A major pathway for carbon and nitrogen losses-Gas emissions during storage of solid pig manure in China
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摘要
This study investigated the carbon(C) and nitrogen(N) gas emissions(N_2O,NH_3,CO_2 and CH_4) from solid pig manure management in China.Gas emissions were quantified from static piles over 60 days during summer in China's Yangtze River Basin,using Drager-Tube and static chamber-gas chromatography techniques.High emissions of NH_3 and N_2 O were observed at the early stage of storage,but high emission of CH_4 occured later during storage.Overall,62% of the total C in the original pile was lost; CO_2 and CH_4 emissions accounted for 57 and 0.2% of C lost respectively.Over the same time,41% of the total N in the original pile was lost; NH_3 and N_2 O emissions accounted for 15 and 0.3% of N lost respectively.The volatilization of NH_3 during storage in summer was 4.56 g NH_3 per kg dry weight.The total greenhouse gas(GHG) emissions during storage accounted for 67.93 g CO_2 equivalent per kg dry weight; N_2 O and CH_4 contributed to 46 and 55% of total GHG emissions respectively.Given China's major role in pig production,further attention should given to pig manure management to mitigate its contribution to atmospheric pollution.
This study investigated the carbon(C) and nitrogen(N) gas emissions(N_2O,NH_3,CO_2 and CH_4) from solid pig manure management in China.Gas emissions were quantified from static piles over 60 days during summer in China's Yangtze River Basin,using Drager-Tube and static chamber-gas chromatography techniques.High emissions of NH_3 and N_2 O were observed at the early stage of storage,but high emission of CH_4 occured later during storage.Overall,62% of the total C in the original pile was lost; CO_2 and CH_4 emissions accounted for 57 and 0.2% of C lost respectively.Over the same time,41% of the total N in the original pile was lost; NH_3 and N_2 O emissions accounted for 15 and 0.3% of N lost respectively.The volatilization of NH_3 during storage in summer was 4.56 g NH_3 per kg dry weight.The total greenhouse gas(GHG) emissions during storage accounted for 67.93 g CO_2 equivalent per kg dry weight; N_2 O and CH_4 contributed to 46 and 55% of total GHG emissions respectively.Given China's major role in pig production,further attention should given to pig manure management to mitigate its contribution to atmospheric pollution.
This study investigated the carbon(C) and nitrogen(N) gas emissions(N_2O,NH_3,CO_2 and CH_4) from solid pig manure management in China.Gas emissions were quantified from static piles over 60 days during summer in China's Yangtze River Basin,using Drager-Tube and static chamber-gas chromatography techniques.High emissions of NH_3 and N_2 O were observed at the early stage of storage,but high emission of CH_4 occured later during storage.Overall,62% of the total C in the original pile was lost; CO_2 and CH_4 emissions accounted for 57 and 0.2% of C lost respectively.Over the same time,41% of the total N in the original pile was lost; NH_3 and N_2 O emissions accounted for 15 and 0.3% of N lost respectively.The volatilization of NH_3 during storage in summer was 4.56 g NH_3 per kg dry weight.The total greenhouse gas(GHG) emissions during storage accounted for 67.93 g CO_2 equivalent per kg dry weight; N_2 O and CH_4 contributed to 46 and 55% of total GHG emissions respectively.Given China's major role in pig production,further attention should given to pig manure management to mitigate its contribution to atmospheric pollution.
引文
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Chang Q X,Wei Y S,Liu J X.2007.Changes of nitrogen and phosphorus in animalmanure composting with different aeration control modes.Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,27,732-738.
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Ding G Q,Han S H,Yuan Y L,Luo L,Wang L G,Li H,Li P.2014.Emissions of NH3,N2O,and NO from swine manure solid storage in winter.Environmental Science,35,2807-2815.(in Chinese)
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Fukumoto Y,Osada T,Hanajima D,Haga K.2003.Patterns and quantities of NH3,N2O and CH4 emissions during swine manure composting without forced aeration-effect of compost pile scale.Bioresource Technology,89,109-114.
GB/T 28740-2012.2012.Equipment of compost treatment and utilization for manure of poultry and livestock.Standardization Administration of China.pp.1-16.
Gioelli F,Dinuccio E,Balsari P.2011.Residual biogas potential from the storage tanks of non-separated digestate and digested liquid fraction.Bioresource Technology,102,10248-10251.
