microseismic data has the significant advantages of high signal-to-noise ratio and well-developed P and S waves and the core component of microseismic monitoring is microseismic event location associated with hydraulic fracturing in a relatively high confidence level and accuracy. In this study, we present a multidimensional DIRECT inversion method for microseismic locations and applicability tests over modeling data based on a downhole microseismic monitoring system. Synthetic tests inidcate that the objective function of locations can be defined as a multi-dimensional matrix space by employing the global optimization DIRECT algorithm, because it can be run without the initial value and objective function derivation, and the discretely scattered objective points lead to an expeditious contraction of objective functions in each dimension. This study shows that the DIRECT algorithm can be extensively applied in real downhole microseismic monitoring data from hydraulic fracturing completions. Therefore, the methodology, based on a multidimensional DIRECT algorithm, can provide significant high accuracy and convergent efficiency as well as robust computation for interpretable spatiotemporal microseismic evolution, which is more suitable for real-time processing of a large amount of downhole microseismic monitoring data.
引文
Akram,J.,and Eaton,D.W.,2017.1D layered velocity models and microseismic event locations:synthetic examples for a case with a single linear receiver array.Journal of Geophysics and Engineering,14(5):1215-1224.
Alfataierge,A.,Miskimins,J.L.,Davis,T.L.,and Benson,R.D.,2019.3D Hydraulic-fracture simulation integrated with 4Dtime-lapse multicomponent seismic and microseismici interpretations,Wattenberg field,Colorado.SPE Production&Operations,34(1):57-71.
Birialtsev,E.V.,Demidov,D.E.,and Mokshin,E.V.,2017.Determination of moment tensor and location of microseismic events under conditions of highly correlated noise based on the maximum likelihood method.Geophysical Prospecting,65(6):1510-1526.
Caffagni,E.,Eaton,D.W.,Jones,J.P.,and Baan,M.V.D.,2016.Detection and analysis of microseismic events using a matched filtering algorithm(MFA).Geophysical Journal International,206(1):ggw168-ggw658.
Chang,Y.Z.,·Hung,K.T.,·and Lee,S.T.,2008.Human face detection with neural networks and the DIRECT algorithm.Artificial Life and Robotics,12(1-2):112-115.
Chen,H.C.,,Meng,X.B.,Niu,F.L.,and Tang,Y.C.,2018.Microseismic monitoring of stimulating shale gas reservoir in SW China:2.Spatial clustering controlled by the preexisting faults and fractures.Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth,123(2):1659-1672.
Chen,Y.K.,Zhang,H.J.,Miao,Y.Y.,Zhang,Y.S.,and Liu,Q.,2017.Back azimuth constrained double-difference seismic location and tomography for downhole microseismic monitoring.Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors,264:35-46.
Debotyam,M.,and Iraj,S.,2016.Neuro-evolutionary event detection technique for downhole microseismic surveys.Computers&Geosciences,86:23-33.
Gablonsky,J.M.,and Kelley,C.T.,2001.A locally-biased form of the DIRECT algorithm.Journal of Global Optimization,21:27-37.
Gao,J.,and Zhang,H.J.,2017.An efficient joint inversion strategy for 3D seismic travel time and DC resistivity data based on cross-gradient structure constraint.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,60(9):3628-3641(in Chinese with English abstract).
Geiger,L.,1912.Probability method for the determination of earthquake epicenters from the arrival time only(translated from Geiger’s 1910German article).Bulletin of St.Louis University,8(1):56-71.
Grechka,V.,and Yaskevich,S.,2014.Azimuthal anisotropy in Microseismic monitoring:A Bakken case study.Geophysics,79(1):KS1-KS12.
Hawthorne,J.C.,and Ampuero,J.P.,2017.A phase coherence approach to identifying co-located earthquakes and tremor.Geophysical Journal International,209:623-642.
Jones,D.R.,Perttunen,C.D.,and Stuckman,B.E.,1993.Lipschitz optimization without Lipschitz constant.Journal of Optimization Theory and Application.79(1):157-181.
Jones,G.A.,Kendall,J.M.,Bastow,I.D.,and Raymer,D.G.,2014.Locating microseismic events using borehole data.Geophysical Prospecting,62(1):34-49.
