雌雄子午沙鼠的认知行为及其神经内分泌水平的差异
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摘要
本研究通过对雌雄子午沙鼠进行新物体识别和社会认知实验,运用免疫组化方法检测其相关脑区合成催产素(OT)、加压素(AVP)和多巴胺(DA)能的神经元数量,采用酶联免疫试验(ELISA)方法检测了其血清中OT、AVP的水平,探究了雌雄子午沙鼠的两性认知差异及其神经内分泌水平的差异。结果表明,雌雄子午沙鼠对新物体的探究时间均显著高于旧物体,雌雄子午沙鼠的辨别指数无显著差异(P>0.05);雄性子午沙鼠随着探究次数的增加对重复刺激鼠a的探究时间不断减少,对陌生刺激鼠b的探究时间显著高于刺激鼠a(P<0.05);雌性子午沙鼠没有此趋势。雄性子午沙鼠OT能神经元数量在下丘脑室旁核(PVN)和视上核(SON)均要显著少于雌性(P<0.05);雄性个体DA能神经元数量在黑质显著高于雌性(P<0.01);然而雄性个体DA能神经元数量在腹侧被盖区显著少于雌性(P<0.01);雌雄子午沙鼠血清OT、AVP水平均无显著差异。综上所述,雌雄子午沙鼠对新物体的识别能力无显著差异,然而雄性子午沙鼠的社会认知能力强于雌性。在神经内分泌水平上,雌雄子午沙鼠PVN和SON中OT能神经元数量、黑质和腹侧背盖区的DA能神经元数量均呈现出了两性差异。
This research investigated the cognitive and neuroendocrine differences between male and female midday gerbils(Meriones meridianu) in novel object and social recognition test. Immunohidtochemistry method was used to detect the number of neurons involved in the synthesis of oxytocin(OT), vasopressin(AVP) and dopamine(DA). And the serum levels of OT and AVP were detected by enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay(ELISA). The results showed that the time of exploring new objects both male and female gerbils was significantly higher than that of old objects, and the identification indexes were no significant difference between the male and female(P>0.05). The male gerbils decreased the exploring time to the repeated stimulus a with the increasing of exploring number, and the exploration time for strange stimulus b is significantly higher than that of the stimulus a(P <0.05); however, the female gerbils did not have such a performance. The number of OT neurons in the Paraventricular Nucleus(PVN) and Supraoptic Nucleus(SON) in males gerbils were significantly lower than these in females(P < 0.05) and the number of DA neurons in the Substantia Nigra(SN)(P <0.01) in males gerbils were significantly higher than these in females; however, the number of DA neurons in the Ventral Tegmental Area(VTA) in males were significantly lower than these in females(P <0.01). There was no significant different in serum OT and AVP levels between male and female gerbils. In summary, there was no significant difference in new object cognition between male and female gerbils, but the social cognition of male gerbils was stranger than that of female gerbils. On the neuroendocrine level, the number of OT neurons in PVN and SON as well as the number of DA neurons in SN and VTA showed gender differences between male and female midday gerbils.
This research investigated the cognitive and neuroendocrine differences between male and female midday gerbils(Meriones meridianu) in novel object and social recognition test. Immunohidtochemistry method was used to detect the number of neurons involved in the synthesis of oxytocin(OT), vasopressin(AVP) and dopamine(DA). And the serum levels of OT and AVP were detected by enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay(ELISA). The results showed that the time of exploring new objects both male and female gerbils was significantly higher than that of old objects, and the identification indexes were no significant difference between the male and female(P>0.05). The male gerbils decreased the exploring time to the repeated stimulus a with the increasing of exploring number, and the exploration time for strange stimulus b is significantly higher than that of the stimulus a(P <0.05); however, the female gerbils did not have such a performance. The number of OT neurons in the Paraventricular Nucleus(PVN) and Supraoptic Nucleus(SON) in males gerbils were significantly lower than these in females(P < 0.05) and the number of DA neurons in the Substantia Nigra(SN)(P <0.01) in males gerbils were significantly higher than these in females; however, the number of DA neurons in the Ventral Tegmental Area(VTA) in males were significantly lower than these in females(P <0.01). There was no significant different in serum OT and AVP levels between male and female gerbils. In summary, there was no significant difference in new object cognition between male and female gerbils, but the social cognition of male gerbils was stranger than that of female gerbils. On the neuroendocrine level, the number of OT neurons in PVN and SON as well as the number of DA neurons in SN and VTA showed gender differences between male and female midday gerbils.
