川西亚高山森林土壤动物对杨树和箭竹凋落物分解过程中微生物群落的影响
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摘要
为了解凋落物分解过程中碎屑食物链土壤动物与微生物的相互联系,本研究以川西亚高山森林杨树和箭竹凋落叶为对象,通过原位控制试验,于2016年4月至2018年4月采用磷脂脂肪酸(PLFAs)生物标记法,研究了土壤动物对两种凋落叶分解过程中微生物丰度、群落结构和多样性的影响.结果表明:土壤动物的参与显著影响两个树种凋落叶分解过程中微生物PLFAs含量,降低了分解前240天的PLFAs含量,增加了分解360～480 d的PLFAs含量;土壤动物的参与降低了杨树分解过程中的真菌/细菌比值,增加了革兰氏阳性菌(G~+)/革兰氏阴性菌(G~-)比值,对箭竹分解过程中真菌/细菌和G~+/G~-比值的影响作用相反;两个树种凋落叶的微生物多样性和均匀性在分解的120 d和480 d维持着较高水平,在分解的360 d和720 d急剧降低,土壤动物的参与显著影响杨树凋落叶的微生物多样性和均匀性,但对箭竹影响不显著;土壤动物对凋落叶微生物PLFAs变化的影响随分解持续时间和树种变化存在差异.亚高山森林凋落物分解过程中土壤动物与微生物群落的相互作用随季节和树种变化具有变异性.
To understand the relationship between soil fauna and microorganism in the detrital food chain during litter decomposition, leaf litters of poplar(Populus simonii) and fargesia(Fargesia spathacea) in a subalpine forest of western Sichuan were taken as study objects. Phospholipid fatty acid(PLFAs) biomarker method was used to determine the effects of soil fauna on the abundance, structure and diversity of microbial community during the decomposition of leaf litter of two species from April 2016 to April 2018 with in situ control experiment. The results showed that the presence of soil fauna significantly affected the microbial PLFAs content during the decomposition of both species, reducing the PLFAs content in the first 240 days and increasing the PLFAs content in the 360 to 480 days. Soil fauna participation reduced the ratio of fungi to bacteria in the decomposition of poplar litter, and increased the ratio of gram-positive bacteria(G~+) to gram-negative bacteria(G~-), which had the opposite effect on the ratio of fungi/bacteria and G~+/G~- in the decomposition of fargesia litter. Microbial diversity and evenness maintained a high level in 120~(th) and 480~(th) days of the decomposition, and decreased sharply in 360~(th) and 720~(th) days of decomposition. Soil fauna participation significantly affected microbial diversity and evenness of poplar litter, but it had no signifi-cant effect on fargesia litter. The effects of soil fauna on the changes of litter PLFAs content were different with the decomposition days and tree species. The interaction between soil fauna and microbial community during litter decomposition in subalpine forest varied with seasons and tree species.
To understand the relationship between soil fauna and microorganism in the detrital food chain during litter decomposition, leaf litters of poplar(Populus simonii) and fargesia(Fargesia spathacea) in a subalpine forest of western Sichuan were taken as study objects. Phospholipid fatty acid(PLFAs) biomarker method was used to determine the effects of soil fauna on the abundance, structure and diversity of microbial community during the decomposition of leaf litter of two species from April 2016 to April 2018 with in situ control experiment. The results showed that the presence of soil fauna significantly affected the microbial PLFAs content during the decomposition of both species, reducing the PLFAs content in the first 240 days and increasing the PLFAs content in the 360 to 480 days. Soil fauna participation reduced the ratio of fungi to bacteria in the decomposition of poplar litter, and increased the ratio of gram-positive bacteria(G~+) to gram-negative bacteria(G~-), which had the opposite effect on the ratio of fungi/bacteria and G~+/G~- in the decomposition of fargesia litter. Microbial diversity and evenness maintained a high level in 120~(th) and 480~(th) days of the decomposition, and decreased sharply in 360~(th) and 720~(th) days of decomposition. Soil fauna participation significantly affected microbial diversity and evenness of poplar litter, but it had no signifi-cant effect on fargesia litter. The effects of soil fauna on the changes of litter PLFAs content were different with the decomposition days and tree species. The interaction between soil fauna and microbial community during litter decomposition in subalpine forest varied with seasons and tree species.
