Insights into the Origin of Natural Gas Reservoirs in the Devonian System of the Marsel Block, Kazakhstan
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摘要
The genetic type and accumulation model of the Devonian reservoirs in the Marsel Block remain unclear, despite decades of exploration history. According to the well testing, logging interpretations and sample testing results, the Devonian natural gas reservoir in the Marsel Block has five typical characteristics:(1) It is obvious that the traps contain continuous gas accumulations. Not only the apexes of the structures are enriched in natural gas, but also the slopes and depressions contain gas accumulations.(2) The gas reservoirs are classified as tight reservoirs, but there are also reservoirs with high porosity and permeability in some areas.(3) The general negative or low-pressure in the gas reservoir is obvious, although the pressure in the target layers of some wells is close to normal.(4) The yields of single wells in the Devonian reservoir are quite different: some wells have low yields or are dry, whereas the gas production from high-yield wells has reached 700 000 m3/day.(5) The gas-water relationship is complicated: there is no obvious gas-water interface, but the water-producing layer is generally located at the apexes of structures. Research and analysis have shown that using the model of the conventional gas reservoirs genetic type can only explain the characteristics of parts of the gas reservoir, while the model of accumulation in a deep-basin gas reservoir cannot fully explain the distribution characteristics of the Devonian reservoir. However, the model of accumulation in a stacked complex continuous oil and gas reservoir can reasonably explain the geological and distribution characteristics of the Devonian reservoir. Moreover, the predicted gas distribution along a cross-section of the reservoir is also in agreement with the geological background and tectonic environment of the Marsel Block, therefore, the genetic type of the Devonian natural gas reservoir in the Marsel Block is a stacked complex continuous tight-gas reservoir. Finally, by comprehensively analyzing the source rock, reservoir and cap rocks, as well as the structural characteristics, it is verified that Devonian in the Marsel Block has favorable geological conditions for formation of a superimposed continuous tight gas reservoir.
The genetic type and accumulation model of the Devonian reservoirs in the Marsel Block remain unclear, despite decades of exploration history. According to the well testing, logging interpretations and sample testing results, the Devonian natural gas reservoir in the Marsel Block has five typical characteristics:(1) It is obvious that the traps contain continuous gas accumulations. Not only the apexes of the structures are enriched in natural gas, but also the slopes and depressions contain gas accumulations.(2) The gas reservoirs are classified as tight reservoirs, but there are also reservoirs with high porosity and permeability in some areas.(3) The general negative or low-pressure in the gas reservoir is obvious, although the pressure in the target layers of some wells is close to normal.(4) The yields of single wells in the Devonian reservoir are quite different: some wells have low yields or are dry, whereas the gas production from high-yield wells has reached 700 000 m3/day.(5) The gas-water relationship is complicated: there is no obvious gas-water interface, but the water-producing layer is generally located at the apexes of structures. Research and analysis have shown that using the model of the conventional gas reservoirs genetic type can only explain the characteristics of parts of the gas reservoir, while the model of accumulation in a deep-basin gas reservoir cannot fully explain the distribution characteristics of the Devonian reservoir. However, the model of accumulation in a stacked complex continuous oil and gas reservoir can reasonably explain the geological and distribution characteristics of the Devonian reservoir. Moreover, the predicted gas distribution along a cross-section of the reservoir is also in agreement with the geological background and tectonic environment of the Marsel Block, therefore, the genetic type of the Devonian natural gas reservoir in the Marsel Block is a stacked complex continuous tight-gas reservoir. Finally, by comprehensively analyzing the source rock, reservoir and cap rocks, as well as the structural characteristics, it is verified that Devonian in the Marsel Block has favorable geological conditions for formation of a superimposed continuous tight gas reservoir.