Lagos,S.R.,Sabbione,J.I.,and Velis,D.R.,2014.Very fast simulated annealing and particle swarm optimization for microseismic event location.Expanded Abstracts.Society of Exploration Geophysicists,2188-2192.
Li,J.,Gao,Y.T.,Xie,Y.L.,Zhou,Y.,and Yang,K.,2014.Improvement of microseism locating based on simplex method without velocity measuring.Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,33(7):1336-1345(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li,L.,Tan,J.Q.,Xie,Y.J.,Tan,Y.Y.,Walda,J.,Zhao,Z.G.,and Gajewski,D.,2019.Waveform-based microseismic location using stochastic optimization algorithms:A parameter tuning workflow.Computers&Geosciences,124:115-127.
Li,M.,Li,H.F.,Tao,G.,Ali,M.,and Guo,Y.H.,2019.Microseismic event location using multi-scale time reversed imaging.Journal Of Petroleum Science And Engineering,174:144-160.
Lin,W.,2016.A review on shale reservoirs as an unconventional play-the history,technology revolution,importance to oil and gas industry,and the development future.Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition),90(5):1887-1902.
Liu,L.F.,Wang,Y.,Chen,Y.T.,Shen,B.J.,and Gao,X.Y.,2018.Gas occurrence and accumulation characteristics of Cambrian-Ordovician shales in the Tarim Basin,northwest China.Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition),92(5):1948-1958.
Maxwell,S.C.,Rutledge,J.,Jones,R.,and Fehler,M.,2010.Petroleum reservoir characterization using downhole microseismic monitoring.Geophysics,75(5):A129-A137.
Meng,X.B.,Chen,H.C.,Niu,F.L.,and Tang,Y.C.,2018.Microseismic Monitoring of Stimulating Shale Gas Reservoir in SW China:1.An Improved Matching and Locating Technique for Downhole Monitoring.Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth,123(2):1643-1658.
Pei,D.G.,Quirein,J.A.,Cornish,B.E.,and Quinn,D.,2009.Velocity calibration for microseismic monitoring:a very fast simulated annealing(VFSA)approach for joint-objective optimization.Geophysics,74(6):47-55.
Peter,A.G.,Kwiseon,K.,Wesley,B.J.,et al.,2007 Surface passivation optimization using DIRECT.Journal of Computational Physics,224:824-835.
Soledad,R.L.,and Danilo,R.V.,2018.Microseismic event location using global optimization algorithms:An integrated and automated workflow.Journal of Applied Geophysics,149:18-24.
Song,F.X.,and Toks?z,M.N.,2011.Full-waveform based complete moment tensor inversion and source parameter estimation from downhole micromseismic data for hydrofracture monitoring.Geophysics,76(6):103-116.
Song,W.Q.,and Yang,X.D.,2012.The multi-wave field forward simulation of microseismic based on ray tracing.Process of geophysics,27(4):1501-1508(in Chinese with English abstract).
Song,W.Q.,Zhu,H.W.,Jiang,Y.D.,2013.Bayesian inversion method for surface monitoring microseismic data.Geophysics prospecting for petroleum,52(1):11-16(in Chinese with English abstract).
Tan,Y.Y.,Li,L.L.,Zhang,X.,and He,C.,2017.An improved method for microseismic source location based on grid search.Chinese Journal of Geophysics-Chinese Edition,60(1):293-304(in Chinese with English abstract).
Waldhauser,F.,and Ellsworth,W.L.,2000.A double-difference earthquake location algorithm:Method and application to the northern Hayward fault,California.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.90(6):1353-1368.
Wang,Y.H.,2016.Grid-search method on micro-seismic source fast location based on DIRECT algorithm.Progress in Geophysics,31(4):1700-1708(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wei,X.,Wu,Y.Z.,and Chen,L.P.,2012.DIRECT global optimization method using radial basis functions.Journal Huazhong University of Science&Technology(Natural Science Edition),40(5):6-9(in Chinese with English abstract).
Woo,J.U.,Kim,J.,and Kang,T.S.,2017.Characteristics in hypocenters of microseismic events due to hydraulic fracturing and natural faults:a case study in the Horn River Basin,Canada.Geosciences Journal,21(5):683-694.
