库水位波动及降雨作用下巫峡干井子滑坡流-固耦合特征及稳定性分析
|
摘要
三峡库区巫峡段高陡峡谷区地质环境脆弱,库岸滑坡分布密集,受库水位和降雨影响变形明显。以巫峡段干井子滑坡为例,基于有限元方法和非饱和土力学理论建立滑坡流-固耦合计算模型,考虑滑坡瞬态渗流引起的土骨架变形和渗透系数变化,将非饱和土强度理论和孔隙水压力分布应用到极限平衡法中,分析滑坡在库水位波动和降雨条件下的渗流、应力应变和稳定性变化规律。结果表明,干井子滑坡地下水位和稳定性受库水位波动的影响较大。降雨受斜坡地形因素控制很难直接入渗至滑体深部,在强降雨条件下滑坡整体稳定性变化较小,滑坡中后部易发生浅表层变形,模拟结果与野外实际调查情况一致。研究对库区地质灾害监测预警和防治工作有一定指导作用。
The geological environment of the high-steep gorge area of Wu Gorge in the Three-Gorges Reservoir(TGR) region is vulnerable,and the bank landslides distributed densely.Taking Ganjingzi landslide in the Wu gorge for example.The landslide fluid-solid coupling calculation models were established based on the finite element method and unsaturated soil mechanics.The unsaturated soil strength theory and pore water pressure distribution were applied to the limit equilibrium method considering the deformation of soil skeleton and permeability coefficient changing caused by the landslide transient seepage.The seepage,stress-strain and stability were carried out to Ganjingzi landslide under the reservoir water level fluctuating and rainfall.The consequences indicate that groundwater level and stability of the Ganjingzi landslide are greatly affected by the fluctuation of the reservoir water level.Due to the special topographic,the precipitation infiltrate into the deep part of the slope hardly,the slope is relatively stable under the heavy rainfall conditions,shallow sliding tending to occur in the rear part.The simulation results are consistent with the actual investigation in the field.The conclusions are useful for guiding the monitoring,early warning and prevention of geological disasters in the TGR area.
The geological environment of the high-steep gorge area of Wu Gorge in the Three-Gorges Reservoir(TGR) region is vulnerable,and the bank landslides distributed densely.Taking Ganjingzi landslide in the Wu gorge for example.The landslide fluid-solid coupling calculation models were established based on the finite element method and unsaturated soil mechanics.The unsaturated soil strength theory and pore water pressure distribution were applied to the limit equilibrium method considering the deformation of soil skeleton and permeability coefficient changing caused by the landslide transient seepage.The seepage,stress-strain and stability were carried out to Ganjingzi landslide under the reservoir water level fluctuating and rainfall.The consequences indicate that groundwater level and stability of the Ganjingzi landslide are greatly affected by the fluctuation of the reservoir water level.Due to the special topographic,the precipitation infiltrate into the deep part of the slope hardly,the slope is relatively stable under the heavy rainfall conditions,shallow sliding tending to occur in the rear part.The simulation results are consistent with the actual investigation in the field.The conclusions are useful for guiding the monitoring,early warning and prevention of geological disasters in the TGR area.
引文
[1] YIN Y,HUANG B,WANG W,et al. Reservoir-induced landslides and risk control in Three GorgesProject on Yangtze River,China[J]. Journal of RockMechanics and Geotechnical Engineering,2016,8(5):577-595.
[2] KUKEMILKS K,SAKS T. Landslides and gully slopeerosion on the banks of the Gauja River between thetowns of Sigulda and Līgatne[J]. Estonian Journal ofEarth Sciences,2013,62(4):231-243.
[3]肖诗荣,刘德富,胡志宇.三峡库区千将坪滑坡高速滑动机制研究[J].岩土力学,2010,31(11):3531-3536.XIAO Shirong,LIU Defu,HU Zhiyu. Study of highspeed slide mechanism of Qianjiangping landslide inThree Gorges Reservoir area[J]. Rock and SoilMechanics,2010,31(11):3531-3536.
[4] GU D M, HUANG D, YANG W D, et al.Understanding the triggering mechanism and possiblekinematic evolution of a reactivated landslide in theThree Gorges Reservoir[J]. Landslides,2017,14(10):1-15.
[5] LI D,YIN K, LEO C. Analysis of Baishuihelandslide influenced by the effects of reservoir waterand rainfall[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences,2010,60(4):677-687.
[6]马飞,杜春兰.基于风险管控的滑坡防治工程设计理念———以三峡库区巫山干井子滑坡为例[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2016,27(4):1-6.MA Fei,DU Chunlan. Concept design for landslideprevention and control engineering based on riskmanagement:a case study of Ganjingzi landslide[J].The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard andControl,2016,27(4):1-6.
[7]殷坤龙,周春梅,柴波.三峡库区巫峡段反倾岩石边坡的破坏机制及判据[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(8):1635-1643.YIN Kunlong,ZHOU Chunmei,CHAI Bo. Failuremechanism and criterion of counter-tilt rock slopes atWuxia Gorge section in Three Gorges Reservoir area[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2014,33(8):1635-1643.
