Comparison of water quality in two catchments with different forest types in the headwater region of the Hun River, Northeast China
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摘要
In the headwater catchments of the Hun River,Northeast China, secondary forests(SF) have been replaced by plantations since the 1960 s. Concern has been growing over this loss and the decline in water quality caused by the plantations. To test the effects of plantations on water quality, we selected two separate catchments covered by SF and Pinus koraiensis plantations(KP) to monitor physical and chemical properties of various hydrological variables including throughfall, stemflow,through-litterfall and runoff(flowing out of outlets of the catchments). The physical properties of water declined after water flowed through the two catchments as compared with rainwater. The pH of runoff in both catchments also dramatically decreased. The concentrations of Cl~-, NO_3~- and NH_4~+ in the runoff from the two catchments were similar(concentrations of Cl-and NH_4~+ in both catchments were similar to those in rainwater). Total P concentration in runoff of the SF catchment was higher than that of the KP catchment(P concentrations in both catchments were also higher than in rainwater) because P concentrations in litter and soil of the SF catchment were higher than those in the KP catchment. In summary, the rainwater became acidic in both catchments, but the responses of most water quality variables were similar in the two catchments, suggesting that appropriate ratios of KP in SF are feasible for secondary forest recovery and for preserving water quality(KP did not cause a decline in quality) in the headstream regions in Northeast of China.
In the headwater catchments of the Hun River,Northeast China, secondary forests(SF) have been replaced by plantations since the 1960 s. Concern has been growing over this loss and the decline in water quality caused by the plantations. To test the effects of plantations on water quality, we selected two separate catchments covered by SF and Pinus koraiensis plantations(KP) to monitor physical and chemical properties of various hydrological variables including throughfall, stemflow,through-litterfall and runoff(flowing out of outlets of the catchments). The physical properties of water declined after water flowed through the two catchments as compared with rainwater. The pH of runoff in both catchments also dramatically decreased. The concentrations of Cl~-, NO_3~- and NH_4~+ in the runoff from the two catchments were similar(concentrations of Cl-and NH_4~+ in both catchments were similar to those in rainwater). Total P concentration in runoff of the SF catchment was higher than that of the KP catchment(P concentrations in both catchments were also higher than in rainwater) because P concentrations in litter and soil of the SF catchment were higher than those in the KP catchment. In summary, the rainwater became acidic in both catchments, but the responses of most water quality variables were similar in the two catchments, suggesting that appropriate ratios of KP in SF are feasible for secondary forest recovery and for preserving water quality(KP did not cause a decline in quality) in the headstream regions in Northeast of China.
In the headwater catchments of the Hun River,Northeast China, secondary forests(SF) have been replaced by plantations since the 1960 s. Concern has been growing over this loss and the decline in water quality caused by the plantations. To test the effects of plantations on water quality, we selected two separate catchments covered by SF and Pinus koraiensis plantations(KP) to monitor physical and chemical properties of various hydrological variables including throughfall, stemflow,through-litterfall and runoff(flowing out of outlets of the catchments). The physical properties of water declined after water flowed through the two catchments as compared with rainwater. The pH of runoff in both catchments also dramatically decreased. The concentrations of Cl~-, NO_3~- and NH_4~+ in the runoff from the two catchments were similar(concentrations of Cl-and NH_4~+ in both catchments were similar to those in rainwater). Total P concentration in runoff of the SF catchment was higher than that of the KP catchment(P concentrations in both catchments were also higher than in rainwater) because P concentrations in litter and soil of the SF catchment were higher than those in the KP catchment. In summary, the rainwater became acidic in both catchments, but the responses of most water quality variables were similar in the two catchments, suggesting that appropriate ratios of KP in SF are feasible for secondary forest recovery and for preserving water quality(KP did not cause a decline in quality) in the headstream regions in Northeast of China.
