Numerical Investigation on Porous Media Quenching Behaviors of Premixed Deflagrating Flame using RANS/LES Model
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摘要
To understand the mechanism of premixed flame quenching by porous media, a zonal hybrid RANS/LES model was employed, in which the LES flow solver was used to resolve the large turbulent structures within the non-porous region, while RANS was applied to porous media zone. The predicted results were compared with previous experimental data. And it was evident that the premixed flame propagation rates and structure as well as quenching behaviors were reproduced by this numerical approach with a better accuracy. Due to the inherently higher heat transfer coefficients between the solid and gas phases in porous media, the gas phase temperature has been decreased rapidly. However, upstream obstacles can cause the flame propagating faster and thus reduce the axial gas temperature gradients, resulting in the invalidity of the operation of premixed flame quenching. By comparison with the case without upstream obstacle, the values of reaction rate attained in the case with three pairs of obstacles are higher, which makes a positive impact on the flame passing through the porous medium. In addition, the porous media with greater pore density has an excellent flame quenching property mainly owing to both the larger volumetric heat transfer and higher quenching temperature.
To understand the mechanism of premixed flame quenching by porous media, a zonal hybrid RANS/LES model was employed, in which the LES flow solver was used to resolve the large turbulent structures within the non-porous region, while RANS was applied to porous media zone. The predicted results were compared with previous experimental data. And it was evident that the premixed flame propagation rates and structure as well as quenching behaviors were reproduced by this numerical approach with a better accuracy. Due to the inherently higher heat transfer coefficients between the solid and gas phases in porous media, the gas phase temperature has been decreased rapidly. However, upstream obstacles can cause the flame propagating faster and thus reduce the axial gas temperature gradients, resulting in the invalidity of the operation of premixed flame quenching. By comparison with the case without upstream obstacle, the values of reaction rate attained in the case with three pairs of obstacles are higher, which makes a positive impact on the flame passing through the porous medium. In addition, the porous media with greater pore density has an excellent flame quenching property mainly owing to both the larger volumetric heat transfer and higher quenching temperature.
To understand the mechanism of premixed flame quenching by porous media, a zonal hybrid RANS/LES model was employed, in which the LES flow solver was used to resolve the large turbulent structures within the non-porous region, while RANS was applied to porous media zone. The predicted results were compared with previous experimental data. And it was evident that the premixed flame propagation rates and structure as well as quenching behaviors were reproduced by this numerical approach with a better accuracy. Due to the inherently higher heat transfer coefficients between the solid and gas phases in porous media, the gas phase temperature has been decreased rapidly. However, upstream obstacles can cause the flame propagating faster and thus reduce the axial gas temperature gradients, resulting in the invalidity of the operation of premixed flame quenching. By comparison with the case without upstream obstacle, the values of reaction rate attained in the case with three pairs of obstacles are higher, which makes a positive impact on the flame passing through the porous medium. In addition, the porous media with greater pore density has an excellent flame quenching property mainly owing to both the larger volumetric heat transfer and higher quenching temperature.
引文
[1]Cao X.,Ren J.,Zhou Y.,et al.,Suppression of methane/air explosion by ultrafine water mist containing sodium chloride additive.Journal of Hazardous Materials,2015,285:311-318.
[2]Shao H.,Jiang S.,Wu Z.,et al.,Influence of diaphragm thickness on gas explosion suppression by vacuum chamber.Powder Technology,2016,295:245-253.
[3]Zarko V.E.,Weiser V.,Eisenreich N.,et al.,Prevention of hazardous fires and explosions.Nato Science,1999,26:199-213.
[4]Oliveira A.A.M.,Kaviany M.,Nonequilibrium in the transport of heat and reactants in combustion in porous media.Progress in Energy&Combustion Science,2001,27:523-545.
[5]Spalding D.B.,A theory of inflammability limits and flame-quenching.Proceedings of the Royal Society A,1957,240:83-100.
[6]Howell J.R.,Hall M.J.,Ellzey J.L.,Combustion of hydrocarbon fuels within porous inert media.Progress in Energy and Combustion Science,1996,22:121-145.
[7]Ciccarelli G.,Johansen C.,Parravani M.,Transition in the propagation mechanism during flame acceleration in porous media.Proceedings of the Combustion Institute,2011,33:2273-2278.
[8]Joo H.I.,Duncan K.,Ciccarelli G.,Flame-quenching performance of ceramic foam.Combustion Science and Technology,2006,178:1755-1769.