The genetic type and accumulation model of the Devonian reservoirs in the Marsel Block remain unclear, despite decades of exploration history. According to the well testing, logging interpretations and sample testing results, the Devonian natural gas reservoir in the Marsel Block has five typical characteristics:(1) It is obvious that the traps contain continuous gas accumulations. Not only the apexes of the structures are enriched in natural gas, but also the slopes and depressions contain gas accumulations.(2) The gas reservoirs are classified as tight reservoirs, but there are also reservoirs with high porosity and permeability in some areas.(3) The general negative or low-pressure in the gas reservoir is obvious, although the pressure in the target layers of some wells is close to normal.(4) The yields of single wells in the Devonian reservoir are quite different: some wells have low yields or are dry, whereas the gas production from high-yield wells has reached 700 000 m3/day.(5) The gas-water relationship is complicated: there is no obvious gas-water interface, but the water-producing layer is generally located at the apexes of structures. Research and analysis have shown that using the model of the conventional gas reservoirs genetic type can only explain the characteristics of parts of the gas reservoir, while the model of accumulation in a deep-basin gas reservoir cannot fully explain the distribution characteristics of the Devonian reservoir. However, the model of accumulation in a stacked complex continuous oil and gas reservoir can reasonably explain the geological and distribution characteristics of the Devonian reservoir. Moreover, the predicted gas distribution along a cross-section of the reservoir is also in agreement with the geological background and tectonic environment of the Marsel Block, therefore, the genetic type of the Devonian natural gas reservoir in the Marsel Block is a stacked complex continuous tight-gas reservoir. Finally, by comprehensively analyzing the source rock, reservoir and cap rocks, as well as the structural characteristics, it is verified that Devonian in the Marsel Block has favorable geological conditions for formation of a superimposed continuous tight gas reservoir.
引文
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Gao,H.R.,Wang,W.L.,2017.The Newly Discovered Yanchang Gas Field in the Ordos Basin,Central China.Journal of Earth Science,28(2):347-357.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-015-0661-5
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Gies,R.M.,1984.Case History for a Major Alberta Deep Basin Gas Trap:the Cadomin Formation.AAPG Memoir,38:115-140
Hu,H.Y.,Zeng,Z.P.,Liu,J.Z.,2015.Key Elements Controlling Oil Accumulation within the Tight Sandstones.Journal of Earth Science,26(3):328-342.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-015-0550-y
IHS Energy Group,2013.International Petroleum Exploration and Production Database.IHS Energy Group,Englewood,Colorado
Istekova,S.A.,Baidauletova,A.A.,Mussayev,R.A.,2012.Log Appliance in Detection of the Sequence Stratigraphic Zones and Facies Analysis of the Sediments-Kumkol Deposit,Kazakhstan--As a Case Study.2nd EAGE International Conference,Kaz Geo
Karabaev,Z.A.,Kapustin,V.M.,Tanashev,S.T.,et al.,2013.Intensification of Vacuum Distillation of Residual Fuel Oil from Kumkol Oil by Controlling Phase Transitions of Oil Disperse Systems.Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils,49(3):239-244.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10553-013-0436-6