引文
Amatya DM,Skaggs RW,Gilliam JW,Hughes JH(2003)Effects of orifice-weir outlet on hydrology and water quality of a drained forested watershed.South J Appl For 27:130-142
AndrF,Jonard M,Ponette Q(2008)Effects of biological and meteorological factors on stemflow chemistry within a temperate mixed oak-beech stand.Sci Total Environ 393:72-83.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.12.002
Aust WM,Carroll MB,Bolding MC,Dolloff CA(2011)Operational forest stream crossings effects on water quality in the Virginia Piedmont.South J Appl For 35:123-130
Baillie BR,Neary DG(2015)Water quality in New Zealand’s planted forests:a review.NZ J Forest Sci 45:7.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40490-015-0040-0
Binkley D,Burnham H,Allen HL(1999)Water quality impacts of forest fertilization with nitrogen and phosphorus.For Ecol Manage 121:191-213.https://doi.org/10.1016/s0378-1127(98)00549-0
Brown TC,Binkley D(1994)Effect of management on water quality in North American forests.USDA Forest Service,General Technical Report RM-248,pp 1-27
Carr GM,Neary JP(2008)Water quality for ecosystem and human health.2nd edn.United Nations Environment Programme,Global Environment Monitoring System,Burlington.http://www.gemswater.org/publications/pdfs/water_quality_human_health.pdf.Accessed Jan 2006
Eisaloua HK,S?engnül K,Gkbulak F,Serengil Y,Uygur B(2013)Effects of forest canopy cover and floor on chemical quality of water in broad leaved and coniferous forests of Istanbul,Turkey.For Ecol Manage 289:371-377.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2012.10.031
Fan HB(2000)Effects of canopy interception by Chinese fir forests on precipitation chemistry.Sci Silvae Sin 36:2-8(in Chinese with English abstract)
Hatano R,Nagumo T,Hata H,Kuramochi K(2005)Impact of nitrogen cycling on stream water quality in a basin associated with forest,grassland,and animal husbandry,Hokkaido,Japan.Ecol Eng 24:509-515.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2005.01.011
Herrmann M,Pust J,Pott R(2006)The chemical composition of throughfall beneath oak,birch and pine canopies in Northwest Germany.Plant Ecol 184:273-285.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11258-005-9072-5
Hopmans P,Bren LJ(2007)Long-term changes in water quality and solute exports in headwater streams of intensively managed radiate pine and natural eucalypt forest catchments in southeastern Australia.For Ecol Manage 253:244-261.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2007.07.027
Jiang J,Wang YP,Yu MX,Li K,Shao YJ,Yang JH(2016)Responses of soil buffering capacity to acid treatment in three typical subtropical forests.Sci Total Environ563-564:1068-1077.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.04.198
Kavvadias VA,Alifragis D,Tsiontsis A,Brofas G,Stamatelo G(2001)Litterfall,litter accumulation and litter decomposition rates in four forest ecosystems in northern Greece.For Ecol Manage 144:113-127.https://doi.org/10.1016/s0378-1127(00)00365-0
Liu N,Wang YJ,Wang YQ(2011)Effect of subtropical forests on water quality in Southwestern China.Afr J Agric Res6:6354-6362.https://doi.org/10.5897/ajar11.1209
Luke SH,Luckai NJ,Burke JM,Prepas EE(2007)Riparian areas in the Canadian boreal forest and linkages with water quality in streams.Environ Rev 15:79-97.https://doi.org/10.1139/A07-001
McBroom MW,Beasley RS,Chang M,Ice GG(2008)Storm runoff and sediment losses from forest clearcutting and stand reestablishment.Hydrol Process 22:1509-1522.https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6703
Neary DG,Ice GG,Jackson CR(2009)Linkages between forest soils and water quality and quantity.For Ecol Manag 258:2269-2281.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2009.05.027
Norton MM,Fisher TR(2000)The effects of forest on stream water quality in two coastal plain watersheds of the Chesapeake Bay.Ecol Eng 14:337-362.https://doi.org/10.1016/s0925-8574(99)00060-9