引文
Bertaina-Anglade V,Enjuanes E,Morillon D,Rochelle C D L.2006.The object recognition task in rats and mice:a simple and rapid model in safety pharmacology to detect amnesic properties of a new chemical entity.Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods,54 (2):99-105.
Buck R.1974.Sex,personality,and physiological variables in the communication of emotion via facial expression.Journal of Personality & Social Psychology,30 (4):587.
Callewaert F,Venken K,Kopchick J J,Torcasio A,Lenthe G H V,Boonen S.2010.Sexual dimorphism in cortical bone size and strength but not density is determined by independent and time-specific actions of sex steroids and igf-1:evidence from pubertal mouse models.Journal of Bone & Mineral Research the Official Journal of the American Society for Bone & Mineral Research,25 (3):617-626.
Cooper V J ,Hosey G R .2003.Sexual dichromatism and female preference in Eulemur fulvus,subspecies.International Journal of Primatology,24 (6):1177-1188.
Dantzer R,Koob G F,Bluthé R M,Le Moal M.1988.Septal vasopressin modulates social memory in male rats.Brain Research,457 (1):143-147.
Dluzen D E.1993.1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) disrupts social memory/recognition processes in the male mouse.Brain Research,609 (1-2):98.
Engelmann M,Graf R.1994.Microdialysis administration of vasopressin into the septum improves social recognition in Brattleboro rats.Physiology and Behavior,55 (1):145-149.
Engelmann M,Ebner K,Wotjak C T,Landgraf R.1998.Endogenous oxytocin is involved in short term olfactory memory in female rats.Behavioural Brain Research,90 (1):89-94.
Ferguson J N,Young L J,Hearn E F,Matzuk M M,Insel T R,Winslow J T.2000.Social amnesia in mice lacking the oxytocin gene.Nature Genetics,25 (3):284.
Ferguson J N,Young L J,Insel T R.2002.The neuroendocrine basis of social recognition.Frontiers Neuroendocrinology,23:200–224.
Gould J L,Gould C G.1989.Sexual Selection.Mate Choice and Courtship in Nature.New York :Plenum Press,71-173.
Gromov V S,Voznesenskaya V V.2012.Paternal care,social rank,and testosterone secretion in males of mongolian and midday gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus and M.meridianus).Doklady Biological Sciences Proceedings of the Academy of Sciences of the Ussr Biological Sciences,442 (1):54-57.
Hall J A,Matsumoto D.2004.Gender differences in judgments of multiple emotions from facial expressions.Emotion,4 (2):201-206.
Ibe C S,Onveanusi B I,Hambolu J O,Avo J O.2010.Sexual dimorphism in the whole brain and brainstem morphometry in the African giant pouched rat.Folia Morphol (Warsz),69 (2):69–74.
Jonasson Z.2005.Meta-analysis of sex differences in rodent models of learning and memory:a review of behavioral and biological data.NeurosciBiobehav Rev,28 (8):811–825.
Janhunen S,Ahtee L.2007.Differential nicotinic regulation of the nigrostriatal and mesolimbic dopaminergic pathways:implications for drug development.Neuroscience and Biobehavioral,1:287-314.
Laviolette S.2007.Dopamine modulation of emotional processing in cortical and subcortical neural circuits:evidence for a final common pathway in schizophrenia?Schizoprenia Bulletin,33:971-981.
Li Z Q.2014.Research on exercise,DA and learning-memory.Bulletin of Sport Science & Technology,2 (2):130-132.(in Chinese)
Lu L F,Xu Y M,Li W,Shi S.2016.Observation on growth and development of Meriones meridianus jie in indoor breeding.Aboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine,36 (4):290-294.(in Chinese)
Markham J A,Juraska J M.2007.Social recognition memory:influence of age,sex,and ovarian hormonal status.Physiology & Behavior,92 (5):881-888.
Meng Y J,Yang Y,Liu Y.2014.Research progress of oxytocin receptor ligands and its role in central nerve system and peripheral organs.Chinese Phannacological Bulletin,30 (6):752-756.(in Chinese)
O’Carroll C M,Martin S J,Sandin J,Frenguelli B,Morris R G M.2006.Dopaminergic modulation of the persistence of one-trial hippocampus-dependent memory.Learning & Memory,13 (6):760-769.
Pérez-Barbería F J,Gordon I J,Pagel M.2002.The origins of sexual dimorphism in body size in ungulates.Evolution,56 (6):1276–1285.