引文
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[22] Xu X-Q (许湘琴),Lin Z-H (林植华),Chen H-L (陈慧丽).Effects of litter composition on soil organi-sms:A review.Chinese Journal of Ecology (生态学杂志),2011,30(6):1258-1264 (in Chinese)
[23] Long J (龙健),Zhao C (赵畅),Zhang M-J (张明江),et al.Effect of litter decomposition on soil microbes on different slopes.Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报),2019,39(8):1-8 (in Chinese)
[24] Wang L-F (王利峰),He R-L (和润莲),Yang L (杨林),et al.Contribution of soil fauna to litter decomposition of Abies faxoniana and Rhododendron lapponicum across an alpine timberline ecotone in Western Sichuan,China.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2016,27(11):3689-3697 (in Chinese)
[25] He R-L (和润莲),Chen Y-M (陈亚梅),Deng C-C (邓长春),et al.Seasonal responses of the soil meso- and microfauna to litter decomposition in alpine meadow of western Sichuan.Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology (应用与环境生物学报),2015,21(2):350-357 (in Chinese)
[26] Yan H-Y (严海元),Gu X-R (辜夕容),Shen H (申鸿).Microbial decomposition of forest litter:A review.Chinese Journal of Ecology (生态学杂志),2010,29(9):1827-1835 (in Chinese)
[27] Li S-S (李珊珊),Wang Z-W (王正文),Yang J-J (王俊杰).Changes in soil microbial communities during litter decomposition.Biodiversity Science (生物多样性),2016,24(2):195-204 (in Chinese)
[28] Zheng H-F (郑海峰),Chen Y-M (陈亚梅),Yang L (杨林),et al.Responses of soil microbial community structure to simulated warming in alpine timberline in western Sichuan,China.Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology (应用与环境生物学报),2017,28(9):2840-2848 (in Chinese)
[29] Ma W-J (马文济),Zhao Y-T (赵延涛),Zhang Q-Q (张晴晴),et al.C:N:P stoichiometry in forest floor litter of evergreen broad-leaved forests at different successional stages in Tiantong,Zhejiang,eastern China.Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology (植物生态学报),2014,38(8):833-842 (in Chinese)
[2] Wu F-Z (吴福忠),Tan B (谭波).A review on the interactions between soil fauna and forest litter decomposition.Journal of Sichuan Agriculture University (四川农业大学学报),2018,36(5):569-575 (in Chinese)
[3] Wang X-Y (王新源),Zhao X-Y (赵学勇),Li Y-L (李玉霖),et al.Effects of environmental factors on litter decomposition in arid and semi-arid regions:A review.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2013,24(11):3300-3310 (in Chinese)
[4] Meyer WM,Ostertag R,Cowie RH.Macro-invertebrates accelerate litter decomposition and nutrient release in a Hawaiian rainforest.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2011,43:206-211
[5] González G,Ley RE,Schmidt SK,et al.Soil ecological interactions:Comparisons between tropical and subalpine forests.Oecologia,2001,128:549-556
[6] Crowther TW,Stanton DWG,Thomas SM,et al.Top-down control of soil fungal community composition by a globally distributed keystone consumer.Ecology,2013,94:2518-2528
[7] Walker DM,Lawrence BR,Esterline D,et al.A meta genomics-based approach to the top-down effect on the detritivore food web:A salamanders influence on fungal communities within a deciduous forest.Ecology and Evolution,2014,4:4106-4116
[8] Bardgett RD,van der Putten WH.Belowground biodiversity and ecosystem functioning.Nature,2014,515:505-511
[9] Chamberlain PM,Bull ID,Black HI,et al.Collembolan trophic preferences determined using fatty acid distributions and compound-specific stable carbon isotope values.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2006,38:1275-1281
[10] Gebremikael MT,Buchan D,De Neve S.Quantifying the influences of free-living nematodes on soil nitrogen and microbial biomass dynamics in bare and planted microcosms.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2014,70:131-141
[11] Li Y-C (李艳春),Li Z-W (李兆伟),Lin W-W (林伟伟),et al.Effects of biochar and sheep manure on rhizospheric soil microbial community in continuous ratooning tea orchards.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2018,29(4):1273-1282 (in Chinese)
[12] Ma Y (马驿),Peng J-J (彭金菊),Chen J-J (陈进军),et al.Effects of colistin sulfate residue on soil microbial community structure.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2014,25(6):1780-1784 (in Chinese)