Yuan,D.,and Li,A.B.,2017.Joint inversion for effective anisotropic velocity model and event locations using S-wave splitting measurements from downhole microseismic data.Geophysics,82(3):C133-C143.
Zhang,H.J.,and Thunder,C.H.,2003.Double-difference tomography:the method and its application to the Hayward fault,Califomia.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,93(5):1875-1889.
Zhang,H.J.,Sarkar,S.,Toks?z,M.N.,and Kuleli,H.,2009.Passive seismic tomography using induced seismicity at a petroleum field in Oman.Geophysics,74(6):WCB57-WCB69.
Zhang,J.W.,Zhang,H.J.,Zhang,Y.S.,and Liu,Q.,2016.Calibrating one-dimensional velocity model for downhole microseismic monitoring using station-pair differential arrival times based on the differential evolution method.Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors,261:124-132.
Zhang,X.L.,Zhang,F.,Li,X.Y.,Huang,X.R.,and Chen,S.Q.,2013.The influence of hydraulic fracturing on velocity and microseismic location.Chinese J.Geophys,56(10):3552-3560(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhao,Y.,Yang,T.H.,Zhang,P.H.,and Zhou,J,R.,2017.The analysis of rock damage process based on the microseismic monitoring and numerical simulations.Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,69:1-17.
Zhu,H.B.,Yang,X.C.,Liao,R.G.,and Gao,D.W.,2017.Microseismic fracture interpretation and application based on parameters inversion.Geophysical Prospecting,56(1):150-157(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhu,W.X.,Zhang,C.X.,Zhang,W.B.,Wang,Z.H.,and Tian,Z.C.,2015.Seismic spectral inversion based on simulated annealing.Oil geophysical prospecting,50(3):495-501,515(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhu,Y.D.,Wang,J.L.,Sun,F.,Lü,H.,Lin,J.and Chen,Z.B.,2017.Micro-seismic monitoring and instrument for hydraulic fracturing in the low-permeability oilfield.Chinese Journal of Geophysics-Chinese Edition,60(11):4282-4293(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhuang,D.Y.,Ma,K.,Tang,C.N.,Cui,X.,and Yang,G.Q.,2019.Study on crack formation and propagation in the galleries of the Dagangshan high arch dam in Southwest China based on microseismic monitoring and numerical simulation.International Journal Of Rock Mechanics And Mining Sciences,115:157-172.
Zou,C.N.,Yang,Z.,Zhu,R.K.,Zhang,G.S.,Hou,L.H.,Wu,S.T.,Tao,S.Z.,Yuan,X.J.,Dong,D.Z.,Wang,Y.M.,Wang,L.,Huang,J.L.,and Wang,S.F.,2015.Progress in China's unconventional oil&gas exploration and development and theoretical technologies.Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition),89(3):938-971.
Alfataierge,A.,Miskimins,J.L.,Davis,T.L.,and Benson,R.D.,2019.3D Hydraulic-fracture simulation integrated with 4Dtime-lapse multicomponent seismic and microseismici interpretations,Wattenberg field,Colorado.SPE Production&Operations,34(1):57-71.
Birialtsev,E.V.,Demidov,D.E.,and Mokshin,E.V.,2017.Determination of moment tensor and location of microseismic events under conditions of highly correlated noise based on the maximum likelihood method.Geophysical Prospecting,65(6):1510-1526.
Caffagni,E.,Eaton,D.W.,Jones,J.P.,and Baan,M.V.D.,2016.Detection and analysis of microseismic events using a matched filtering algorithm(MFA).Geophysical Journal International,206(1):ggw168-ggw658.
Chang,Y.Z.,·Hung,K.T.,·and Lee,S.T.,2008.Human face detection with neural networks and the DIRECT algorithm.Artificial Life and Robotics,12(1-2):112-115.
Chen,H.C.,,Meng,X.B.,Niu,F.L.,and Tang,Y.C.,2018.Microseismic monitoring of stimulating shale gas reservoir in SW China:2.Spatial clustering controlled by the preexisting faults and fractures.Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth,123(2):1659-1672.
Chen,Y.K.,Zhang,H.J.,Miao,Y.Y.,Zhang,Y.S.,and Liu,Q.,2017.Back azimuth constrained double-difference seismic location and tomography for downhole microseismic monitoring.Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors,264:35-46.
