植被复垦对露天煤矿排土场土壤理化性质和土壤酶活性的影响
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摘要
以黑岱沟露天煤矿排土场不同植被类型(油松+杨树(B1)、油松+披肩草+苜蓿(B2)、苜蓿(B3))土壤为研究对象,以未复垦土壤为对照(CK),探讨了不同植被类型条件下浅层(0～20 cm)土壤理化性质和酶活性变化特征,以及两者之间的相关分析。结果表明,植被复垦对土壤理化性质和酶活性有一定的改善,表现为B3>B2>B1>CK。土壤有机碳和酶活性随着土层深度的加深而降低,土壤酶活性与土壤理化性质之间存在不同程度的相关性,土壤蔗糖酶和脲酶与土壤有机碳呈显著正相关关系;不同植被类型间土壤酶活性和有机碳亦存在显著差异,均表现为苜蓿显著高于其他植被类型及CK。综上所述,苜蓿的复垦利于土壤有机碳的积累和土壤酶活性的提高,对于土壤质量的恢复有重要意义。
In order to understand the physicochemical properties and enzyme activities of shallow(0～20 cm) soil under different vegetation types and the relationships between them,four kinds of vegetation types:"Pinus tabulaeformis + poplar"(B1),"Pinus tabulaeformis + Elymus nutans + Medicagosativa"(B2),Alfafa(B3),abandoned land(CK,as reference)were selected as research objects in Heidaigou Opencast Coal Mine. The results showed that soil physicochemical properties and enzyme activities had been improved certainly by vegetation reclamation:B3 >B2 >B1 >CK. The soil organic carbon and soil enzyme activity declined with deepening of soil depth. There were different degrees of correlations between soil enzyme activities and soil physicochemical properties,soil Sucrase and Urease were significantly correlated with soil organic carbon positively;there were also significant difference in soil enzyme activities and organic carbon among different vegetation types,of which Alfafa(B3)was significantly higher than the others. It can be indicated that reclamation of mining area soil with Alfalfa cultivation can improve the soil organic carbon and the soil enzyme activities,which has important significance for the restoration of soil quality.
In order to understand the physicochemical properties and enzyme activities of shallow(0～20 cm) soil under different vegetation types and the relationships between them,four kinds of vegetation types:"Pinus tabulaeformis + poplar"(B1),"Pinus tabulaeformis + Elymus nutans + Medicagosativa"(B2),Alfafa(B3),abandoned land(CK,as reference)were selected as research objects in Heidaigou Opencast Coal Mine. The results showed that soil physicochemical properties and enzyme activities had been improved certainly by vegetation reclamation:B3 >B2 >B1 >CK. The soil organic carbon and soil enzyme activity declined with deepening of soil depth. There were different degrees of correlations between soil enzyme activities and soil physicochemical properties,soil Sucrase and Urease were significantly correlated with soil organic carbon positively;there were also significant difference in soil enzyme activities and organic carbon among different vegetation types,of which Alfafa(B3)was significantly higher than the others. It can be indicated that reclamation of mining area soil with Alfalfa cultivation can improve the soil organic carbon and the soil enzyme activities,which has important significance for the restoration of soil quality.
引文
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[24]王健,高永,魏江生,等.采煤塌陷对风沙区土壤理化性质影响的研究[J].水土保持学报,2006,20(5):52-55.
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[28]梁爱华,韩新辉,张扬,等.纸坊沟流域退化土壤碳氮关系对植被恢复的时空响应[J].草地学报,2013,21(5):842-849.
[29]胡宜刚,张鹏,赵洋,等.植被配置对黑岱沟露天煤矿区土壤养分恢复的影响[J].草业科学,2015,32(10):1561-1568.
[30]Wang Z,Liu G B,Xu M X,et al. Temporal and spatial variations in soil organic carbon sequestration following revegetation in the hilly Loess Plateau,China[J]. Catena,2012(99):26-33.
[31]邱莉萍,张兴昌.子午岭不同土地利用方式对土壤性质的影响[J].自然资源学报,2006,21(6):965-971.
[32]杨佳佳.延河流域植被类型对土壤酶活性和土壤碳氮形态的影响[D].咸阳:西北农林科技大学,2014.
[33]刘孝阳,周伟,白中科,等.平朔矿区露天煤矿排土场复垦类型及微地形对土壤养分的影响[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(3):6-12.
[34]曲国辉,郭继勋.松嫩平原不同演替阶段植物群落和土壤特性的关系[J].草业学报,2003,12(1):18-22.
[35]朱美玲,贡璐,张龙龙.塔里木河上游典型绿洲土壤酶活性与环境因子相关分析[J].环境科学,2015,36(7):2678-2685.
[36]马佳慧,张兴昌,邱莉萍.黑岱沟矿区排土场不同复垦方式下土壤性质的研究[J].水土保持研究,2015,22(1):93-96.
[37]陈海滨,马秀丽,陈志彪,等.南方稀土矿区水土保持植物根际土壤碳氮及pH特征[J].土壤学报,2016,53(5):1334-1341.
[2]孙丽芳,李勇,张晴雯,等.植被恢复对侵蚀坡地表层土壤性质的影响[J].水土保持通报,2007,27(3):13-17.
