红壤性水稻土不同粒级团聚体有机碳矿化及其温度敏感性
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摘要
采用室内培养方法,研究不同温度(15℃、25℃和35℃)条件下红壤性水稻土不同粒级团聚体(>2 mm、1～2 mm、 0.25～1 mm、0.053～0.25 mm和<0.053 mm)中有机碳矿化特征,分析团聚体有机碳矿化对全土有机碳矿化的贡献并探讨团聚体有机碳矿化的温度敏感性。结果表明:>0.25 mm大团聚体较<0.25 mm微团聚体含有更多的有机碳和全氮,碳氮比随团聚体粒级减小而降低。全土和各粒级团聚体有机碳矿化速率在培养的前7d快速下降,之后缓慢降低并在培养后期趋于稳定。25℃和35℃培养时,有机碳累积矿化量在>1 mm团聚体中最高,在0.053～0.25 mm团聚体中最低,且有机碳累积矿化量与有机碳和全氮含量显著或极显著正相关。>2 mm和0.25～1 mm团聚体对全土有机碳矿化的贡献最大,贡献率分别为34.6%和28.8%。培养温度的升高显著提高了全土和团聚体的有机碳矿化速率、累积矿化量和矿化率。不同粒级团聚体有机碳矿化的温度敏感性系数为1.38～2.00,与有机碳、全氮和碳氮比均极显著正相关。综上所述,>0.25 mm大团聚体在红壤性水稻土有机碳矿化中发挥主导作用,升温促进了不同粒级团聚体有机碳的矿化,团聚体有机碳矿化的温度敏感性与有机质的数量和质量密切相关。
【Objective】 Soil organic carbon(C) is distributed heterogeneously in soil aggregates of all size particles.Organic C mineralization is an important biochemical process in the soil ecosystem and is greatly affected by environmental factors, such as temperature. The objective of this study is to illuminate relationship of organic C mineralization in aggregates with that in bulk soil,to evaluate sensitivity of organic C mineralization in soil aggregates to temperature relative to particle size and eventually to help understand mechanisms of the organic C mineralization in soil aggregates and its sensitivity to temperature.【Method】The soil used in this study was collected from a paddy filed of red soil fertilized with inorganic and organic manure for 20 years in Yujiang Country, Jiangxi Province, China.Five fractions of aggregates, i.e., >2 mm, 1～2 mm, 0.25～1 mm, 0.053～0.25 mm and <0.053 mm, were isolated with the wet-sieving technique. All the aggregates and bulk soil samples were moistened or dried till they reached 60% in water holding capacity and incubated at 15 ℃, 25 ℃ and 35 ℃, separately, for 35 d. Emissions of carbon dioxide(CO2) were monitored and measured during this period.【Result】Macroaggregates of >0.25 mm contained more organic C and total nitrogen(N) than microaggregates of <0.25 mm. C/N ratio in soil aggregates decreased with declining particle size. Mineralization rates of organic C in both bulk soil and soil aggregates decreased rapidly during the first 7 days of incubation, then gradually leveled off till a stable state in the end. In the soils incubated at 25 ℃ and 35 ℃, the fraction of soil aggregates >1 mm was the highest while the fraction of soil aggregates 0.053～0.25 mm was the lowest in cumulative organic C mineralization.What's more, cumulative organic C mineralization in soil aggregates was significantly or ultra-significantly and positively related to the content of organic C and total N. The fractions, >2 mm and 0.25～1 mm, contributed the most to cumulative bulk soil organic C mineralization, reaching up to 34.6% and 28.8%, respectively, in contribution rate. With rising temperature, mineralization rate, cumulative mineralization and cumulative mineralization rate of organic C in bulk soil and aggregates all increased. Sensitivity of organic C mineralization(Q10) in soil aggregates to temperature varied in the range of 1.38～2.00, and was ultrasignificantly and positively related to organic C and total N contents as well as C/N ratio.【Conclusion】Macroaggregates of >0.25 mm play a key role in organic C mineralization in bulk soil. Temperature rise promotes organic C mineralization in soil aggregates. Sensitivity of organic C mineralization to temperature in soil aggregates is closely related to quantity and quality of organic matter in the aggregates.