[8] HUANG B,YIN Y,DU C. Risk management study onimpulse waves generated by Hongyanzi landslide inThree Gorges Reservoir of China on June 24,2015[J]. Landslides,2016,13(3):603-616.
[9] SUN G H,YANG Y,CHENG S,et al. Phreatic linecalculation and stability analysis of slopes under thecombined effect of reservoir water level fluctuationsand rainfall[J]. Canadian Geotechnical Journal,2017,54(5):641-645
[10]张景昱,宛良朋,潘洪月,等.考虑水-岩作用特点的典型岸坡长期稳定性分析[J].岩土工程学报,2017,39(10):1851-1858.ZHANG Jingyu,WAN Liangpeng,PAN Hongyue,etal. Long-term stability of bank slope consideringcharacteristics of water-rock interaction[J]. ChineseJournal of Geotechnical Engineering,2017,39(10):1851-1858.
[11]赖小玲,叶为民,王世梅.滑坡滑带土非饱和蠕变特性试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2012,34(2):286-293.LAI Xiaoling, YE Weimin, WANG Shimei.Experimental study on unsaturated creepcharacteristics of landslide soils[J]. Chinese Journalof Geotechnical Engineering, 2012, 34(2):286-293.
[12] ERBER M W, ERBER R. Influence of filling-drawdown cycles of the Vajont reservoir on Mt. Tocslope stability[J]. Geomorphology,2013,191(5):75-93.
[13] WU Y,MIAO F,LI L,et al. Time-varying reliabilityanalysis of Huangtupo Riverside No. 2 Landslide inthe Three Gorges Reservoir based on water-soilcoupling[J]. Engineering Geology,2017,226:267-276.
[14]张桂荣,程伟.降雨及库水位联合作用下秭归八字门滑坡稳定性预测[J].岩土力学,2011,32(S1):476-482.ZHANG Guirong,CHENG Wei. Stability predictionfor Bazimen landslide of Zigui County under theassociative action of reservoir water lever fluctuationsand rainfall infiltration[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(S1):476-482.
[15]张夏冉,殷坤龙,李烨,等.库水位下降和降雨对重庆万州下坪滑坡稳定性的影响[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2017,28(2):22-29.ZHANG Xiaran, YIN Kunlong, LI ye, et al.Influence of drawdown of reservoir water level andrainfall on Xiaping landslide stability[J]. TheChinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2017,28(2):22-29.
[16]李俊业,唐红梅,陈洪凯,等.考虑饱和-非饱和渗流作用的重庆奉节鹤峰乡场镇滑坡稳定性分析[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2010,21(4):1-7.LI Junye,TANG Hongmei,CHEN Hongkai,et al.Stability analysis of Changzhen landslide inconsidering saturated and unsaturated seepage effects[J]. The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard andControl,2010,21(4):1-7.
[17]郑颖人,唐晓松.库水作用下边(滑)坡稳定性分析[J].岩土工程学报,2007,29(8):1115-1121.ZHENG Yingren,TANG Xiaosong. Stability analysisof slopes under drawdown condition of reservoirs[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2007,29(8):1115-1121.
[18]汪斌,唐辉明,朱杰兵,等.考虑流固耦合作用的库岸滑坡变形失稳机制[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(S2):4484-4489.WANG Bin, TANG Huiming, LI Jiebing, et al.Deformation and failure mechanism of reservoirlandslide considering fluid-soil coupling effect[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(S2):4484-4489.
[19] MANDEL J. CONSOLIDATION Des Sols(étudeMathémati-que)[J]. Géotechnique,1953,3(7):287-299.
[20] FREDLUND D G,MORGENSTERN N R. Stress statevariables for unsaturated soils[J]. Journal of theGeotechnical Engineering Division,1977,103(5):447-466.
[21]唐栋,李典庆,周创兵,等.考虑前期降雨过程的边坡稳定性分析[J].岩土力学,2013,34(11):3239-3248.TANG Dong,LI Dianqing,ZHOU Chuangbing,et al.Slope stability analysis considering antecedent rainfallprocess[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics,2013,34(11):3239-3248.
[2] KUKEMILKS K,SAKS T. Landslides and gully slopeerosion on the banks of the Gauja River between thetowns of Sigulda and Līgatne[J]. Estonian Journal ofEarth Sciences,2013,62(4):231-243.
[3]肖诗荣,刘德富,胡志宇.三峡库区千将坪滑坡高速滑动机制研究[J].岩土力学,2010,31(11):3531-3536.XIAO Shirong,LIU Defu,HU Zhiyu. Study of highspeed slide mechanism of Qianjiangping landslide inThree Gorges Reservoir area[J]. Rock and SoilMechanics,2010,31(11):3531-3536.
[4] GU D M, HUANG D, YANG W D, et al.Understanding the triggering mechanism and possiblekinematic evolution of a reactivated landslide in theThree Gorges Reservoir[J]. Landslides,2017,14(10):1-15.
