Early Permian Sunidyouqi suprasubduction-zone ophiolites in the central Solonker suture zone(Inner Mongolia, China)
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摘要
Different final closing ages have been proposed for the evolution of the Paleo-Asian Ocean(PAO),including Late Silurian, pre-Late Devonian, Early Permian, Late-Permian and Late Permian-Early Triassic.Ophiolites represent fragments of ancient oceanic crust and play an important role in identifying the suture zone and unveiling the evolutionary history of fossil oceans. Our detailed geological, geochemical and geochronological investigations argue for the existence of Early Permian(297 Ma) SSZ type ophiolites in the Sunidyouqi area of central Inner Mongolia, China. The gabbros and basalts show LREE depleted REE patterns and left-leaning primitive mantle-normalized spider diagrams with variable negative Nb-Ta anomalies(Nb~*= 0.24-1.28 and 0.29-0.55, respectively). The Sunidyouqi ophiolites were generated in a mature back-arc basin. The Sunidyouqi ophiolites share the same petrological,geochemical and geochronological characteristics with the other ophiolites along the Solonker suture zone, delineating a Late Paleozoic ocean and arc-trench system. This Late Paleozoic ocean and arc-trench system coincides with a Permian paleobiogeographical boundary, i.e. the boundary between the northern cold climate(Boreal faunal-Angaraland floral realm), and a southern warm climate(Tethys faunal-Cathaysian floral realm). A tectonic scenario was proposed at last for the closure of the SE PAO involving(1) Late Ordovician to Middle Permian continuous southward subduction beneath the northern margin of North China;(2) Carboniferous to Middle Permian continuous northward subduction the forming the Northern Accretionary Orogen;(3) Late Permian final closure of the SE PAO.
Different final closing ages have been proposed for the evolution of the Paleo-Asian Ocean(PAO),including Late Silurian, pre-Late Devonian, Early Permian, Late-Permian and Late Permian-Early Triassic.Ophiolites represent fragments of ancient oceanic crust and play an important role in identifying the suture zone and unveiling the evolutionary history of fossil oceans. Our detailed geological, geochemical and geochronological investigations argue for the existence of Early Permian(297 Ma) SSZ type ophiolites in the Sunidyouqi area of central Inner Mongolia, China. The gabbros and basalts show LREE depleted REE patterns and left-leaning primitive mantle-normalized spider diagrams with variable negative Nb-Ta anomalies(Nb~*= 0.24-1.28 and 0.29-0.55, respectively). The Sunidyouqi ophiolites were generated in a mature back-arc basin. The Sunidyouqi ophiolites share the same petrological,geochemical and geochronological characteristics with the other ophiolites along the Solonker suture zone, delineating a Late Paleozoic ocean and arc-trench system. This Late Paleozoic ocean and arc-trench system coincides with a Permian paleobiogeographical boundary, i.e. the boundary between the northern cold climate(Boreal faunal-Angaraland floral realm), and a southern warm climate(Tethys faunal-Cathaysian floral realm). A tectonic scenario was proposed at last for the closure of the SE PAO involving(1) Late Ordovician to Middle Permian continuous southward subduction beneath the northern margin of North China;(2) Carboniferous to Middle Permian continuous northward subduction the forming the Northern Accretionary Orogen;(3) Late Permian final closure of the SE PAO.
Different final closing ages have been proposed for the evolution of the Paleo-Asian Ocean(PAO),including Late Silurian, pre-Late Devonian, Early Permian, Late-Permian and Late Permian-Early Triassic.Ophiolites represent fragments of ancient oceanic crust and play an important role in identifying the suture zone and unveiling the evolutionary history of fossil oceans. Our detailed geological, geochemical and geochronological investigations argue for the existence of Early Permian(297 Ma) SSZ type ophiolites in the Sunidyouqi area of central Inner Mongolia, China. The gabbros and basalts show LREE depleted REE patterns and left-leaning primitive mantle-normalized spider diagrams with variable negative Nb-Ta anomalies(Nb~*= 0.24-1.28 and 0.29-0.55, respectively). The Sunidyouqi ophiolites were generated in a mature back-arc basin. The Sunidyouqi ophiolites share the same petrological,geochemical and geochronological characteristics with the other ophiolites along the Solonker suture zone, delineating a Late Paleozoic ocean and arc-trench system. This Late Paleozoic ocean and arc-trench system coincides with a Permian paleobiogeographical boundary, i.e. the boundary between the northern cold climate(Boreal faunal-Angaraland floral realm), and a southern warm climate(Tethys faunal-Cathaysian floral realm). A tectonic scenario was proposed at last for the closure of the SE PAO involving(1) Late Ordovician to Middle Permian continuous southward subduction beneath the northern margin of North China;(2) Carboniferous to Middle Permian continuous northward subduction the forming the Northern Accretionary Orogen;(3) Late Permian final closure of the SE PAO.
