环境内分泌干扰物对鱼类脂质代谢的影响:回顾与展望
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摘要
脂肪严重沉积是当前养殖鱼类普遍发生的代谢障碍病症,其原因复杂多样。近年来,已有较多研究提示,广泛存在于自然水环境中的环境内分泌干扰物(EDCs)除了对多种鱼类的生长、发育和繁殖产生持久的慢性毒理效应之外,也对鱼类脂质代谢过程造成影响,导致脂肪沉积异常,并影响养殖鱼类的品质与食用安全性。本文首次系统回顾了近年来在EDCs影响鱼类脂质代谢研究领域中的重要研究成果,并针对持久性有机污染物(POPs)、重金属、环境雌激素和人工合成药物4大类污染物,系统总结了不同EDCs对鱼类脂质代谢的干扰作用。辨析了不同研究中EDCs对鱼类暴露方式、暴露时间和暴露浓度的差异,并由此分析同种EDC在不同的暴露环境下对鱼类脂质代谢产生的差异影响。本文在综述已有成果的基础上,提出了本领域今后的研究重点和方向,旨在为深入研究EDCs对鱼类脂质代谢的影响机制提供更多参考,进一步理解鱼类脂肪沉积的原因,为绿色可持续发展的水产养殖业提供重要的理论支持。
Metabolic diseases, which are always characterized with abnormal lipid metabolism and severe fat deposition, have been commonly observed in farmed fish. However, the causes of the abnormal lipid metabolism in fish are complicated and difficult to be identified. In recent years, several studies have shown that environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals(EDCs), which are widely spread in the aquatic environment, not only have chronic toxic effects on fish development and reproduction, but also affect fish lipid metabolism and cause severe fat deposition, which would damage the quality and food safety of farmed fish. For the first time, this review systematically reviews the effects of EDCs on fish lipid metabolism. Persistent organic pollutants(POPs), heavy metals(Hg, Pb, Cd and Cu), environmental estrogens and artificially synthesized medicines(fibrates and antibiotics) are four major EDCs in water environment. In general, water or dietary exposure of these EDCs would disturb the biochemical activities and/or expressions of the enzyme proteins in the lipid metabolism pathways, including upregulating lipogenesis, inhibiting mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation, adipose tissue lipolysis and lipid transport cross tissues, and so on. The exposure of EDCs with high doses would also impair the functions of cellular organelles, such as mitochondria and peroxisome, which are important in the lipid metabolism.Recently, the disturbing effects of EDCs on some lipid metabolism-related nuclear receptors, such as peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors(PPARs) and sterol-regulatory element binding proteins(SREBPs), had also been found. However, it should be pointed out that among these EDCs, they also have specific mechanisms in affecting fish lipid metabolism and tissue deposition of fat. Even in the same EDC,different exposure method, duration and doses would also cause different effects in disturbing lipid metabolism in fish. In future research, more attentions should be paid on the endocrine disturbing effects of new environmental pollutants, combined effects of different EDCs, and the molecular mechanisms of EDCs effects. This review is helpful in studying EDCs in fish metabolism and also provides important theoretical supports for green and sustainable aquaculture development.
Metabolic diseases, which are always characterized with abnormal lipid metabolism and severe fat deposition, have been commonly observed in farmed fish. However, the causes of the abnormal lipid metabolism in fish are complicated and difficult to be identified. In recent years, several studies have shown that environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals(EDCs), which are widely spread in the aquatic environment, not only have chronic toxic effects on fish development and reproduction, but also affect fish lipid metabolism and cause severe fat deposition, which would damage the quality and food safety of farmed fish. For the first time, this review systematically reviews the effects of EDCs on fish lipid metabolism. Persistent organic pollutants(POPs), heavy metals(Hg, Pb, Cd and Cu), environmental estrogens and artificially synthesized medicines(fibrates and antibiotics) are four major EDCs in water environment. In general, water or dietary exposure of these EDCs would disturb the biochemical activities and/or expressions of the enzyme proteins in the lipid metabolism pathways, including upregulating lipogenesis, inhibiting mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation, adipose tissue lipolysis and lipid transport cross tissues, and so on. The exposure of EDCs with high doses would also impair the functions of cellular organelles, such as mitochondria and peroxisome, which are important in the lipid metabolism.Recently, the disturbing effects of EDCs on some lipid metabolism-related nuclear receptors, such as peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors(PPARs) and sterol-regulatory element binding proteins(SREBPs), had also been found. However, it should be pointed out that among these EDCs, they also have specific mechanisms in affecting fish lipid metabolism and tissue deposition of fat. Even in the same EDC,different exposure method, duration and doses would also cause different effects in disturbing lipid metabolism in fish. In future research, more attentions should be paid on the endocrine disturbing effects of new environmental pollutants, combined effects of different EDCs, and the molecular mechanisms of EDCs effects. This review is helpful in studying EDCs in fish metabolism and also provides important theoretical supports for green and sustainable aquaculture development.
引文
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