[5] LI D,YIN K, LEO C. Analysis of Baishuihelandslide influenced by the effects of reservoir waterand rainfall[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences,2010,60(4):677-687.
[6]马飞,杜春兰.基于风险管控的滑坡防治工程设计理念———以三峡库区巫山干井子滑坡为例[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2016,27(4):1-6.MA Fei,DU Chunlan. Concept design for landslideprevention and control engineering based on riskmanagement:a case study of Ganjingzi landslide[J].The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard andControl,2016,27(4):1-6.
[7]殷坤龙,周春梅,柴波.三峡库区巫峡段反倾岩石边坡的破坏机制及判据[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(8):1635-1643.YIN Kunlong,ZHOU Chunmei,CHAI Bo. Failuremechanism and criterion of counter-tilt rock slopes atWuxia Gorge section in Three Gorges Reservoir area[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2014,33(8):1635-1643.
[8] HUANG B,YIN Y,DU C. Risk management study onimpulse waves generated by Hongyanzi landslide inThree Gorges Reservoir of China on June 24,2015[J]. Landslides,2016,13(3):603-616.
[9] SUN G H,YANG Y,CHENG S,et al. Phreatic linecalculation and stability analysis of slopes under thecombined effect of reservoir water level fluctuationsand rainfall[J]. Canadian Geotechnical Journal,2017,54(5):641-645
[10]张景昱,宛良朋,潘洪月,等.考虑水-岩作用特点的典型岸坡长期稳定性分析[J].岩土工程学报,2017,39(10):1851-1858.ZHANG Jingyu,WAN Liangpeng,PAN Hongyue,etal. Long-term stability of bank slope consideringcharacteristics of water-rock interaction[J]. ChineseJournal of Geotechnical Engineering,2017,39(10):1851-1858.
[11]赖小玲,叶为民,王世梅.滑坡滑带土非饱和蠕变特性试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2012,34(2):286-293.LAI Xiaoling, YE Weimin, WANG Shimei.Experimental study on unsaturated creepcharacteristics of landslide soils[J]. Chinese Journalof Geotechnical Engineering, 2012, 34(2):286-293.
[12] ERBER M W, ERBER R. Influence of filling-drawdown cycles of the Vajont reservoir on Mt. Tocslope stability[J]. Geomorphology,2013,191(5):75-93.
[13] WU Y,MIAO F,LI L,et al. Time-varying reliabilityanalysis of Huangtupo Riverside No. 2 Landslide inthe Three Gorges Reservoir based on water-soilcoupling[J]. Engineering Geology,2017,226:267-276.
[14]张桂荣,程伟.降雨及库水位联合作用下秭归八字门滑坡稳定性预测[J].岩土力学,2011,32(S1):476-482.ZHANG Guirong,CHENG Wei. Stability predictionfor Bazimen landslide of Zigui County under theassociative action of reservoir water lever fluctuationsand rainfall infiltration[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(S1):476-482.
[15]张夏冉,殷坤龙,李烨,等.库水位下降和降雨对重庆万州下坪滑坡稳定性的影响[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2017,28(2):22-29.ZHANG Xiaran, YIN Kunlong, LI ye, et al.Influence of drawdown of reservoir water level andrainfall on Xiaping landslide stability[J]. TheChinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2017,28(2):22-29.
[16]李俊业,唐红梅,陈洪凯,等.考虑饱和-非饱和渗流作用的重庆奉节鹤峰乡场镇滑坡稳定性分析[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2010,21(4):1-7.LI Junye,TANG Hongmei,CHEN Hongkai,et al.Stability analysis of Changzhen landslide inconsidering saturated and unsaturated seepage effects[J]. The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard andControl,2010,21(4):1-7.
[17]郑颖人,唐晓松.库水作用下边(滑)坡稳定性分析[J].岩土工程学报,2007,29(8):1115-1121.ZHENG Yingren,TANG Xiaosong. Stability analysisof slopes under drawdown condition of reservoirs[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2007,29(8):1115-1121.
[18]汪斌,唐辉明,朱杰兵,等.考虑流固耦合作用的库岸滑坡变形失稳机制[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(S2):4484-4489.WANG Bin, TANG Huiming, LI Jiebing, et al.Deformation and failure mechanism of reservoirlandslide considering fluid-soil coupling effect[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(S2):4484-4489.
[19] MANDEL J. CONSOLIDATION Des Sols(étudeMathémati-que)[J]. Géotechnique,1953,3(7):287-299.
[20] FREDLUND D G,MORGENSTERN N R. Stress statevariables for unsaturated soils[J]. Journal of theGeotechnical Engineering Division,1977,103(5):447-466.
[21]唐栋,李典庆,周创兵,等.考虑前期降雨过程的边坡稳定性分析[J].岩土力学,2013,34(11):3239-3248.TANG Dong,LI Dianqing,ZHOU Chuangbing,et al.Slope stability analysis considering antecedent rainfallprocess[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics,2013,34(11):3239-3248.