引文
Chen, B., Jahn, B.M.. Wilde, S., Xu, B., 2000. Two contrasting paleozoic magmatic belts in northern Inner Mongolia. China:petrogenesis and tectonic implications. Tectonophysics 328(1-2), 157-182.
Didenko, A.N., Li, Y.F., Peskov, A.Y., Sun, S.L, Karetnikov, A.S., Zhou, Y.H., 2016.Closure of the Solonker basin:paleomagnetism of the Linxi and Xingfuzhilu formations(Inner Mongolia, China). Russian Journal of Pacific Geology 10(5),317-336.
Dijkstra. A.H., Brouwer, F.M., Cunningham, W.D., Buchan, C., Badarch, G.,Mason, P.R.D., 2006. Late Neoproterozoic proto-arc ocean crust in the Dariv Range, Western Mongolia:a supra-subduction zone end-member ophiolite.Journal of the Geological Society 163, 363-373.
Dilek, Y., Furnes, H., 2011. Ophiolite genesis and global tectonics:geochemical and tectonic fingerprinting of ancient oceanic lithosphere. Geological Society of America Bulletin 123(3-4), 387-411.
Dilek, Y., Fu,mes, H., 2014. Ophiolites and their origins. Elements 10(2), 93-100.
Dilek, Y., Furnes, H., Shallo, M., 2008. Geochemistry of the Jurassic Mirdita Ophiolite(Albania)and the MORB to SSZ evolution of a marginal basin oceanic crust.Lithos 100(1-4), 174-209.
Eizenhofer, P.R., Zhao, G.C., Zhang, J., Han, Y.G., Hou, W.Z., Liu, D.X., Wang. B., 2015.Geochemical characteristics of the Permian basins and their provenances across the Solonker Suture Zone:assessment of net crustal growth during the closure of the Palaeo-Asian Ocean. Lithos 224, 240-255.
Eizenhofer, P.R., Zhao, G.C., Zhang, J., Sun, M., 2014. Final closure of the Paleo-Asian ocean along the Solonker suture zone:constraints from geochronological and geochemical data of permian volcanic and sedimentary rocks. Tectonics 33(4),441-463.
Furnes, H., Dilek, Y., 2017. Geochemical characterization and petrogenesis of intermediate to silicic rocks in ophiolites:a global synthesis. Earth Science Reviews166,1-37.
Fumes, H., Dilek, Y., de Wit. M., 2015. Precambrian greenstone sequences represent different ophiolite types. Gondwana Research 27(2), 649-685.
Hanchar, J.M., Watson, E.B., 2003. Zircon saturation thermometry. Reviews in Mineralogy&Geochemistry 53(1), 89-112.
Hao, B.W., Hou, Z.Q., 2012. Discovery of the early paleozoic boin Sum-ordor Sum island arc in the hadamiao gold ore district, Inner Mongolia and its significance to the evolution of the Paleo-Asian ocean. Acta Geologica Sinica English Edition86(5), 1251-1264.
Huang, B., Fu, D., Li, S.C., Ge, M.C., Zhou, WX., 2016. The age and tectonic implications of the Hegenshan ophiolite in Inner Mongolia. Acta Petrologica Sinica 32(1), 158-176(in Chinese with English abstract).
IMBGMR(Inner Mongolian Bureau of Geology Mineral Resources), 1991. Regional Geology of Inner Mongolia. Geological Publishing House, Beijing,pp.1-725(in Chinese with English abstract).