Law,B.E.,2002.Basin-Centered Gas System.AAPG Bulletin,86(11):1891-1919
Li,Q.W.,Pang,X.Q.,Li,B.Y.,et al.,2018.Discrimination of Effective Source Rocks and Evaluation of the Hydrocarbon Resource Potential in Marsel,Kazakhstan.Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,160:194-206.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2017.10.029
Li,Y.,Tang,D.Z.,Wu,P.,et al.,2016.Continuous Unconventional Natural Gas Accumulations of Carboniferous-Permian Coal-Bearing Strata in the Linxing Area,Northeastern Ordos Basin,China.Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering,36:314-327.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jngse.2016.10.037
Marten,K.,2007.Russian Efforts to Control Kazakhstan’s Oil:The Kumkol Case.Post-Soviet Affairs,23(1):18-37.https://doi.org/10.2747/1060-586x.23.1.18
Masters,J.A.,1979.Deep Basin Gas Trap,Western Canada.AAPG Bulletin,63(2):152-181
Pang,X.Q.,Huang,H.D.,Lin,C.S.,et al.,2014a.Formation,Distribution,Exploration,and Resource/Reserve Assessment of Superimposed Continuous Gas Field in Marsel Exploration Area,Kazakhstan.Acta Petrolei Sinica,35(6):1012-1056.https://doi.org/10.7623/syxb201406002(in Chinese with English Abstract)
Pang,X.Q.,Jin,Z.J.,Jiang,Z.X.,et al.,2003.Critical Condition for Gas Accumulation in the Deep Basin Trap and Physical Modeling.Natural Gas Geoscience,14(3):207-214(in Chinese with English Abstract)
Pang,X.Q.,Zhou,X.Y.,Dong,Y.X.,et al.,2013.Formation Mechanism Classification of Tight Sandstone Hydrocarbon Reservoirs in Petroliferous Basin and Resources Appraisal.Journal of China University of Petroleum,37(5):28-37,56.https://doi.org/0.3969/j.issn.1673-5005.2013.05.005(in Chinese with English Abstract)
Pang,X.,Jiang,Z.,Huang,H.,et al.,2014b.Formation Mechanisms,Distribution Models,and Prediction of Superimposed,Continuous Hydrocarbon Reservoirs.Acta Petrolei Sinica,25(3):197-199.https://doi.org/10.7623/syxb201405001(in Chinese with English Abstract)
Qiu,L.W.,Yang,S.C.,Qu,C.S.,et al.,2017.A Comprehensive Porosity Prediction Model for the Upper Paleozoic Tight Sandstone Reservoir in the Daniudi Gas Field,Ordos Basin.Journal of Earth Science,28(6):1086-1096.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-016-0935-2
Rose,P.R.,Everett,J.R.,Merin,I.S.,1986.Potential Basin-Centered Gas Accumulation in Cretaceous Trinidad Sandstone,Raton Basin,Colorado.Energy Sources,179-180
Roy,J.W.,Ryan,M.C.,2013.Effects of Unconventional Gas Development on Groundwater:A Call for Total Dissolved Gas Pressure Field Measurements.Groundwater,51(4):480-482.https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12065
Schenk,C.J.,2004.Geologic Definition and Resource Assessment of Continuous(Unconventional)Gas Accumulations--The U.S.Experience.AAPG Cairo 2002 International Meeting Abstracts,Cairo
Schmoker,J.W.,2002.Resource-Assessment Perspectives for Unconventional Gas Systems.AAPG Bulletin,86(11):1993-1999
U.S.Geological Survery National Oil and Gas Resource Assessment Team(GSC),1995.1995 National Assessment of United States Oil and Gas Resources.The U.S.Geological Survey Circular,Washington DC
Wandrey,C.J.,Ryder,R.T.,Nuccio,V.F.,et al.,1997.The Areal Extent of Continuous Type Gas Accumulations in Lower Silurian Clinton Sands and Medina Group Sandstones of the Appalachian Basin and the Environments Affected by Their Development.Geological Survey,Washington DC
Wang,S.H.,Wu,S.B.,Cai,F.,et al.,2012.Sedimentary Facies of Kumkol Formation of Upper Jurassic in Kumkol Oilfield,South Turgay Basin.Journal of Xi’an Shiyou University(Natural Science Edition),27(3):15-20(in Chinese with English Abstract)