[9]Nie B.,He X.,Zhang R.,et al.,The roles of foam ceramics in suppression of gas explosion overpressure and quenching of flame propagation.Journal of Hazardous Materials,2011,192:741-747.
[10]Ibrahim S.S.,Hargrave G.K.,Williams T.C.,Experimental investigation of flame/solid interactions in turbulent premixed combustion.Experimental Thermal&Fluid Science,2001,24:99-106.
[11]Park D.J.,Lee Y.S.,Green A.R.,Prediction for vented explosions in chambers with multiple obstacles.Journal of Hazardous Materials,2008,155:183-192.
[12]Ciccarelli G.,Johansen C.T.,Parravani M.,The role of shock-flame interactions on flame acceleration in an obstacle laden channel.Combustion and Flame,2010,157:2125-2136.
[13]Gubba S.R.,Ibrahim S.S.,Malalasekera W.,et al.,Measurements and LES calculations of turbulent premixed flame propagation past repeated obstacles.Combustion and Flame,2011,158:2465-2481.
[14]Wen X.,Yu M.,Liu Z.,et al.,Large eddy simulation of methane-air deflagration in an obstructed chamber using different combustion models.Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries,2012,25:730-738.
[15]Wen X.,Yu M.,Liu Z.,Li G.,Ji W.,Xie M.,Effects of cross-wise obstacle position on methane-air deflagration characteristics.Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries,2013,26:1335-1340.
[16]Di Sarli V.,Di Benedetto A.,Russo G.,Large eddy simulation of transient premixed flame-vortex interactions in gas explosions.Chemical Engineering Science,2012,71:539-551.
[17]Yu M.,Zheng K.,Zheng L.,et al.,Scale effects on premixed flame propagation of hydrogen/methane deflagration.International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2015,40(38):13121-13133.
[18]Yu M.,Zheng K.,Chu T.,Gas explosion flame propagation over various hollow-square obstacles.Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering,2016,30:221-227.
[19]Bang B.H.,Ahn C.S.,Lee J.G.,et al.,Theoretical,numerical,and experimental investigation of pressure rise due to deflagration in confined spaces.International Journal of Thermal Sciences,2017,120:469-480.
[20]Wen X.,Xie M.,Yu M.,et al.,Porous media quenching behaviors of gas deflagration in the presence of obstacles.Experimental Thermal&Fluid Science,2013,50:37-44.
[21]Mare L.D.,Mihalik T.A.,Continillo G.,et al.,Experimental and numerical study of flammability limits of gaseous mixtures in porous media.Experimental Thermal&Fluid Science,2000,21:117-123.
[22]Edwards K.L.,Norris M.J.,Materials and constructions used in devices to prevent the spread of flames in pipelines and vessels.Materials&Design,1999,20:245-252.
[23]Narin B.,Ozy?rük Y.,Ulas A.,Two dimensional numerical prediction of deflagration-to-detonation transition in porous energetic materials.Journal of Hazardous Materials,2014,273:44-52.
[24]Williams F.A.,Combustion theory,2nd ed.,AddisonWesley,Redwood City,1985.
[25]Mathey F.,Computation of trailing-edge noise using a zonal RANS-LES approach and acoustic analogy.Proceedings of the Conference on Turbulence and Interactions TI2006,Porquerolles,France,2006.
[26]Johansen C.,Ciccarelli G.,Modeling the initial flame acceleration in an obstructed channel using large eddy simulation.Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries,2013,26(4):571-585.
[27]Sarli V.D.,Benedetto A.D.,Russo G.,Using large eddy simulation for understanding vented gas explosions in the presence of obstacles.Journal of Hazardous Materials,2009,169:435-442.
[28]Liu Q.,Zhang Y.,Fang N.,et al.,Study on the flame propagation and gas explosion in propane/air mixtures.Fuel,2015,140:677-684.
[29]Fabrice C.,Charles M.,Denis V.,A power-law flame wrinkling model for LES of premixed turbulent combustion Part I:non-dynamic formulation and initial tests.Combustion and Flame,2002,131:159-180.
[30]Shi J.R.,Xie M.Z.,Liu H.,et al.,Two-dimensional numerical study of combustion and heat transfer in porous media combustor-heater.Proceedings of the Combustion Institute,2011,33:3309-3316.
[31]Younis L.B.,Viskanta R.,Experimental determination of the volumetric heat transfer coefficient between stream of air and ceramic foam.International Journal of Heat&Mass Transfer,1993,36:1425-1434.