Jian, P., Kroner, A., Windley, B.F., Shi, Y.R., Zhang, F.Q., Miao, LC., Tomurhuu, D.,Zhang, W., Liu, D.Y., 2010a. Zircon ages of the Bayankhongor ophiolite melange and associated rocks:time constraints on Neoproterozoic to Cambrian accretionary and collisional orogenesis in Central Mongolia. Precambrian Research177(1-2), 162-180.
Jian, P., Liu, D.Y., Kroner, A., Windley, B.F., Shi, Y.R., Zhang, F.Q,, Shi, G.H., Miao, LC.,Zhang, W., Zhang, Q., Zhang, LQ., Ren, J.S., 2008. Time scale of an early to midPaleozoic orogenic cycle of the long-lived Central Asian Orogenic Belt, InnerMongolia of China:implications for continental growth. Lithos 101(3-4),233-259.
Jian, P., Liu, D.Y., Kroner, A., Windley, B.F., Shi, Y.R., Zhang, W., Zhang, F.Q.,Miao, LC.,Zhang, LQ., Tomurhuu, D., 2010b. Evolution of a permian intraoceanic arctrench system in the Solonker suture zone, central Asian orogenic belt, China and Mongolia. Lithos 118(1-2), 169-190.
Jian, P., Liu, D.Y., Kroner, A., Zhang.Q., Wang, Y.Z.. Sun, X.M., Zhang, W., 2009.Devonian to Permian plate tectonic cycle of the Paleo-Tethys Orogen in southwest China(Ⅱ):insights from zircon ages of ophiolites, arc/back-arc assemblages and within-plate igneous rocks and generation of the Emeishan CFB province. Lithos 113(3-4), 767-784.
Khain, E.V., Bibikova, E.V., Kroner, A., Zhuravlev, D.Z., Sklyarov, E., Fedotova, A.A.,Kravchenko-Berezhnoy, I.R., 2002. The most ancient ophiolite of the Central Asian fold belt:U-Pb and Pb-Pb zircon ages for the Dunzhugur Complex,Eastern Sayan, Siberia, and geodynamic implications. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 199(3-4), 311-325.
Kuzmichev. A., Kroner, A., Hegner, E., Liu, D.Y., Wan. Y.S., 2005. The Shishkhid ophiolite, northern Mongolia:a key to the reconstruction of a Neoproterozoic island-arc system in central Asia. Precambrian Research 138(1-2), 125-150.
Le Bas, M.J., Le Maitre, R.W., Streckeisen, A., Zanettin, B., 1986. A chemical classification of volcanic rocks based on the total alkali-silica diagram. Journal of Petrology 27, 745-750.
Li. J.Y., 2006. Permian geodynamic setting of Northeast China and adjacent regions:closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean and subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 26(3-4), 207-224.
Li, Y.L, Zhou, H.W., Brouwer, F.M., Xiao, W.J., Wijbrans, J.R., Zhao, J.H., Zhong, Z.Q.,Liu, H.F., 2014a. Nature and timing of the Solonker suture of the central Asian orogenic belt:insights from geochronology and geochemistry of basic intrusions in the Xilin Gol complex, Inner Mongolia, China. International Journal of Earth Sciences 103(1), 41-60.
Li, Y.L, Zhou, H.W., Brouwer, F.M., Xiao, W.J., Wijbrans, J.R., Zhong, Z.Q., 2014b. Early Paleozoic to Middle Triassic bivergent accretion in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt:insights from zircon U-Pb dating of ductile shear zones in central Inner Mongolia, China. Lithos 205, 84-111.
Li, Y.L, Zhou, H.W., Brouwer, F.M., Xiao, W.J., Zhong, Z.Q., Wijbrans, J.R., 2011. Late carboniferous-middle permian arc/forearc-related basin in central Asian orogenic belt:insights from the petrology and geochemistry of the Shuangjing schist in Inner Mongolia, China. Island Arc 20(4), 535-549.
Luo, Z.W., Xu, B., Shi, G.Z., Zhao, P., Faure, M., Chen,Y., 2016, Solonker ophiolite in Inner Mongolia, China:a late Permian continental margin-type ophiolite. Lithos261, 72-91.
Meschede, M., 1986. A method of discriminating between different types of midocean ridge basalts and continental tholeiites with the Nb~*2-Zr/4-Y diagram.Chemical Geology 56(3-4), 207-218.