Saarinen T,Moh?mm?digh?vam S,Marttila H,Kl?ve B(2013)Impact of peatland forestry on runoff water quality in areas with sulphide-bearing sediments;how to prevent acid surges.For Ecol Manage 293:17-28.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2012.12.029
Sasa T(1990)Acidification and composition of rainwater,throughfall and stemflow in the typical forests around Shizuoka.For Site32:43-58
Swaine MD,Adomako J,Ameka G,de Graft-Johnston KAA,Cheek M(2006)Forest river plants and water quality in Ghana.Aquat Bot 85:299-308.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2006.06.007
Turk TD,Schmidt MG,Roberts NJ(2008)The influence of bigleaf maple on forest floor and mineral properties in a coniferous forest in coastal British Columbia.For Ecol Manage255:1874-1882.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2007.12.016
Twery MJ,Hornbeck JW(2001)Incorporating water goals into forest management decisions at a local level.For Ecol Manage143:87-93.https://doi.org/10.1016/s0378-1127(00)00508-9
Vásquez-Mndez R,Ventura-Ramos E,Oleschko K,HernándezSandoval L,Parrot JF,Nearing MA(2010)Soil erosion and runoff in different vegetation patches from semiarid Central Mexico.CATENA 80:162-169.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2009.11.003
Wang RZ,Xu TL,Yu LZ,Zhu JJ,Li XY(2013)Effects of land use types on surface water quality across an anthropogenic disturbance gradient in the upper reach of the Hun River,Northeast China.Environ Monit Assess 185:4141-4151.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-012-2856-x
Welke SE,Hope GD(2005)Influences of stand composition and age on forest floor processes and chemistry in pure and mixed stands of Douglas-fir and paper birch in interior British Columbia.For Ecol Manag 219:29-42.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2005.08.040
Wilcke W,Yasin S,Valarezo C,Zech W(2001)Change in water quality during the passage through a tropical montane rain forest in Ecuador.Biogeochemistry 55:45-72
Xi XJ,Yan QL,Yu LZ,Zhu JJ,Zhang CH,Liu CX(2009)Physical and chemical properties of throughfall in main forest types of secondary forest ecosystem in montane regions of eastern Liaoning Province,China.Chin J Appl Ecol 20:2097-2104(In Chinese with English abstract)
Xu TL,Zhu JJ,Yu LZ,Wang RZ,Zhang JX(2013)Physical and chemical properties of stemflow in different forest types of a secondary forest ecosystem in montane regions of eastern Liaoning Province,China.Acta Ecol Sin 33:3415-3424(in Chinese with English abstract)
Yan JH(1999)Progress in the study of forest hydrology.J Trop Subtrop Bot 7:347-356(in Chinese with English abstract)
Yang K,Zhu JJ(2015)Impact of tree litter decomposition on soil biochemical properties obtained from a temperate secondary forest in Northeast China.J Soils Sediments 15:13-23.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-014-0975-4
Yang K,Zhu JJ,Yan QL,Sun OJ(2010)Changes in soil P chemistry as affected by conversion of natural secondary forests to larch plantations.For Ecol Manage 260:422-428.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2010.04.038
Yang GR,Shi XH,Cai DS,Huang CB,Lei SM,Zhang H(2011)Water quality of throughfall and stemflow in planted forest in Guangxi,China.J Food Agric Environ 9:947-953
Yao YJ,Zhang YD,Ren XR(2006)Effects of stem flow by spruce and larch on soil p H.J Northeast For Univ 34:22-25
Zhang M,Zhu JJ,Li MC,Zhang GQ,Yan QL(2013)Different light acclimation strategies of two coexisting tree species seedlings in a temperate secondary forest along five natural light levels.For Ecol Manage 306:234-242.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2013.06.031
Zhu JJ,Matsuzaki T,Gonda Y(2003)Optical stratification porosity as a measure of vertical canopy structure in a Japanese pine coastal forest.For Ecol Manage 173:89-104.https://doi.org/10.1016/s0378-1127(01)00813-1
Zhu JJ,Mao ZH,Hu LL,Zhang JX(2007)Plant diversity of a secondary forests in response to anthropogenic disturbance levels in montane regions of northeastern China.J For Res12:403-416.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10310-007-0033-9