[32]Jones W.P.,Launder B.E.,The prediction of laminarization with a two-equation model of turbulence.International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,1972,15:301-314.
[33]Westbrook C.K.,Dryer F.L.,Simplified reaction mechanisms for the oxidation of hydrocarbon fuels in flames.Combustion Science&Technology,1981,27:31-43.
[34]Molkov V.V.,Makarov D.V.,Schneider H.,Hydrogen-air deflagrations in open atmosphere:Large eddy simulation analysis of experimental data.International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2007,32:2198-2205.
[35]Hall R.,Masri A.R.,Yaroshchyk P.,et al.,Effects of position and frequency of obstacles on turbulent premixed propagating flames.Combustion and Flame,2009,156:439-446.
[36]Lee T.S.,Sung J.Y.,Park D.J.,Experimental investigations on the deflagration explosion characteristics of different DME-LPG mixtures.Fire Safety Journal,2012,49:62-66.
[37]Fu X.,Viskanta R.,Gore J.P.,Measurement and correlation of volumetric heat transfer coefficients of cellular ceramics.Experimental Thermal&Fluid Science,1998,17:285-293.
[38]Mihalik T.A.,Lee J.H.,Continillo G.,et al.,Quenching mechanisms of gaseous hydrocarbon-air flames in packed beds.Proceedings of the 18th International Colloquium on the Dynamics of Explosions and Reactive Systems,Seattle,US,2001.
[39]Thomas G.O.,The quenching of laminar methane-air flames by water mists.Combustion and Flame,2002,130:147-160.
[2]Shao H.,Jiang S.,Wu Z.,et al.,Influence of diaphragm thickness on gas explosion suppression by vacuum chamber.Powder Technology,2016,295:245-253.
[3]Zarko V.E.,Weiser V.,Eisenreich N.,et al.,Prevention of hazardous fires and explosions.Nato Science,1999,26:199-213.
[4]Oliveira A.A.M.,Kaviany M.,Nonequilibrium in the transport of heat and reactants in combustion in porous media.Progress in Energy&Combustion Science,2001,27:523-545.
[5]Spalding D.B.,A theory of inflammability limits and flame-quenching.Proceedings of the Royal Society A,1957,240:83-100.
[6]Howell J.R.,Hall M.J.,Ellzey J.L.,Combustion of hydrocarbon fuels within porous inert media.Progress in Energy and Combustion Science,1996,22:121-145.
[7]Ciccarelli G.,Johansen C.,Parravani M.,Transition in the propagation mechanism during flame acceleration in porous media.Proceedings of the Combustion Institute,2011,33:2273-2278.
[8]Joo H.I.,Duncan K.,Ciccarelli G.,Flame-quenching performance of ceramic foam.Combustion Science and Technology,2006,178:1755-1769.
[9]Nie B.,He X.,Zhang R.,et al.,The roles of foam ceramics in suppression of gas explosion overpressure and quenching of flame propagation.Journal of Hazardous Materials,2011,192:741-747.
[10]Ibrahim S.S.,Hargrave G.K.,Williams T.C.,Experimental investigation of flame/solid interactions in turbulent premixed combustion.Experimental Thermal&Fluid Science,2001,24:99-106.
[11]Park D.J.,Lee Y.S.,Green A.R.,Prediction for vented explosions in chambers with multiple obstacles.Journal of Hazardous Materials,2008,155:183-192.
[12]Ciccarelli G.,Johansen C.T.,Parravani M.,The role of shock-flame interactions on flame acceleration in an obstacle laden channel.Combustion and Flame,2010,157:2125-2136.
[13]Gubba S.R.,Ibrahim S.S.,Malalasekera W.,et al.,Measurements and LES calculations of turbulent premixed flame propagation past repeated obstacles.Combustion and Flame,2011,158:2465-2481.
[14]Wen X.,Yu M.,Liu Z.,et al.,Large eddy simulation of methane-air deflagration in an obstructed chamber using different combustion models.Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries,2012,25:730-738.
[15]Wen X.,Yu M.,Liu Z.,Li G.,Ji W.,Xie M.,Effects of cross-wise obstacle position on methane-air deflagration characteristics.Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries,2013,26:1335-1340.
[16]Di Sarli V.,Di Benedetto A.,Russo G.,Large eddy simulation of transient premixed flame-vortex interactions in gas explosions.Chemical Engineering Science,2012,71:539-551.