Miao, LC., Fan, W.M., Liu, D.Y., Zhang, F.Q., Shi, Y.R., Guo, F., 2008. Geochronology and geochemistry of the Hegenshan ophiolitic complex:implications for latestage tectonic evolution of the Inner Mongolia-Daxinganling Orogenic Belt,China. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 32(5-6), 348-370.
Miyashiro, A., 1974. Volcanic rock series in island arcs and active continental margins. American Journal of Science 274(4), 321-355.
Pearce, J.A., 1975. Basalt geochemistry used to investigate past tectonic environments on Cyprus. Tectonophysics 25, 41-67.
Pearce, J.A., 2014. Immobile element fingerprinting of ophiolites. Elements 10(2),101-108.
Pearce, J.A., Cann, J.R., 1973. Tectonic setting of basic volcanic rocks determined using trace element analyses. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 19,290-300.
Saccani, E., 2015. A new method of discriminating different types of post-Archean ophiolitic basalts and their tectonic significance using Th-Nb and Ce-Dy-Yb systematics. Geoscience Frontiers 6(4), 481-501.
Shang, Q,H., 2004. Occurrences of permian radiolarians in central and eastern Nei Mongol(Inner Mongolia)and their geological significance to the northern China orogen. Chinese Science Bulletin 49(24), 2613-2619.
Shen, S.Z., Zhang, H., Shang, Q.H., Li, W.Z., 2006. Permian stratigraphy and correlation of Northeast China:a review. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 26(3-4),304-326.
Shi, G.H., Liu, D.Y., Zhang, F.Q., Jian, P., Miao, LC., Shi, Y.R., Tao, H., 2003. SHRIMP UPb zircon geochronology and its implications on the Xilin Gol complex, Inner Mongolia, China. Chinese Science Bulletin 48(24), 2742-2748.
Shi, G.Z.. Song, G.Z., Wang, H., Huang, C.Y., Zhang, LD., Tang, J.R., 2016. Late Paleozoic tectonics of the Solonker Zone in the Wuliji area, Inner Mongolia, China:insights from stratigraphic sequence, chronology, and sandstone geochemistry.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 127,100-118.
Sun, S.S., McDonough, W.F., 1989. Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts:implication for mantle composition and process. Geological Society London Special Publications 42(SI), 313-345.
Wang, Y.J., Fan, Z.Y., 1997. Discovery of the Permian radiolarian fossils in the ophiolits north of the Xar Moroan River, Inner Mongolia, and its geological implications. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica 01, 534-546.
Whattam, S.A., Malpas, J., Smith,I.E.M..Ali,J.R, 2006. Link between SSZ ophiolite formation, emplacement and arc inception, Northland, New Zealand:UPbSHRIMP constraints; Cenozoic SW Pacific tectonic implications. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 250(3-4), 606-632.
Wu, F.Y., Sun, D.Y., Li, H.M., Jahn, B.M., Wilde, S., 2002. A-type granites in northeastern China:age and geochemical constraints on their petrogenesis. Chemical Geology 187(1-2), 143-173.
Wu, Y.B., Zheng, Y.F., 2004. Genesis of zircon and its constraints on interpretation of U-Pb age. Chinese Science Bulletin 49(15), 1554-1569.
Xiao, W.J., Windley, B.F., Hao, J., Zhai, M.G., 2003. Accretion leading to collision and the Permian Solonker suture, Inner Mongolia, China:termination of the central Asian orogenic belt Tectonics 22(6). https://doi.org/10.1029/2002TC001484.
Xu, B., Charvet,J., Chen, Y., Zhao, P., Shi, G.Z., 2013. Middle Paleozoic convergent orogenic belts in western Inner Mongolia(China):framework, kinematics,geochronology and implications for tectonic evolution of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt Gondwana Research 23(4), 1342-1364.
Yang, J.F., Zhang, Z.C, Chen, Y., Yu, H.F., Qian, X.Y., 2017. Ages and origin of felsic rocks from the eastern Erenhot ophiolitic complex, southeastern central Asian orogenic belt, Inner Mongolia China. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 144.126-140.
Zhang, J.R., Wei, C.J., Chu, H., Chen, Y.P., 2016. Mesozoic metamorphism and its tectonic implication along the Solonker suture zone in central Inner Mongolia,China. Lithos 261, 262-277.