Debotyam,M.,and Iraj,S.,2016.Neuro-evolutionary event detection technique for downhole microseismic surveys.Computers&Geosciences,86:23-33.
Gablonsky,J.M.,and Kelley,C.T.,2001.A locally-biased form of the DIRECT algorithm.Journal of Global Optimization,21:27-37.
Gao,J.,and Zhang,H.J.,2017.An efficient joint inversion strategy for 3D seismic travel time and DC resistivity data based on cross-gradient structure constraint.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,60(9):3628-3641(in Chinese with English abstract).
Geiger,L.,1912.Probability method for the determination of earthquake epicenters from the arrival time only(translated from Geiger’s 1910German article).Bulletin of St.Louis University,8(1):56-71.
Grechka,V.,and Yaskevich,S.,2014.Azimuthal anisotropy in Microseismic monitoring:A Bakken case study.Geophysics,79(1):KS1-KS12.
Hawthorne,J.C.,and Ampuero,J.P.,2017.A phase coherence approach to identifying co-located earthquakes and tremor.Geophysical Journal International,209:623-642.
Jones,D.R.,Perttunen,C.D.,and Stuckman,B.E.,1993.Lipschitz optimization without Lipschitz constant.Journal of Optimization Theory and Application.79(1):157-181.
Jones,G.A.,Kendall,J.M.,Bastow,I.D.,and Raymer,D.G.,2014.Locating microseismic events using borehole data.Geophysical Prospecting,62(1):34-49.
Lagos,S.R.,Sabbione,J.I.,and Velis,D.R.,2014.Very fast simulated annealing and particle swarm optimization for microseismic event location.Expanded Abstracts.Society of Exploration Geophysicists,2188-2192.
Li,J.,Gao,Y.T.,Xie,Y.L.,Zhou,Y.,and Yang,K.,2014.Improvement of microseism locating based on simplex method without velocity measuring.Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,33(7):1336-1345(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li,L.,Tan,J.Q.,Xie,Y.J.,Tan,Y.Y.,Walda,J.,Zhao,Z.G.,and Gajewski,D.,2019.Waveform-based microseismic location using stochastic optimization algorithms:A parameter tuning workflow.Computers&Geosciences,124:115-127.
Li,M.,Li,H.F.,Tao,G.,Ali,M.,and Guo,Y.H.,2019.Microseismic event location using multi-scale time reversed imaging.Journal Of Petroleum Science And Engineering,174:144-160.
Lin,W.,2016.A review on shale reservoirs as an unconventional play-the history,technology revolution,importance to oil and gas industry,and the development future.Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition),90(5):1887-1902.
Liu,L.F.,Wang,Y.,Chen,Y.T.,Shen,B.J.,and Gao,X.Y.,2018.Gas occurrence and accumulation characteristics of Cambrian-Ordovician shales in the Tarim Basin,northwest China.Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition),92(5):1948-1958.
Maxwell,S.C.,Rutledge,J.,Jones,R.,and Fehler,M.,2010.Petroleum reservoir characterization using downhole microseismic monitoring.Geophysics,75(5):A129-A137.
Meng,X.B.,Chen,H.C.,Niu,F.L.,and Tang,Y.C.,2018.Microseismic Monitoring of Stimulating Shale Gas Reservoir in SW China:1.An Improved Matching and Locating Technique for Downhole Monitoring.Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth,123(2):1643-1658.
Pei,D.G.,Quirein,J.A.,Cornish,B.E.,and Quinn,D.,2009.Velocity calibration for microseismic monitoring:a very fast simulated annealing(VFSA)approach for joint-objective optimization.Geophysics,74(6):47-55.
Peter,A.G.,Kwiseon,K.,Wesley,B.J.,et al.,2007 Surface passivation optimization using DIRECT.Journal of Computational Physics,224:824-835.
Soledad,R.L.,and Danilo,R.V.,2018.Microseismic event location using global optimization algorithms:An integrated and automated workflow.Journal of Applied Geophysics,149:18-24.
Song,F.X.,and Toks?z,M.N.,2011.Full-waveform based complete moment tensor inversion and source parameter estimation from downhole micromseismic data for hydrofracture monitoring.Geophysics,76(6):103-116.