[13] Yang K-J (杨开军),Yang W-Q (杨万勤),Tan Y (谭羽),et al.Short-term responses of winter soil respiration to snow removal in a Picea asperata forest of western Sichuan.Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology (植物生态学报),2017,41(9):964-971 (in Chinese)
[14] Tan B (谭波),Wu F-Z (吴福忠),Yang W-Q (杨万勤),et al.Soil macro-fauna community diversity and its response to seasonal freeze-thaw in the subalpine/alpine forests of western Sichuan.Biodiversity Science (生物多样性),2012,20(2):215-223 (in Chinese)
[15] Yang F (杨帆),Yang W-Q (杨万勤),Wu F-Z (吴福忠),et al.Effects of naphthalene on soil respiration,nutrients and enzyme activities in the subalpine forest of western Sichuan,China.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2017,28(6):1779-1785 (in Chinese)
[16] Yang F (杨帆),Yang W-Q (杨万勤),Wu F-Z (吴福忠),et al.Effects of naphthalene on soil respiration,dissolved organic matter and microbial biomass in the subalpine forest of western Sichuan,China.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2018,29(3):757-764 (in Chinese)
[17] Blair JM,Crossley Jr DA,Rider S.Effects of naphthalene on microbial activity and nitrogen pools in soil-litter microcosms.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,1989,21:507-510
[18] Lan L-Y (蓝丽英),Liao R (廖蓉),Yang W-Q (杨万勤),et al.Effects of naphthalene on soil microbial biomass,microbial abundance,and microbial phospholipid fatty acids in a subalpine forest of western Sichuan.Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报),2017,37(23):7956-7964 (in Chinese)
[19] Hill GT,Mitkowski NA,Aldrich WL,et al.Methods for assessing the composition and diversity of soil microbial communities.Applied Soil Ecology,2000,15:25-36
[20] Zheng H-F (郑海峰),Chen Y-M (陈亚梅),Yang L (杨林),et al.Responses of soil microbial community structure to simulated warming in alpine timberline in western Sichuan,China.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2017,28(9):2840-2848 (in Chinese)
[21] Li J (李俊),Wu F-Z (吴福忠),Yang W-Q (杨万勤),et al.Effects of soil fauna on microbial community structure in foliar litter during winter decomposition in an alpine meadow.Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology (应用与环境生物学报),2016,22(1):27-34 (in Chinese)
[22] Xu X-Q (许湘琴),Lin Z-H (林植华),Chen H-L (陈慧丽).Effects of litter composition on soil organi-sms:A review.Chinese Journal of Ecology (生态学杂志),2011,30(6):1258-1264 (in Chinese)
[23] Long J (龙健),Zhao C (赵畅),Zhang M-J (张明江),et al.Effect of litter decomposition on soil microbes on different slopes.Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报),2019,39(8):1-8 (in Chinese)
[24] Wang L-F (王利峰),He R-L (和润莲),Yang L (杨林),et al.Contribution of soil fauna to litter decomposition of Abies faxoniana and Rhododendron lapponicum across an alpine timberline ecotone in Western Sichuan,China.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2016,27(11):3689-3697 (in Chinese)
[25] He R-L (和润莲),Chen Y-M (陈亚梅),Deng C-C (邓长春),et al.Seasonal responses of the soil meso- and microfauna to litter decomposition in alpine meadow of western Sichuan.Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology (应用与环境生物学报),2015,21(2):350-357 (in Chinese)
[26] Yan H-Y (严海元),Gu X-R (辜夕容),Shen H (申鸿).Microbial decomposition of forest litter:A review.Chinese Journal of Ecology (生态学杂志),2010,29(9):1827-1835 (in Chinese)
[27] Li S-S (李珊珊),Wang Z-W (王正文),Yang J-J (王俊杰).Changes in soil microbial communities during litter decomposition.Biodiversity Science (生物多样性),2016,24(2):195-204 (in Chinese)
[28] Zheng H-F (郑海峰),Chen Y-M (陈亚梅),Yang L (杨林),et al.Responses of soil microbial community structure to simulated warming in alpine timberline in western Sichuan,China.Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology (应用与环境生物学报),2017,28(9):2840-2848 (in Chinese)
[29] Ma W-J (马文济),Zhao Y-T (赵延涛),Zhang Q-Q (张晴晴),et al.C:N:P stoichiometry in forest floor litter of evergreen broad-leaved forests at different successional stages in Tiantong,Zhejiang,eastern China.Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology (植物生态学报),2014,38(8):833-842 (in Chinese)