Zhang, Q,, Wang, C.Y., Liu, D., Jian, P., Qian, Q., Zhou, G.Q,, Robinson, P.T., 2008. A brief review of ophiolites in China. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 32(5-6), 308-324.
Zhang, S.H.. Gao, R., Li, H.Y., Hou, H.S., Wu, H.C., Li, Q.S., Yang, K., Li, C, Li, W.H.,Zhang, J.S., Yang, T.S., Keller, G.R., Liu, M., 2014. Crustal structures revealed froma deep seismic reflection profile across the Solonker suture zone of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt, northern China:an integrated interpretation. Tectonophysics 612, 26-39.
Zhang, W., Jian, P., Kroner, A., Shi, Y.R., 2013. Magmatic and metamorphic development of an early to mid-Paleozoic continental margin arc in the southernmost Central Asian Orogenic Belt, Inner Mongolia, China. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 72, 63-74.
Zhang, Z.C, Li, K., Li, J.F., Tang, W.H., Chen, Y., Luo, Z.W., 2015. Geochronology and geochemistry of the eastern Erenhot ophiolitic complex:implications for the tectonic evolution of the Inner Mongolia-Daxinganling orogenic belt Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 97, 279-293.
Zhao, P, Chen, Y., Xu, B., Faure, M., Shi, G.Z., Choulet, F., 2013. Did the Paleo-Asian ocean between north China block and Mongolia block exist during the late Paleozoic? First paleomagnetic evidence from central-eastern Inner Mongolia,China. Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth 118(5), 1873-1894.
Zheng, R.G., Wu, T.R., Zhang, W., Xu, C., Meng, Q,P., Zhang, Z.Y., 2014. Late Paleozoic subduction system in the northern margin of the Alxa block, Altaids:geochronological and geochemical evidences from ophiolites. Gondwana Research 25(2), 842-858.
Didenko, A.N., Li, Y.F., Peskov, A.Y., Sun, S.L, Karetnikov, A.S., Zhou, Y.H., 2016.Closure of the Solonker basin:paleomagnetism of the Linxi and Xingfuzhilu formations(Inner Mongolia, China). Russian Journal of Pacific Geology 10(5),317-336.
Dijkstra. A.H., Brouwer, F.M., Cunningham, W.D., Buchan, C., Badarch, G.,Mason, P.R.D., 2006. Late Neoproterozoic proto-arc ocean crust in the Dariv Range, Western Mongolia:a supra-subduction zone end-member ophiolite.Journal of the Geological Society 163, 363-373.
Dilek, Y., Furnes, H., 2011. Ophiolite genesis and global tectonics:geochemical and tectonic fingerprinting of ancient oceanic lithosphere. Geological Society of America Bulletin 123(3-4), 387-411.
Dilek, Y., Fu,mes, H., 2014. Ophiolites and their origins. Elements 10(2), 93-100.
Dilek, Y., Furnes, H., Shallo, M., 2008. Geochemistry of the Jurassic Mirdita Ophiolite(Albania)and the MORB to SSZ evolution of a marginal basin oceanic crust.Lithos 100(1-4), 174-209.
Eizenhofer, P.R., Zhao, G.C., Zhang, J., Han, Y.G., Hou, W.Z., Liu, D.X., Wang. B., 2015.Geochemical characteristics of the Permian basins and their provenances across the Solonker Suture Zone:assessment of net crustal growth during the closure of the Palaeo-Asian Ocean. Lithos 224, 240-255.
Eizenhofer, P.R., Zhao, G.C., Zhang, J., Sun, M., 2014. Final closure of the Paleo-Asian ocean along the Solonker suture zone:constraints from geochronological and geochemical data of permian volcanic and sedimentary rocks. Tectonics 33(4),441-463.
Furnes, H., Dilek, Y., 2017. Geochemical characterization and petrogenesis of intermediate to silicic rocks in ophiolites:a global synthesis. Earth Science Reviews166,1-37.
Fumes, H., Dilek, Y., de Wit. M., 2015. Precambrian greenstone sequences represent different ophiolite types. Gondwana Research 27(2), 649-685.