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Hao X Y,Chang C,Larney F J.2004.Carbon,nitrogen balances and greenhouse gas emission during cattle feedlot manure composting.Journal of Environmental Quality,33,37-44.
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Jiang T,Schuchardt F,Li G X,Guo R,Luo Y M.2013.Gaseous emission during the composting of pig feces from Chinese Ganqinfen system.Chemosphere,90,1545-1551.
Jiang T,Schuchardt F,Li G X,Guo R,Zhao Y Q.2011.Effect of C/N ratio,aeration rate and moisture content on ammonia and greenhouse gas emission during the composting.Journal of Environmental Sciences,23,1754-1760.
Li X J,Li L Q,Zheng M X,Fu G Z,Lar J S.2009.Anaerobic co-digestion of cattle manure with corn stover pretreated by sodium hydroxide for efficient biogas production.Energy&Fuels,23,4635-4639.
Li Y Y,Li Y,Zhang D F,Li G X,Lu J X,Li S Y.2016.Solid state anaerobic co-digestion of tomato residues with dairy manure and corn stover for biogas production.Bioresource Technology,217,50-55.
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Lu R D,Li Y E,Wan Y F,Qin X B.2008b.Effect of temperature on emission of greenhouse gases from cow manure.Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,24,29-31.(in Chinese)
Maeda K,Toyoda S,Shimojima R,Osada T,Hanajima D,Morioka R,Yoshida N.2010.Source of nitrous oxide emissions during the cow manure composting process as revealed by isotopomer analysis of and amoA abundance in betaproteobacterial ammonia-oxidizing bacteria.Applied and Environmental Microbiology,76,1555-1562.
Menardo S,Gioelli F,Balsari P.2011.The methane yield of digestate:Effect of organic loading rate,hydraulic retention time,and plant feeding.Bioresource Technology,102,2348-2351.
Meng C,Li Y Y,Xu X G,Gao R,Wang Y,Zhang M Y,Wu JS.2013.A case study on non-point source pollution and environmental carrying capacity of animal raising industry in subtropical watershed.Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,33,635-643.(in Chinese)
Pacholski A,Cai G X,Fan X H,Ding H,Chen D L,Nieder R,Roelcke M.2008.Comparison of different methods for the measurement of ammonia volatilization after urea application in Henan Province,China.Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science,171,361-369.
Pacholski A,Cai G X,Nieder R,Richter J,Fan X H,Zhu ZL,Roelcke M.2006.Calibration of a simple method for determining ammonia volatilization in the field-comparative measurements in Henan Province,China.Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems,74,259-273.
Pang Y Z,Liu Y P,Li X J,Wang K S,Yuan H R.2008.Improving biodegradability and biogas production of corn stover through sodium hydroxide solid state sretreatment.Energy&Fuels,22,2761-2766.
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Poulsen T G.2013.Oxygen and carbon dioxide distribution and movement in passively aerated compost piles.Compost Science and Utilization,19,25-32.
Roelcke M,Li S X,Tian X H,Gao Y J,Richter J.2002.In situ comparisons of ammonia volatilization from N fertilizers in Chinese loess soils.Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems,62,73-88.
Sommer S G,M?ller H B.2000.Emission of greenhouse gases during composting of deep litter from pig production-effect of straw content.Journal of Agricultural Science,134,327-335.
Sommer S G,Petersen S O,S?rensen P,Poulsen H D,M?ller H B.2007.Methane and carbon dioxide emissions and nitrogen turnover during liquid manure storage.Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems,78,27-36.
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Wang K,Zheng X H,Pihlatie M,Vesala T,Liu C Y,Haapanala S,Mammarella I,Rannikü,Liu H.2013.Comparison between static chamber and tunable diode laser-based eddy covariance techniques for measuring nitrous oxide fluxes from a cotton field.Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,171-172,9-19.
Wang Y,Dong H,Zhu Z P,Li T,Mei K,Xin H.2014.Ammonia and greenhouse gas emissions from biogas digester effluent stored at different depths.Transactions of the ASABE,57,1483-1491.
Wang Y S,Wang Y H.2003.Quick measurement of CH4,CO2and N2O emissions from a short-plant ecosystem.Advances in Atmospheric Sciences,20,842-844.