Wang,Y.,Lin,C.,Li,H.,et al.,2017.Characteristics of High-Frequency Sequence and Sedimentary Evolution of the Lower Carboniferous in Marsel Block,Kazakhstan.Journal of Palaeogeography,19(5):819-834(in Chinese with English Abstract)
Yang,H.,Dou,W.,Yu,J.,2003.New Technology for Exploration of Low-Permeability Oil Reservoirs in Ordos Basin.China Petroleum Exploration,1:32-40(in Chinese with English Abstract)
Zhang,K.,Pang,X.Q.,Zhao,Z.F.,et al.,2018.Pore Structure and Fractal Analysis of Lower Carboniferous Carbonate Reservoirs in the Marsel Area,Chu-Sarysu Basin.Marine and Petroleum Geology,93:451-467.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2018.03.027
Zhang,X.L.,Zha,M.,Wang,P.,2006.Oil/Water Inversion and Its Genetic Mechanism in the Higher Portions of the Single Sandstone Body.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,24(1):148(in Chinese with English Abstract)
Zhao,B.,Lin,C.,Hao,L.I.,et al.,2018.Description and Distribution Characteristics of Lower Carboniferous Karst Reservoir of Asa Block in Marsel Area,Southern Kazakhstan.Lithologic Reservoirs,30(1):97-111(in Chinese with English Abstract)
Zhao,J.Z.,Wang,L.,Sun,B.H.,et al.,2010.Effect of Structural Evolution on the Formation and Distribution of Upper Paleozoic Giant Gas Fields in the East Ordos Basin.Natural Gas Geoscience,21(6):875-881.https://doi.org/10.1016/S1876-3804(11)60008-6(in Chinese with English Abstract)
Zhao,J.,Fu,J.,Yao,J.,et al.,2012.Quasi-Continuous Accumulation Model of Large Tight Sandstone Gas Field in Ordos Basin.Acta Petrolei Sinica,33(1):37-52.https://doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20130330(in Chinese with English Abstract)
Zhao,L.,Wang,J.C.,Chen,L.,et al.,2014.Influences of Sandstone Superimposed Structure and Architecture on Waterflooding Mechanisms:ACase Study of Kumkol Oilfield in South Turgay Basin,Kazakhstan.Petroleum Exploration and Development,41(1):96-104.https://doi.org/10.1016/s1876-3804(14)60011-2(in Chinese with English Abstract)
Zhao,Z.F.,Pang,X.Q.,Li,Q.W.,et al.,2017.Depositional Environment and Geochemical Characteristics of the Lower Carboniferous Source Rocks in the Marsel Area,Chu-Sarysu Basin,Southern Kazakhstan.Marine and Petroleum Geology,81:134-148.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2016.12.021
Zou,C.N.,Tao,S.Z.,Yang,Z.,et al.,2013.Development of Petroleum Geology in China:Discussion on Continuous Petroleum Accumulation.Journal of Earth Science,24(5):796-803.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-013-0373-7
Zou,C.,2009.The Formation Conditions and Distribution Characteristics of Continuous Petroleum Accumulations.Acta Petrolei Sinica,30(3):324-331.https://doi.org/10.3321/j.issn:0253-2697.2009.03.002(in Chinese with English Abstract)
Gao,H.R.,Wang,W.L.,2017.The Newly Discovered Yanchang Gas Field in the Ordos Basin,Central China.Journal of Earth Science,28(2):347-357.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-015-0661-5
Gautier,D.L.,Dolton,G.L.,Takahashi,K.I.,et al.,1996.1995 National Assessment of United States Oil and Gas Resources:Results,Methodology,and Supporting Data.Geological Survey,Washington DC
Gies,R.M.,1984.Case History for a Major Alberta Deep Basin Gas Trap:the Cadomin Formation.AAPG Memoir,38:115-140
Hu,H.Y.,Zeng,Z.P.,Liu,J.Z.,2015.Key Elements Controlling Oil Accumulation within the Tight Sandstones.Journal of Earth Science,26(3):328-342.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-015-0550-y