Song,W.Q.,and Yang,X.D.,2012.The multi-wave field forward simulation of microseismic based on ray tracing.Process of geophysics,27(4):1501-1508(in Chinese with English abstract).
Song,W.Q.,Zhu,H.W.,Jiang,Y.D.,2013.Bayesian inversion method for surface monitoring microseismic data.Geophysics prospecting for petroleum,52(1):11-16(in Chinese with English abstract).
Tan,Y.Y.,Li,L.L.,Zhang,X.,and He,C.,2017.An improved method for microseismic source location based on grid search.Chinese Journal of Geophysics-Chinese Edition,60(1):293-304(in Chinese with English abstract).
Waldhauser,F.,and Ellsworth,W.L.,2000.A double-difference earthquake location algorithm:Method and application to the northern Hayward fault,California.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.90(6):1353-1368.
Wang,Y.H.,2016.Grid-search method on micro-seismic source fast location based on DIRECT algorithm.Progress in Geophysics,31(4):1700-1708(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wei,X.,Wu,Y.Z.,and Chen,L.P.,2012.DIRECT global optimization method using radial basis functions.Journal Huazhong University of Science&Technology(Natural Science Edition),40(5):6-9(in Chinese with English abstract).
Woo,J.U.,Kim,J.,and Kang,T.S.,2017.Characteristics in hypocenters of microseismic events due to hydraulic fracturing and natural faults:a case study in the Horn River Basin,Canada.Geosciences Journal,21(5):683-694.
Yuan,D.,and Li,A.B.,2017.Joint inversion for effective anisotropic velocity model and event locations using S-wave splitting measurements from downhole microseismic data.Geophysics,82(3):C133-C143.
Zhang,H.J.,and Thunder,C.H.,2003.Double-difference tomography:the method and its application to the Hayward fault,Califomia.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,93(5):1875-1889.
Zhang,H.J.,Sarkar,S.,Toks?z,M.N.,and Kuleli,H.,2009.Passive seismic tomography using induced seismicity at a petroleum field in Oman.Geophysics,74(6):WCB57-WCB69.
Zhang,J.W.,Zhang,H.J.,Zhang,Y.S.,and Liu,Q.,2016.Calibrating one-dimensional velocity model for downhole microseismic monitoring using station-pair differential arrival times based on the differential evolution method.Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors,261:124-132.
Zhang,X.L.,Zhang,F.,Li,X.Y.,Huang,X.R.,and Chen,S.Q.,2013.The influence of hydraulic fracturing on velocity and microseismic location.Chinese J.Geophys,56(10):3552-3560(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhao,Y.,Yang,T.H.,Zhang,P.H.,and Zhou,J,R.,2017.The analysis of rock damage process based on the microseismic monitoring and numerical simulations.Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,69:1-17.
Zhu,H.B.,Yang,X.C.,Liao,R.G.,and Gao,D.W.,2017.Microseismic fracture interpretation and application based on parameters inversion.Geophysical Prospecting,56(1):150-157(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhu,W.X.,Zhang,C.X.,Zhang,W.B.,Wang,Z.H.,and Tian,Z.C.,2015.Seismic spectral inversion based on simulated annealing.Oil geophysical prospecting,50(3):495-501,515(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhu,Y.D.,Wang,J.L.,Sun,F.,Lü,H.,Lin,J.and Chen,Z.B.,2017.Micro-seismic monitoring and instrument for hydraulic fracturing in the low-permeability oilfield.Chinese Journal of Geophysics-Chinese Edition,60(11):4282-4293(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhuang,D.Y.,Ma,K.,Tang,C.N.,Cui,X.,and Yang,G.Q.,2019.Study on crack formation and propagation in the galleries of the Dagangshan high arch dam in Southwest China based on microseismic monitoring and numerical simulation.International Journal Of Rock Mechanics And Mining Sciences,115:157-172.
Zou,C.N.,Yang,Z.,Zhu,R.K.,Zhang,G.S.,Hou,L.H.,Wu,S.T.,Tao,S.Z.,Yuan,X.J.,Dong,D.Z.,Wang,Y.M.,Wang,L.,Huang,J.L.,and Wang,S.F.,2015.Progress in China's unconventional oil&gas exploration and development and theoretical technologies.Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition),89(3):938-971.