Hanchar, J.M., Watson, E.B., 2003. Zircon saturation thermometry. Reviews in Mineralogy&Geochemistry 53(1), 89-112.
Hao, B.W., Hou, Z.Q., 2012. Discovery of the early paleozoic boin Sum-ordor Sum island arc in the hadamiao gold ore district, Inner Mongolia and its significance to the evolution of the Paleo-Asian ocean. Acta Geologica Sinica English Edition86(5), 1251-1264.
Huang, B., Fu, D., Li, S.C., Ge, M.C., Zhou, WX., 2016. The age and tectonic implications of the Hegenshan ophiolite in Inner Mongolia. Acta Petrologica Sinica 32(1), 158-176(in Chinese with English abstract).
IMBGMR(Inner Mongolian Bureau of Geology Mineral Resources), 1991. Regional Geology of Inner Mongolia. Geological Publishing House, Beijing,pp.1-725(in Chinese with English abstract).
Jian, P., Kroner, A., Windley, B.F., Shi, Y.R., Zhang, F.Q., Miao, LC., Tomurhuu, D.,Zhang, W., Liu, D.Y., 2010a. Zircon ages of the Bayankhongor ophiolite melange and associated rocks:time constraints on Neoproterozoic to Cambrian accretionary and collisional orogenesis in Central Mongolia. Precambrian Research177(1-2), 162-180.
Jian, P., Liu, D.Y., Kroner, A., Windley, B.F., Shi, Y.R., Zhang, F.Q,, Shi, G.H., Miao, LC.,Zhang, W., Zhang, Q., Zhang, LQ., Ren, J.S., 2008. Time scale of an early to midPaleozoic orogenic cycle of the long-lived Central Asian Orogenic Belt, InnerMongolia of China:implications for continental growth. Lithos 101(3-4),233-259.
Jian, P., Liu, D.Y., Kroner, A., Windley, B.F., Shi, Y.R., Zhang, W., Zhang, F.Q.,Miao, LC.,Zhang, LQ., Tomurhuu, D., 2010b. Evolution of a permian intraoceanic arctrench system in the Solonker suture zone, central Asian orogenic belt, China and Mongolia. Lithos 118(1-2), 169-190.
Jian, P., Liu, D.Y., Kroner, A., Zhang.Q., Wang, Y.Z.. Sun, X.M., Zhang, W., 2009.Devonian to Permian plate tectonic cycle of the Paleo-Tethys Orogen in southwest China(Ⅱ):insights from zircon ages of ophiolites, arc/back-arc assemblages and within-plate igneous rocks and generation of the Emeishan CFB province. Lithos 113(3-4), 767-784.
Khain, E.V., Bibikova, E.V., Kroner, A., Zhuravlev, D.Z., Sklyarov, E., Fedotova, A.A.,Kravchenko-Berezhnoy, I.R., 2002. The most ancient ophiolite of the Central Asian fold belt:U-Pb and Pb-Pb zircon ages for the Dunzhugur Complex,Eastern Sayan, Siberia, and geodynamic implications. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 199(3-4), 311-325.
Kuzmichev. A., Kroner, A., Hegner, E., Liu, D.Y., Wan. Y.S., 2005. The Shishkhid ophiolite, northern Mongolia:a key to the reconstruction of a Neoproterozoic island-arc system in central Asia. Precambrian Research 138(1-2), 125-150.
Le Bas, M.J., Le Maitre, R.W., Streckeisen, A., Zanettin, B., 1986. A chemical classification of volcanic rocks based on the total alkali-silica diagram. Journal of Petrology 27, 745-750.
Li. J.Y., 2006. Permian geodynamic setting of Northeast China and adjacent regions:closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean and subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 26(3-4), 207-224.
Li, Y.L, Zhou, H.W., Brouwer, F.M., Xiao, W.J., Wijbrans, J.R., Zhao, J.H., Zhong, Z.Q.,Liu, H.F., 2014a. Nature and timing of the Solonker suture of the central Asian orogenic belt:insights from geochronology and geochemistry of basic intrusions in the Xilin Gol complex, Inner Mongolia, China. International Journal of Earth Sciences 103(1), 41-60.