Popik P,Ree J M.1998.Neuro hypophyseal peptides and social recognition in rats.Progress in Brain Research,119:415-436.
Saucier D M,Shultz S R,Keller A J,Cook C M,Binsted G.2008.Sex differences in object location memory and spatial navigation in Long-Evans rats.Animal Cognition,11:129-137.
Scheuringer A,Pletzer B.2016.Sex differences in the kimchi-palmer task revisited:global reaction times,but not number of global choices differ between adult men and women.Physiology & Behavior,165:159-165.
Steven J C,Gaulin R,Fitzgerald W.1989.Sexual selection for spatial-learning ability animal.Behaviour,2 (37):322-331.
Shah S R,DesJardins J D,Blob R W.2008.Antler stiffness in caribou (Rangifer tarandus):testing variation in bone material properties between males and females.Zoology,111:476-482.
Song G Q,Sun X P,Liu X M.2013.The review of object recognition task in rats.Chinese Journal of Comparative Medicine,23 (7):55-60.(in Chinese)
Tomizawa K,Iga N,Lu Y F,Moriwaki A,Matsushita M,Li S T,Miyamoto.2003.Oxytocin improves long-lasting spatial memory during motherhood through map kinase cascade.Nature Neuroscience,6 (4):384-390.
Ziegler T E,Prudom S L,Zahed S R.2009.Variations in male parenting behavior and physiology in the common marmoset.Am J Hum Biol,21 (6):739-744.
Zhou J P.2007.The effect of gnRH analogue on expression of oxytocin in hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad axis and learning and memory in mice.Master thesis.Shaanxi:Northwest A & F University.(in Chinese)
李泽清.2014.运动、多巴胺与学习记忆.体育科技文献通报,2 (2):130-132
宋广青,孙秀萍,刘新民.2013.大鼠物体识别实验方法综述.中国比较医学杂志,23 (7):55-60.
孟雅婧,杨洋,刘莹.2014.催产素受体配体及其中枢和外周功能研究进展.中国药理学通报,30 (6):752-756.
周建平.2007.GnRH类似物对小鼠下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴催产素表达及学习记忆的影响.陕西:西北农林科技大学硕士学位论文.
金国章.1998.脑内多巴胺的生物医学.上海:上海科技教育出版社,1-5.
廖力夫,徐艺玫,黎唯,史深.2016.子午沙鼠的室内生长发育观察.实验动物与比较医学,36 (4):290-294.
Buck R.1974.Sex,personality,and physiological variables in the communication of emotion via facial expression.Journal of Personality & Social Psychology,30 (4):587.
Callewaert F,Venken K,Kopchick J J,Torcasio A,Lenthe G H V,Boonen S.2010.Sexual dimorphism in cortical bone size and strength but not density is determined by independent and time-specific actions of sex steroids and igf-1:evidence from pubertal mouse models.Journal of Bone & Mineral Research the Official Journal of the American Society for Bone & Mineral Research,25 (3):617-626.
Cooper V J ,Hosey G R .2003.Sexual dichromatism and female preference in Eulemur fulvus,subspecies.International Journal of Primatology,24 (6):1177-1188.
Dantzer R,Koob G F,Bluthé R M,Le Moal M.1988.Septal vasopressin modulates social memory in male rats.Brain Research,457 (1):143-147.
Dluzen D E.1993.1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) disrupts social memory/recognition processes in the male mouse.Brain Research,609 (1-2):98.
Engelmann M,Graf R.1994.Microdialysis administration of vasopressin into the septum improves social recognition in Brattleboro rats.Physiology and Behavior,55 (1):145-149.
Engelmann M,Ebner K,Wotjak C T,Landgraf R.1998.Endogenous oxytocin is involved in short term olfactory memory in female rats.Behavioural Brain Research,90 (1):89-94.
Ferguson J N,Young L J,Hearn E F,Matzuk M M,Insel T R,Winslow J T.2000.Social amnesia in mice lacking the oxytocin gene.Nature Genetics,25 (3):284.
Ferguson J N,Young L J,Insel T R.2002.The neuroendocrine basis of social recognition.Frontiers Neuroendocrinology,23:200–224.
Gould J L,Gould C G.1989.Sexual Selection.Mate Choice and Courtship in Nature.New York :Plenum Press,71-173.
Gromov V S,Voznesenskaya V V.2012.Paternal care,social rank,and testosterone secretion in males of mongolian and midday gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus and M.meridianus).Doklady Biological Sciences Proceedings of the Academy of Sciences of the Ussr Biological Sciences,442 (1):54-57.