IHS Energy Group,2013.International Petroleum Exploration and Production Database.IHS Energy Group,Englewood,Colorado
Istekova,S.A.,Baidauletova,A.A.,Mussayev,R.A.,2012.Log Appliance in Detection of the Sequence Stratigraphic Zones and Facies Analysis of the Sediments-Kumkol Deposit,Kazakhstan--As a Case Study.2nd EAGE International Conference,Kaz Geo
Karabaev,Z.A.,Kapustin,V.M.,Tanashev,S.T.,et al.,2013.Intensification of Vacuum Distillation of Residual Fuel Oil from Kumkol Oil by Controlling Phase Transitions of Oil Disperse Systems.Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils,49(3):239-244.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10553-013-0436-6
Law,B.E.,2002.Basin-Centered Gas System.AAPG Bulletin,86(11):1891-1919
Li,Q.W.,Pang,X.Q.,Li,B.Y.,et al.,2018.Discrimination of Effective Source Rocks and Evaluation of the Hydrocarbon Resource Potential in Marsel,Kazakhstan.Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,160:194-206.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2017.10.029
Li,Y.,Tang,D.Z.,Wu,P.,et al.,2016.Continuous Unconventional Natural Gas Accumulations of Carboniferous-Permian Coal-Bearing Strata in the Linxing Area,Northeastern Ordos Basin,China.Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering,36:314-327.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jngse.2016.10.037
Marten,K.,2007.Russian Efforts to Control Kazakhstan’s Oil:The Kumkol Case.Post-Soviet Affairs,23(1):18-37.https://doi.org/10.2747/1060-586x.23.1.18
Masters,J.A.,1979.Deep Basin Gas Trap,Western Canada.AAPG Bulletin,63(2):152-181
Pang,X.Q.,Huang,H.D.,Lin,C.S.,et al.,2014a.Formation,Distribution,Exploration,and Resource/Reserve Assessment of Superimposed Continuous Gas Field in Marsel Exploration Area,Kazakhstan.Acta Petrolei Sinica,35(6):1012-1056.https://doi.org/10.7623/syxb201406002(in Chinese with English Abstract)
Pang,X.Q.,Jin,Z.J.,Jiang,Z.X.,et al.,2003.Critical Condition for Gas Accumulation in the Deep Basin Trap and Physical Modeling.Natural Gas Geoscience,14(3):207-214(in Chinese with English Abstract)
Pang,X.Q.,Zhou,X.Y.,Dong,Y.X.,et al.,2013.Formation Mechanism Classification of Tight Sandstone Hydrocarbon Reservoirs in Petroliferous Basin and Resources Appraisal.Journal of China University of Petroleum,37(5):28-37,56.https://doi.org/0.3969/j.issn.1673-5005.2013.05.005(in Chinese with English Abstract)
Pang,X.,Jiang,Z.,Huang,H.,et al.,2014b.Formation Mechanisms,Distribution Models,and Prediction of Superimposed,Continuous Hydrocarbon Reservoirs.Acta Petrolei Sinica,25(3):197-199.https://doi.org/10.7623/syxb201405001(in Chinese with English Abstract)
Qiu,L.W.,Yang,S.C.,Qu,C.S.,et al.,2017.A Comprehensive Porosity Prediction Model for the Upper Paleozoic Tight Sandstone Reservoir in the Daniudi Gas Field,Ordos Basin.Journal of Earth Science,28(6):1086-1096.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-016-0935-2
Rose,P.R.,Everett,J.R.,Merin,I.S.,1986.Potential Basin-Centered Gas Accumulation in Cretaceous Trinidad Sandstone,Raton Basin,Colorado.Energy Sources,179-180
Roy,J.W.,Ryan,M.C.,2013.Effects of Unconventional Gas Development on Groundwater:A Call for Total Dissolved Gas Pressure Field Measurements.Groundwater,51(4):480-482.https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12065
Schenk,C.J.,2004.Geologic Definition and Resource Assessment of Continuous(Unconventional)Gas Accumulations--The U.S.Experience.AAPG Cairo 2002 International Meeting Abstracts,Cairo