AndrF,Jonard M,Ponette Q(2008)Effects of biological and meteorological factors on stemflow chemistry within a temperate mixed oak-beech stand.Sci Total Environ 393:72-83.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.12.002
Aust WM,Carroll MB,Bolding MC,Dolloff CA(2011)Operational forest stream crossings effects on water quality in the Virginia Piedmont.South J Appl For 35:123-130
Baillie BR,Neary DG(2015)Water quality in New Zealand’s planted forests:a review.NZ J Forest Sci 45:7.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40490-015-0040-0
Binkley D,Burnham H,Allen HL(1999)Water quality impacts of forest fertilization with nitrogen and phosphorus.For Ecol Manage 121:191-213.https://doi.org/10.1016/s0378-1127(98)00549-0
Brown TC,Binkley D(1994)Effect of management on water quality in North American forests.USDA Forest Service,General Technical Report RM-248,pp 1-27
Carr GM,Neary JP(2008)Water quality for ecosystem and human health.2nd edn.United Nations Environment Programme,Global Environment Monitoring System,Burlington.http://www.gemswater.org/publications/pdfs/water_quality_human_health.pdf.Accessed Jan 2006
Eisaloua HK,S?engnül K,Gkbulak F,Serengil Y,Uygur B(2013)Effects of forest canopy cover and floor on chemical quality of water in broad leaved and coniferous forests of Istanbul,Turkey.For Ecol Manage 289:371-377.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2012.10.031
Fan HB(2000)Effects of canopy interception by Chinese fir forests on precipitation chemistry.Sci Silvae Sin 36:2-8(in Chinese with English abstract)
Hatano R,Nagumo T,Hata H,Kuramochi K(2005)Impact of nitrogen cycling on stream water quality in a basin associated with forest,grassland,and animal husbandry,Hokkaido,Japan.Ecol Eng 24:509-515.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2005.01.011
Herrmann M,Pust J,Pott R(2006)The chemical composition of throughfall beneath oak,birch and pine canopies in Northwest Germany.Plant Ecol 184:273-285.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11258-005-9072-5
Hopmans P,Bren LJ(2007)Long-term changes in water quality and solute exports in headwater streams of intensively managed radiate pine and natural eucalypt forest catchments in southeastern Australia.For Ecol Manage 253:244-261.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2007.07.027
Jiang J,Wang YP,Yu MX,Li K,Shao YJ,Yang JH(2016)Responses of soil buffering capacity to acid treatment in three typical subtropical forests.Sci Total Environ563-564:1068-1077.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.04.198
Kavvadias VA,Alifragis D,Tsiontsis A,Brofas G,Stamatelo G(2001)Litterfall,litter accumulation and litter decomposition rates in four forest ecosystems in northern Greece.For Ecol Manage 144:113-127.https://doi.org/10.1016/s0378-1127(00)00365-0
Liu N,Wang YJ,Wang YQ(2011)Effect of subtropical forests on water quality in Southwestern China.Afr J Agric Res6:6354-6362.https://doi.org/10.5897/ajar11.1209
Luke SH,Luckai NJ,Burke JM,Prepas EE(2007)Riparian areas in the Canadian boreal forest and linkages with water quality in streams.Environ Rev 15:79-97.https://doi.org/10.1139/A07-001
McBroom MW,Beasley RS,Chang M,Ice GG(2008)Storm runoff and sediment losses from forest clearcutting and stand reestablishment.Hydrol Process 22:1509-1522.https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6703
Neary DG,Ice GG,Jackson CR(2009)Linkages between forest soils and water quality and quantity.For Ecol Manag 258:2269-2281.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2009.05.027
Norton MM,Fisher TR(2000)The effects of forest on stream water quality in two coastal plain watersheds of the Chesapeake Bay.Ecol Eng 14:337-362.https://doi.org/10.1016/s0925-8574(99)00060-9
Saarinen T,Moh?mm?digh?vam S,Marttila H,Kl?ve B(2013)Impact of peatland forestry on runoff water quality in areas with sulphide-bearing sediments;how to prevent acid surges.For Ecol Manage 293:17-28.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2012.12.029