Li, Y.L, Zhou, H.W., Brouwer, F.M., Xiao, W.J., Wijbrans, J.R., Zhong, Z.Q., 2014b. Early Paleozoic to Middle Triassic bivergent accretion in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt:insights from zircon U-Pb dating of ductile shear zones in central Inner Mongolia, China. Lithos 205, 84-111.
Li, Y.L, Zhou, H.W., Brouwer, F.M., Xiao, W.J., Zhong, Z.Q., Wijbrans, J.R., 2011. Late carboniferous-middle permian arc/forearc-related basin in central Asian orogenic belt:insights from the petrology and geochemistry of the Shuangjing schist in Inner Mongolia, China. Island Arc 20(4), 535-549.
Luo, Z.W., Xu, B., Shi, G.Z., Zhao, P., Faure, M., Chen,Y., 2016, Solonker ophiolite in Inner Mongolia, China:a late Permian continental margin-type ophiolite. Lithos261, 72-91.
Meschede, M., 1986. A method of discriminating between different types of midocean ridge basalts and continental tholeiites with the Nb~*2-Zr/4-Y diagram.Chemical Geology 56(3-4), 207-218.
Miao, LC., Fan, W.M., Liu, D.Y., Zhang, F.Q., Shi, Y.R., Guo, F., 2008. Geochronology and geochemistry of the Hegenshan ophiolitic complex:implications for latestage tectonic evolution of the Inner Mongolia-Daxinganling Orogenic Belt,China. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 32(5-6), 348-370.
Miyashiro, A., 1974. Volcanic rock series in island arcs and active continental margins. American Journal of Science 274(4), 321-355.
Pearce, J.A., 1975. Basalt geochemistry used to investigate past tectonic environments on Cyprus. Tectonophysics 25, 41-67.
Pearce, J.A., 2014. Immobile element fingerprinting of ophiolites. Elements 10(2),101-108.
Pearce, J.A., Cann, J.R., 1973. Tectonic setting of basic volcanic rocks determined using trace element analyses. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 19,290-300.
Saccani, E., 2015. A new method of discriminating different types of post-Archean ophiolitic basalts and their tectonic significance using Th-Nb and Ce-Dy-Yb systematics. Geoscience Frontiers 6(4), 481-501.
Shang, Q,H., 2004. Occurrences of permian radiolarians in central and eastern Nei Mongol(Inner Mongolia)and their geological significance to the northern China orogen. Chinese Science Bulletin 49(24), 2613-2619.
Shen, S.Z., Zhang, H., Shang, Q.H., Li, W.Z., 2006. Permian stratigraphy and correlation of Northeast China:a review. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 26(3-4),304-326.
Shi, G.H., Liu, D.Y., Zhang, F.Q., Jian, P., Miao, LC., Shi, Y.R., Tao, H., 2003. SHRIMP UPb zircon geochronology and its implications on the Xilin Gol complex, Inner Mongolia, China. Chinese Science Bulletin 48(24), 2742-2748.
Shi, G.Z.. Song, G.Z., Wang, H., Huang, C.Y., Zhang, LD., Tang, J.R., 2016. Late Paleozoic tectonics of the Solonker Zone in the Wuliji area, Inner Mongolia, China:insights from stratigraphic sequence, chronology, and sandstone geochemistry.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 127,100-118.
Sun, S.S., McDonough, W.F., 1989. Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts:implication for mantle composition and process. Geological Society London Special Publications 42(SI), 313-345.
Wang, Y.J., Fan, Z.Y., 1997. Discovery of the Permian radiolarian fossils in the ophiolits north of the Xar Moroan River, Inner Mongolia, and its geological implications. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica 01, 534-546.
Whattam, S.A., Malpas, J., Smith,I.E.M..Ali,J.R, 2006. Link between SSZ ophiolite formation, emplacement and arc inception, Northland, New Zealand:UPbSHRIMP constraints; Cenozoic SW Pacific tectonic implications. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 250(3-4), 606-632.
Wu, F.Y., Sun, D.Y., Li, H.M., Jahn, B.M., Wilde, S., 2002. A-type granites in northeastern China:age and geochemical constraints on their petrogenesis. Chemical Geology 187(1-2), 143-173.
Wu, Y.B., Zheng, Y.F., 2004. Genesis of zircon and its constraints on interpretation of U-Pb age. Chinese Science Bulletin 49(15), 1554-1569.
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