【Objective】 Soil organic carbon(C) is distributed heterogeneously in soil aggregates of all size particles.Organic C mineralization is an important biochemical process in the soil ecosystem and is greatly affected by environmental factors, such as temperature. The objective of this study is to illuminate relationship of organic C mineralization in aggregates with that in bulk soil,to evaluate sensitivity of organic C mineralization in soil aggregates to temperature relative to particle size and eventually to help understand mechanisms of the organic C mineralization in soil aggregates and its sensitivity to temperature.【Method】The soil used in this study was collected from a paddy filed of red soil fertilized with inorganic and organic manure for 20 years in Yujiang Country, Jiangxi Province, China.Five fractions of aggregates, i.e., >2 mm, 1～2 mm, 0.25～1 mm, 0.053～0.25 mm and <0.053 mm, were isolated with the wet-sieving technique. All the aggregates and bulk soil samples were moistened or dried till they reached 60% in water holding capacity and incubated at 15 ℃, 25 ℃ and 35 ℃, separately, for 35 d. Emissions of carbon dioxide(CO2) were monitored and measured during this period.【Result】Macroaggregates of >0.25 mm contained more organic C and total nitrogen(N) than microaggregates of <0.25 mm. C/N ratio in soil aggregates decreased with declining particle size. Mineralization rates of organic C in both bulk soil and soil aggregates decreased rapidly during the first 7 days of incubation, then gradually leveled off till a stable state in the end. In the soils incubated at 25 ℃ and 35 ℃, the fraction of soil aggregates >1 mm was the highest while the fraction of soil aggregates 0.053～0.25 mm was the lowest in cumulative organic C mineralization.What's more, cumulative organic C mineralization in soil aggregates was significantly or ultra-significantly and positively related to the content of organic C and total N. The fractions, >2 mm and 0.25～1 mm, contributed the most to cumulative bulk soil organic C mineralization, reaching up to 34.6% and 28.8%, respectively, in contribution rate. With rising temperature, mineralization rate, cumulative mineralization and cumulative mineralization rate of organic C in bulk soil and aggregates all increased. Sensitivity of organic C mineralization(Q10) in soil aggregates to temperature varied in the range of 1.38～2.00, and was ultrasignificantly and positively related to organic C and total N contents as well as C/N ratio.【Conclusion】Macroaggregates of >0.25 mm play a key role in organic C mineralization in bulk soil. Temperature rise promotes organic C mineralization in soil aggregates. Sensitivity of organic C mineralization to temperature in soil aggregates is closely related to quantity and quality of organic matter in the aggregates.
引文
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[4]林杉，陈涛，赵劲松，等.不同培养温度下长期施肥水稻土的有机碳矿化特征.应用生态学报，2014,25(5):1340—1348Lin S,Chen T,Zhao J S,et al. Characteristics of soil organic carbon mineralization at different temperatures in paddy soilsunder long-term fertilization(In Chinese). Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2014,25(5):1340—1348
[5]邬建红，潘剑君，葛序娟，等.不同土地利用方式下土壤有机碳矿化及其温度敏感性.水土保持学报，2015,29(3):130—135Wu J H,Pan J J,Ge X J,et al. Variations of soil organic carbon mineralization and temperature sensitivity under different land use types(In Chinese). Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2015,29(3):130—135
[6]吴萌，李忠佩，冯有智，等.长期施肥处理下不同类型水稻土有机碳矿化的动态差异.中国农业科学，2016,49(9):1705—1714Wu M,Li Z P,Feng Y Z,et al. Dynamic differences of organic carbon mineralization in differenttypes of paddy soil under long-term located fertilization(In Chinese). Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2016,49(9):1705—1714