[3]赵浩,白润才,曲业明.露天煤矿绿色开采技术[J].矿业工程研究,2011(3):19-22.
[4]郭昭华.大力发展露天采煤实现煤炭工业可持续发展[J].露天采矿技术,2005(5):9-12.
[5]Ussiri,D. A. N.,Lal,R. Carbon sequestration in reclaimed mine soils[J]. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences,2005,24(3):151-165.
[6]谷裕,王金满,刘慧娟,等.干旱半干旱煤矿区土壤含水率研究进展[J].灌溉排水学报,2016,35(4):81-86.
[7]Jackson S T,Hobbs R J.Ecological restoration in the light of ecological history[J]. Science,2009,325:567.
[8]毕如田,白中科,李华,等.大型露天煤矿区土地扰动的时空变化[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(8):1908-1912.
[9]吴钢,魏东,周政达,等.我国大型煤炭基地建设的生态恢复技术研究综述[J].生态学报,2014,34(11):2812-2820.
[10]张丽娟,王海邻,胡斌,等.煤矿塌陷区土壤酶活性与养分分布及相关研究———以焦作韩王庄矿塌陷区为例[J].环境科学与管理,2007,32(1):126-129.
[11]Haigh M J,Gentcheva-Kostadinova S. Ecological erosion control on coal-spoil banks:An evaluation[J]. Ecological Engineering,2002,18(3):371-377.
[12]李保杰,顾和和,纪亚洲.矿区土地复垦景观格局变化和生态效应[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(3):251-256.
[13]Mukhopadhyay S,Masto,R. E.,Yadav A,et al. Soil quality index for evaluation of reclaimed coal mine spoil[J].Science of The Total Environment,2016,542:540-550.
[14]曹慧,孙辉.土壤酶活性及其对土壤质量的指示研究进展[J].应用与环境生物学报,2003,9(1):105-109.
[15]王蕾,孙玉荣,于钊,等.围封年限对荒滇草原土壤酶活性的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2012,40(24):12036-12038.
[16]唐玉姝,魏朝富,颜廷梅,等.土壤质量生物学指标研究进展[J].土壤,2007,39(2):157-163.
[17]周国模,姜培坤.不同植被恢复对侵蚀型红壤活性碳库的影响[J].水土保持学报,2004(6):68-70.
[18]张桂莲,张金屯,郭逍宇.安太堡矿区人工植被在恢复过程中的生态关系[J].应用生态学报,2005,16(1):151-155.
[19]刘占锋,傅伯杰,刘国华,等.土壤质量与土壤质量指标及其评价[J].生态学报,2006(3):901-913.
[20]Costigan P A,Bradshaw A D,Gemmell R. The reclamation of acidic colliery spoil waste I:Acid production potential[J]. Journal of Applied Ecology,1981(8):685-878.
[21]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[22]关松荫.土壤酶及其研究法[M].北京:农业出版社,1986.
[23]樊文华,李惠峰,白中科.黄土区大型露天煤矿不同复垦模式和年限下土壤肥力的变化[J].山西农业大学学报,2006,26(4):313-316.
[24]王健,高永,魏江生,等.采煤塌陷对风沙区土壤理化性质影响的研究[J].水土保持学报,2006,20(5):52-55.
[25]张雅楠.黑岱沟排土场复垦地植被类型及土壤理化性质的研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2013.
[26]张鹏,赵洋,黄磊,等.植被重建对露天煤矿排土场土壤酶活性的影响[J].生态学报,2016,36(9):2715-2723.
[27]傅尧.黄土高原露天煤矿生态修复效果研究[D].长春:东北师范大学,2010.
[28]梁爱华,韩新辉,张扬,等.纸坊沟流域退化土壤碳氮关系对植被恢复的时空响应[J].草地学报,2013,21(5):842-849.
[29]胡宜刚,张鹏,赵洋,等.植被配置对黑岱沟露天煤矿区土壤养分恢复的影响[J].草业科学,2015,32(10):1561-1568.
[30]Wang Z,Liu G B,Xu M X,et al. Temporal and spatial variations in soil organic carbon sequestration following revegetation in the hilly Loess Plateau,China[J]. Catena,2012(99):26-33.
[31]邱莉萍,张兴昌.子午岭不同土地利用方式对土壤性质的影响[J].自然资源学报,2006,21(6):965-971.
[32]杨佳佳.延河流域植被类型对土壤酶活性和土壤碳氮形态的影响[D].咸阳:西北农林科技大学,2014.
[33]刘孝阳,周伟,白中科,等.平朔矿区露天煤矿排土场复垦类型及微地形对土壤养分的影响[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(3):6-12.
[34]曲国辉,郭继勋.松嫩平原不同演替阶段植物群落和土壤特性的关系[J].草业学报,2003,12(1):18-22.
[35]朱美玲,贡璐,张龙龙.塔里木河上游典型绿洲土壤酶活性与环境因子相关分析[J].环境科学,2015,36(7):2678-2685.
[36]马佳慧,张兴昌,邱莉萍.黑岱沟矿区排土场不同复垦方式下土壤性质的研究[J].水土保持研究,2015,22(1):93-96.
[37]陈海滨,马秀丽,陈志彪,等.南方稀土矿区水土保持植物根际土壤碳氮及pH特征[J].土壤学报,2016,53(5):1334-1341.