Wolter M,Prayitno S,Schuchardt F.2004.Greenhouse gas emission during storage of pig manure on a pilot scale.Bioresource Technology,95,235-244.
Xie J F,Li Y E,Dong H M,Huang H K,Yu Q.2003.Influence of different factors on greenhouse gas emissions in composting of layer-hen manure with closed composting bins.Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,19,192-195.(in Chinese)
Xu F Q,Li Y B.2012.Solid-state co-digestion of expired dog food and corn stover for methane production.Bioresource Technology,118,219-226.
Yang F,Li G X,Shi H,Wang Y M.2015.Effects of phosphogypsum and superphosphate on compost maturity and gaseous emissions during kitchen waste composting.Waste Management,36,70-76.
Yang Y,Wei Y S,Liu J X.2009.Impacts of different aeration modes on nutrients conservation during swine manure composting with magnesium salt addition.Environmental Science,30,1238-1243.
Ye Z,Zhu S,Kai P,Li B,Blanes-Vidal V,Pan J,Wang C,Zhang G.2011.Key factors driving ammonia emissions from a pig house slurry pit.Biosystems Engineering,108,195-203.
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Angnes G,Nicoloso R S,da Silva M L B,de Oliveira P A,Higarashi M M,Mezzari M P,Miller P R.2013.Correlating denitrifying catabolic genes with N2O and N2 emissions from swine slurry composting.Bioresource Technology,140,368-375.
Aulinas-MasóM,Bonmatí-Blasi A.2008.Evaluation of composting as a strategy for managing organic wastes from a municipal market in Nicaragua.Bioresource Technology,99,5120-5124.
Azam F,Müller C,Weiske A,Benckiser G,Ottow J.2000.Nitrification and denitrification as sources of atmospheric nitrous oxide-role of oxidizable carbon and applied nitrogen.Biology and Fertility of Soils,35,54-61.
Beck-Friis B,Sm?rs S,J?nsson H,Kirchmann H.2001.SE-structures and environment:Gaseous emissions of carbon dioxide,ammonia and nitrous oxide from organic household waste in a compost reactor under different temperature regimes.Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research,78,423-430.
Chadwick D,Jia W,Tong Y A,Yu G H,Shen Q R,Chen Q.2015.Improving manure nutrient management towards sustainable agricultural intensification in China.Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,209,34-46.
Chang Q X,Wei Y S,Liu J X.2007.Changes of nitrogen and phosphorus in animalmanure composting with different aeration control modes.Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,27,732-738.
Chen R R,Wang Y M,Hu J L,Lin X G.2012.Methane emission and mitigation strategies in animal manure management system.Acta Pedologica Sinica,49,815-823.(in Chinese)
Clemens J,Trimborn M,Weiland P,Amon B.2006.Mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions by anaerobic digestion of cattle slurry.Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,112,171-177.
Ding G Q,Han S H,Yuan Y L,Luo L,Wang L G,Li H,Li P.2014.Emissions of NH3,N2O,and NO from swine manure solid storage in winter.Environmental Science,35,2807-2815.(in Chinese)
Dr?gerwerk A.1994.Dr?ger-Tube Handbook:Soil,Water and Air Investigations as Well as Technical Gas Analysis.9th ed.Dr?gerwerk Aktiengesellschaft,Lübeck,Germany.
Eklind Y,Kirchmann H.2000.Composting and storage of organic household waste with different litter amendments.II:nitrogen turnover and losses.Bioresource Technology,74,125-133.
Eklind Y,Sundberg C,Sm?rs S,Steger K,Sundh I,Kirchmann H,J?nsson H.2007.Carbon turnover and ammonia emissions during composting of biowaste at different temperatures.Journal of Environment Quality,36,1512-1520.
El Kader N A E,Robin P,Paillat J M,Leterme P.2007.Turning,compacting and the addition of water as factors affecting gaseous emissions in farm manure composting.Bioresource Technology,98,2619-2628.
Ermolaev E,Sundberg C,Pell M,J?nsson H.2014.Greenhouse gas emissions from home composting in practice.Bioresource Technology,151,174-182.
FAO(Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations).2016.FAOSTAT of Live Animal Production.Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations,Rome,Italy.
Feilberg A,Sommer S G.2013.Ammonia and malodorous gases:Sources and abatement technologies.In:Sommer S G,Christensen M L,Schmidt T,Jensen L S,eds.,Animal Manure Recycling:Treatment and Management.John Wiley&Sons,Chichester,the United Kingdom.