Schmoker,J.W.,2002.Resource-Assessment Perspectives for Unconventional Gas Systems.AAPG Bulletin,86(11):1993-1999
U.S.Geological Survery National Oil and Gas Resource Assessment Team(GSC),1995.1995 National Assessment of United States Oil and Gas Resources.The U.S.Geological Survey Circular,Washington DC
Wandrey,C.J.,Ryder,R.T.,Nuccio,V.F.,et al.,1997.The Areal Extent of Continuous Type Gas Accumulations in Lower Silurian Clinton Sands and Medina Group Sandstones of the Appalachian Basin and the Environments Affected by Their Development.Geological Survey,Washington DC
Wang,S.H.,Wu,S.B.,Cai,F.,et al.,2012.Sedimentary Facies of Kumkol Formation of Upper Jurassic in Kumkol Oilfield,South Turgay Basin.Journal of Xi’an Shiyou University(Natural Science Edition),27(3):15-20(in Chinese with English Abstract)
Wang,Y.,Lin,C.,Li,H.,et al.,2017.Characteristics of High-Frequency Sequence and Sedimentary Evolution of the Lower Carboniferous in Marsel Block,Kazakhstan.Journal of Palaeogeography,19(5):819-834(in Chinese with English Abstract)
Yang,H.,Dou,W.,Yu,J.,2003.New Technology for Exploration of Low-Permeability Oil Reservoirs in Ordos Basin.China Petroleum Exploration,1:32-40(in Chinese with English Abstract)
Zhang,K.,Pang,X.Q.,Zhao,Z.F.,et al.,2018.Pore Structure and Fractal Analysis of Lower Carboniferous Carbonate Reservoirs in the Marsel Area,Chu-Sarysu Basin.Marine and Petroleum Geology,93:451-467.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2018.03.027
Zhang,X.L.,Zha,M.,Wang,P.,2006.Oil/Water Inversion and Its Genetic Mechanism in the Higher Portions of the Single Sandstone Body.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,24(1):148(in Chinese with English Abstract)
Zhao,B.,Lin,C.,Hao,L.I.,et al.,2018.Description and Distribution Characteristics of Lower Carboniferous Karst Reservoir of Asa Block in Marsel Area,Southern Kazakhstan.Lithologic Reservoirs,30(1):97-111(in Chinese with English Abstract)
Zhao,J.Z.,Wang,L.,Sun,B.H.,et al.,2010.Effect of Structural Evolution on the Formation and Distribution of Upper Paleozoic Giant Gas Fields in the East Ordos Basin.Natural Gas Geoscience,21(6):875-881.https://doi.org/10.1016/S1876-3804(11)60008-6(in Chinese with English Abstract)
Zhao,J.,Fu,J.,Yao,J.,et al.,2012.Quasi-Continuous Accumulation Model of Large Tight Sandstone Gas Field in Ordos Basin.Acta Petrolei Sinica,33(1):37-52.https://doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20130330(in Chinese with English Abstract)
Zhao,L.,Wang,J.C.,Chen,L.,et al.,2014.Influences of Sandstone Superimposed Structure and Architecture on Waterflooding Mechanisms:ACase Study of Kumkol Oilfield in South Turgay Basin,Kazakhstan.Petroleum Exploration and Development,41(1):96-104.https://doi.org/10.1016/s1876-3804(14)60011-2(in Chinese with English Abstract)
Zhao,Z.F.,Pang,X.Q.,Li,Q.W.,et al.,2017.Depositional Environment and Geochemical Characteristics of the Lower Carboniferous Source Rocks in the Marsel Area,Chu-Sarysu Basin,Southern Kazakhstan.Marine and Petroleum Geology,81:134-148.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2016.12.021
Zou,C.N.,Tao,S.Z.,Yang,Z.,et al.,2013.Development of Petroleum Geology in China:Discussion on Continuous Petroleum Accumulation.Journal of Earth Science,24(5):796-803.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-013-0373-7
Zou,C.,2009.The Formation Conditions and Distribution Characteristics of Continuous Petroleum Accumulations.Acta Petrolei Sinica,30(3):324-331.https://doi.org/10.3321/j.issn:0253-2697.2009.03.002(in Chinese with English Abstract)