Sasa T(1990)Acidification and composition of rainwater,throughfall and stemflow in the typical forests around Shizuoka.For Site32:43-58
Swaine MD,Adomako J,Ameka G,de Graft-Johnston KAA,Cheek M(2006)Forest river plants and water quality in Ghana.Aquat Bot 85:299-308.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2006.06.007
Turk TD,Schmidt MG,Roberts NJ(2008)The influence of bigleaf maple on forest floor and mineral properties in a coniferous forest in coastal British Columbia.For Ecol Manage255:1874-1882.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2007.12.016
Twery MJ,Hornbeck JW(2001)Incorporating water goals into forest management decisions at a local level.For Ecol Manage143:87-93.https://doi.org/10.1016/s0378-1127(00)00508-9
Vásquez-Mndez R,Ventura-Ramos E,Oleschko K,HernándezSandoval L,Parrot JF,Nearing MA(2010)Soil erosion and runoff in different vegetation patches from semiarid Central Mexico.CATENA 80:162-169.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2009.11.003
Wang RZ,Xu TL,Yu LZ,Zhu JJ,Li XY(2013)Effects of land use types on surface water quality across an anthropogenic disturbance gradient in the upper reach of the Hun River,Northeast China.Environ Monit Assess 185:4141-4151.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-012-2856-x
Welke SE,Hope GD(2005)Influences of stand composition and age on forest floor processes and chemistry in pure and mixed stands of Douglas-fir and paper birch in interior British Columbia.For Ecol Manag 219:29-42.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2005.08.040
Wilcke W,Yasin S,Valarezo C,Zech W(2001)Change in water quality during the passage through a tropical montane rain forest in Ecuador.Biogeochemistry 55:45-72
Xi XJ,Yan QL,Yu LZ,Zhu JJ,Zhang CH,Liu CX(2009)Physical and chemical properties of throughfall in main forest types of secondary forest ecosystem in montane regions of eastern Liaoning Province,China.Chin J Appl Ecol 20:2097-2104(In Chinese with English abstract)
Xu TL,Zhu JJ,Yu LZ,Wang RZ,Zhang JX(2013)Physical and chemical properties of stemflow in different forest types of a secondary forest ecosystem in montane regions of eastern Liaoning Province,China.Acta Ecol Sin 33:3415-3424(in Chinese with English abstract)
Yan JH(1999)Progress in the study of forest hydrology.J Trop Subtrop Bot 7:347-356(in Chinese with English abstract)
Yang K,Zhu JJ(2015)Impact of tree litter decomposition on soil biochemical properties obtained from a temperate secondary forest in Northeast China.J Soils Sediments 15:13-23.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-014-0975-4
Yang K,Zhu JJ,Yan QL,Sun OJ(2010)Changes in soil P chemistry as affected by conversion of natural secondary forests to larch plantations.For Ecol Manage 260:422-428.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2010.04.038
Yang GR,Shi XH,Cai DS,Huang CB,Lei SM,Zhang H(2011)Water quality of throughfall and stemflow in planted forest in Guangxi,China.J Food Agric Environ 9:947-953
Yao YJ,Zhang YD,Ren XR(2006)Effects of stem flow by spruce and larch on soil p H.J Northeast For Univ 34:22-25
Zhang M,Zhu JJ,Li MC,Zhang GQ,Yan QL(2013)Different light acclimation strategies of two coexisting tree species seedlings in a temperate secondary forest along five natural light levels.For Ecol Manage 306:234-242.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2013.06.031
Zhu JJ,Matsuzaki T,Gonda Y(2003)Optical stratification porosity as a measure of vertical canopy structure in a Japanese pine coastal forest.For Ecol Manage 173:89-104.https://doi.org/10.1016/s0378-1127(01)00813-1
Zhu JJ,Mao ZH,Hu LL,Zhang JX(2007)Plant diversity of a secondary forests in response to anthropogenic disturbance levels in montane regions of northeastern China.J For Res12:403-416.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10310-007-0033-9