[17]Yu M.,Zheng K.,Zheng L.,et al.,Scale effects on premixed flame propagation of hydrogen/methane deflagration.International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2015,40(38):13121-13133.
[18]Yu M.,Zheng K.,Chu T.,Gas explosion flame propagation over various hollow-square obstacles.Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering,2016,30:221-227.
[19]Bang B.H.,Ahn C.S.,Lee J.G.,et al.,Theoretical,numerical,and experimental investigation of pressure rise due to deflagration in confined spaces.International Journal of Thermal Sciences,2017,120:469-480.
[20]Wen X.,Xie M.,Yu M.,et al.,Porous media quenching behaviors of gas deflagration in the presence of obstacles.Experimental Thermal&Fluid Science,2013,50:37-44.
[21]Mare L.D.,Mihalik T.A.,Continillo G.,et al.,Experimental and numerical study of flammability limits of gaseous mixtures in porous media.Experimental Thermal&Fluid Science,2000,21:117-123.
[22]Edwards K.L.,Norris M.J.,Materials and constructions used in devices to prevent the spread of flames in pipelines and vessels.Materials&Design,1999,20:245-252.
[23]Narin B.,Ozy?rük Y.,Ulas A.,Two dimensional numerical prediction of deflagration-to-detonation transition in porous energetic materials.Journal of Hazardous Materials,2014,273:44-52.
[24]Williams F.A.,Combustion theory,2nd ed.,AddisonWesley,Redwood City,1985.
[25]Mathey F.,Computation of trailing-edge noise using a zonal RANS-LES approach and acoustic analogy.Proceedings of the Conference on Turbulence and Interactions TI2006,Porquerolles,France,2006.
[26]Johansen C.,Ciccarelli G.,Modeling the initial flame acceleration in an obstructed channel using large eddy simulation.Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries,2013,26(4):571-585.
[27]Sarli V.D.,Benedetto A.D.,Russo G.,Using large eddy simulation for understanding vented gas explosions in the presence of obstacles.Journal of Hazardous Materials,2009,169:435-442.
[28]Liu Q.,Zhang Y.,Fang N.,et al.,Study on the flame propagation and gas explosion in propane/air mixtures.Fuel,2015,140:677-684.
[29]Fabrice C.,Charles M.,Denis V.,A power-law flame wrinkling model for LES of premixed turbulent combustion Part I:non-dynamic formulation and initial tests.Combustion and Flame,2002,131:159-180.
[30]Shi J.R.,Xie M.Z.,Liu H.,et al.,Two-dimensional numerical study of combustion and heat transfer in porous media combustor-heater.Proceedings of the Combustion Institute,2011,33:3309-3316.
[31]Younis L.B.,Viskanta R.,Experimental determination of the volumetric heat transfer coefficient between stream of air and ceramic foam.International Journal of Heat&Mass Transfer,1993,36:1425-1434.
[32]Jones W.P.,Launder B.E.,The prediction of laminarization with a two-equation model of turbulence.International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,1972,15:301-314.
[33]Westbrook C.K.,Dryer F.L.,Simplified reaction mechanisms for the oxidation of hydrocarbon fuels in flames.Combustion Science&Technology,1981,27:31-43.
[34]Molkov V.V.,Makarov D.V.,Schneider H.,Hydrogen-air deflagrations in open atmosphere:Large eddy simulation analysis of experimental data.International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2007,32:2198-2205.
[35]Hall R.,Masri A.R.,Yaroshchyk P.,et al.,Effects of position and frequency of obstacles on turbulent premixed propagating flames.Combustion and Flame,2009,156:439-446.
[36]Lee T.S.,Sung J.Y.,Park D.J.,Experimental investigations on the deflagration explosion characteristics of different DME-LPG mixtures.Fire Safety Journal,2012,49:62-66.
[37]Fu X.,Viskanta R.,Gore J.P.,Measurement and correlation of volumetric heat transfer coefficients of cellular ceramics.Experimental Thermal&Fluid Science,1998,17:285-293.
[38]Mihalik T.A.,Lee J.H.,Continillo G.,et al.,Quenching mechanisms of gaseous hydrocarbon-air flames in packed beds.Proceedings of the 18th International Colloquium on the Dynamics of Explosions and Reactive Systems,Seattle,US,2001.
[39]Thomas G.O.,The quenching of laminar methane-air flames by water mists.Combustion and Flame,2002,130:147-160.