Hall J A,Matsumoto D.2004.Gender differences in judgments of multiple emotions from facial expressions.Emotion,4 (2):201-206.
Ibe C S,Onveanusi B I,Hambolu J O,Avo J O.2010.Sexual dimorphism in the whole brain and brainstem morphometry in the African giant pouched rat.Folia Morphol (Warsz),69 (2):69–74.
Jonasson Z.2005.Meta-analysis of sex differences in rodent models of learning and memory:a review of behavioral and biological data.NeurosciBiobehav Rev,28 (8):811–825.
Janhunen S,Ahtee L.2007.Differential nicotinic regulation of the nigrostriatal and mesolimbic dopaminergic pathways:implications for drug development.Neuroscience and Biobehavioral,1:287-314.
Laviolette S.2007.Dopamine modulation of emotional processing in cortical and subcortical neural circuits:evidence for a final common pathway in schizophrenia?Schizoprenia Bulletin,33:971-981.
Li Z Q.2014.Research on exercise,DA and learning-memory.Bulletin of Sport Science & Technology,2 (2):130-132.(in Chinese)
Lu L F,Xu Y M,Li W,Shi S.2016.Observation on growth and development of Meriones meridianus jie in indoor breeding.Aboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine,36 (4):290-294.(in Chinese)
Markham J A,Juraska J M.2007.Social recognition memory:influence of age,sex,and ovarian hormonal status.Physiology & Behavior,92 (5):881-888.
Meng Y J,Yang Y,Liu Y.2014.Research progress of oxytocin receptor ligands and its role in central nerve system and peripheral organs.Chinese Phannacological Bulletin,30 (6):752-756.(in Chinese)
O’Carroll C M,Martin S J,Sandin J,Frenguelli B,Morris R G M.2006.Dopaminergic modulation of the persistence of one-trial hippocampus-dependent memory.Learning & Memory,13 (6):760-769.
Pérez-Barbería F J,Gordon I J,Pagel M.2002.The origins of sexual dimorphism in body size in ungulates.Evolution,56 (6):1276–1285.
Popik P,Ree J M.1998.Neuro hypophyseal peptides and social recognition in rats.Progress in Brain Research,119:415-436.
Saucier D M,Shultz S R,Keller A J,Cook C M,Binsted G.2008.Sex differences in object location memory and spatial navigation in Long-Evans rats.Animal Cognition,11:129-137.
Scheuringer A,Pletzer B.2016.Sex differences in the kimchi-palmer task revisited:global reaction times,but not number of global choices differ between adult men and women.Physiology & Behavior,165:159-165.
Steven J C,Gaulin R,Fitzgerald W.1989.Sexual selection for spatial-learning ability animal.Behaviour,2 (37):322-331.
Shah S R,DesJardins J D,Blob R W.2008.Antler stiffness in caribou (Rangifer tarandus):testing variation in bone material properties between males and females.Zoology,111:476-482.
Song G Q,Sun X P,Liu X M.2013.The review of object recognition task in rats.Chinese Journal of Comparative Medicine,23 (7):55-60.(in Chinese)
Tomizawa K,Iga N,Lu Y F,Moriwaki A,Matsushita M,Li S T,Miyamoto.2003.Oxytocin improves long-lasting spatial memory during motherhood through map kinase cascade.Nature Neuroscience,6 (4):384-390.
Ziegler T E,Prudom S L,Zahed S R.2009.Variations in male parenting behavior and physiology in the common marmoset.Am J Hum Biol,21 (6):739-744.
Zhou J P.2007.The effect of gnRH analogue on expression of oxytocin in hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad axis and learning and memory in mice.Master thesis.Shaanxi:Northwest A & F University.(in Chinese)
李泽清.2014.运动、多巴胺与学习记忆.体育科技文献通报,2 (2):130-132
宋广青,孙秀萍,刘新民.2013.大鼠物体识别实验方法综述.中国比较医学杂志,23 (7):55-60.
孟雅婧,杨洋,刘莹.2014.催产素受体配体及其中枢和外周功能研究进展.中国药理学通报,30 (6):752-756.
周建平.2007.GnRH类似物对小鼠下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴催产素表达及学习记忆的影响.陕西:西北农林科技大学硕士学位论文.
金国章.1998.脑内多巴胺的生物医学.上海:上海科技教育出版社,1-5.
廖力夫,徐艺玫,黎唯,史深.2016.子午沙鼠的室内生长发育观察.实验动物与比较医学,36 (4):290-294.