[7]刘中良，宇万太.土壤团聚体中有机碳研究进展.中国生态农业学报，2011,19(2):447—455Liu Z L,Yu W T. Review of researches on soil aggregate and soil organic carbon(In Chinese). Chinese Journal of EcoAgriculture,2011,19(2):447—455
[8]陈惟财，王凯荣，谢小立.长期不同施肥处理对红壤性水稻土团聚体中碳、氮分布的影响.土壤通报，2009,40(3):523—528Chen W C,Wang K R,Xie X L. Effects on distributions of carbon and nitrogen in a reddish paddy soil under long-term different fertilization treatments(In Chinese). Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2009,40(3):523—528
[9]刘晓利，何园球，李成亮，等.不同利用方式和肥力红壤中水稳性团聚体分布及物理性质特征.土壤学报，2008,45(3):459—465Liu X L,He Y Q,Li C L,et al. Distribution and physical properties of soil water-stable aggregates in red soils different in land use and soil fertility(In Chinese). Acta Pedologica Sinica,2008,45(3):459—465
[10]王勇，姬强，刘帅，等.耕作措施对土壤水稳性团聚体及有机碳分布的影响.农业环境科学学报，2012,31(7):1365—1373Wang Y,Ji Q,Liu S,et al. Effects of tillage practices on water-stable aggregation and aggregate-associated organic C in soils(In Chinese). Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2012,31(7):1365—1373
[11] Yu H Y,Ding W X,Luo J F,et al. Effects of long-term compost and fertilizer applicationon stability of aggregateassociated organic carbonin an intensively cultivated sandy loam soil. Biology and Fertility of Soils,2012,48(3):325—336
[12]郝瑞军，李忠佩，车玉萍，等.好气与淹水条件下水稻土各粒级团聚体有机碳矿化量.应用生态学报，2008,19(9):1944—1950Hao R J,Li Z P,Che Y P,et al. Organic carbon mineralization in various size aggregates of paddy soil under aerobic and submerged conditions(In Chinese). Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2008,19(9):1944—1950
[13] JastrowJ D. Soil aggregate formation and the accrual of particulate and mineral-associated organic matter. Soil Biology&Biochemistry,1996,28(4/5):665—676
[14]张东秋，石培礼，张宪洲.土壤呼吸主要影响因素的研究进展.地球科学进展，2005,20(7):778—785Zhang D Q,Shi P L,Zhang X Z. Some advances in the main factors controlling soil respiration(In Chinese). Advances in Earth Science,2005,20(7):778—785
[15] Fang C,Moncrieff J B. The dependence of soil CO2 ef?ux on temperature. Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2001,33(2):155—165
[16] Giardina C P,Ryan M G. Evidence that decomposition rates of organic carbon in mineral soil do not vary with temperature.Nature,2000,404:858—860
[17]王菁，陈防，刘毅.不同粒级土壤团聚体呼吸特征及其对碳排放的贡献.植物科学学报，2014,32(6):586—593Wang J,Chen F,Liu Y. Respiration characteristics of different sized soil aggregates and their contribution to carbon emissions(In Chinese). Plant Science Journal,2014,32(6):586—593
[18]李庆逵.中国水稻土.北京：科学出版社，1992Li Q K. Paddy soils of China(In Chinese). Beijing:Science Press,1992
[19]龚子同.中国土壤系统分类：理论方法实践.北京：科学出版社，1999Gong Z T. Chinese soil taxonomy:Theory,method,and practice(In Chinese). Beijing:Science Press,1999
[20]侯红乾，刘秀梅，刘光荣，等.有机无机肥配施比例对红壤稻田水稻产量和土壤肥力的影响.中国农业科学，2011,44(3):516—523Hou H Q,Liu X M,Liu G R,et al. Effect of long-term located organic-inorganic fertilizer applicationon rice yield and soil fertility in red soil area of China(In Chinese). Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2011,44(3):516—523
[21] Elliott E T. Aggregate structure and carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus in native and cultivated soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal,1986,50(3):627—633
[22]陈晓芬，李忠佩，刘明，等.不同施肥处理对红壤水稻土团聚体有机碳、氮分布和微生物生物量的影响.中国农业科学，2013,46(5):950—960Chen X F,Li Z P,Liu M,et al. Effects of different fertilizations on organic carbon and nitrogen contents in waterstable aggregates and microbial biomass content in paddy soil of subtropical China(In Chinese). Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2013,46(5):950—960
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