Fukumoto Y,Osada T,Hanajima D,Haga K.2003.Patterns and quantities of NH3,N2O and CH4 emissions during swine manure composting without forced aeration-effect of compost pile scale.Bioresource Technology,89,109-114.
GB/T 28740-2012.2012.Equipment of compost treatment and utilization for manure of poultry and livestock.Standardization Administration of China.pp.1-16.
Gioelli F,Dinuccio E,Balsari P.2011.Residual biogas potential from the storage tanks of non-separated digestate and digested liquid fraction.Bioresource Technology,102,10248-10251.
Hadas A,Kautsky L,Portnoy R.1996.Mineralization of composted manure and microbial dynamics in soil as affected by long-term nitrogen management.Soil Biological Biochemistry,28,733-738.
Hao X,Benke M,Larney F J,McAllister T A.2011.Greenhouse gas emissions when composting manure from cattle fed wheat dried distillers’grains with solubles.Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems,89,105-114.
Hao X Y,Chang C,Larney F J.2004.Carbon,nitrogen balances and greenhouse gas emission during cattle feedlot manure composting.Journal of Environmental Quality,33,37-44.
Hao X Y,Chang C,Larney F J,Travis G R.2001.Greenhouse gas emissions during cattle feedlot manure composting.Journal of Environment Quality,30,376-386.
Hellmann B,Zelles L,Palojarvi A,Bai Q.1997.Emission of climate-relevant trace gases and succession of microbial communities during open-windrow composting.Applied and Environmental Microbiology,63,1011-1018.
Holly M A,Larson R A,Powell J M,Ruark M D,Aguirre-Villegas H.2017.Greenhouse gas and ammonia emissions from digested and separated dairy manure during storage and after land application.Agriculture Ecosystems&Environment,239,410-419.
Hwang S,Hanaki K.2000.Effects of oxygen concentration and moisture content of refuse on nitrification,denitrification and nitrous oxide production.Bioresource Technology,71,159-165.
IPCC(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change).2014.Climate Change 2014:Mitigation of Climate Change Working Group III.Contribution to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.Cambridge University Press,Cambridge,United Kingdom and New York,USA.
Jiang T,Schuchardt F,Li G X,Guo R,Luo Y M.2013.Gaseous emission during the composting of pig feces from Chinese Ganqinfen system.Chemosphere,90,1545-1551.
Jiang T,Schuchardt F,Li G X,Guo R,Zhao Y Q.2011.Effect of C/N ratio,aeration rate and moisture content on ammonia and greenhouse gas emission during the composting.Journal of Environmental Sciences,23,1754-1760.
Li X J,Li L Q,Zheng M X,Fu G Z,Lar J S.2009.Anaerobic co-digestion of cattle manure with corn stover pretreated by sodium hydroxide for efficient biogas production.Energy&Fuels,23,4635-4639.
Li Y Y,Li Y,Zhang D F,Li G X,Lu J X,Li S Y.2016.Solid state anaerobic co-digestion of tomato residues with dairy manure and corn stover for biogas production.Bioresource Technology,217,50-55.
Lu R D,Li Y E,Shi F,Wan Y F.2008a.Effect of compost on the greenhouse gases emission from dairy manure.Journal of Agro-Environmenal Science,27,1235-1241.(in Chinese)
Lu R D,Li Y E,Wan Y F,Qin X B.2008b.Effect of temperature on emission of greenhouse gases from cow manure.Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,24,29-31.(in Chinese)
Maeda K,Toyoda S,Shimojima R,Osada T,Hanajima D,Morioka R,Yoshida N.2010.Source of nitrous oxide emissions during the cow manure composting process as revealed by isotopomer analysis of and amoA abundance in betaproteobacterial ammonia-oxidizing bacteria.Applied and Environmental Microbiology,76,1555-1562.
Menardo S,Gioelli F,Balsari P.2011.The methane yield of digestate:Effect of organic loading rate,hydraulic retention time,and plant feeding.Bioresource Technology,102,2348-2351.
Meng C,Li Y Y,Xu X G,Gao R,Wang Y,Zhang M Y,Wu JS.2013.A case study on non-point source pollution and environmental carrying capacity of animal raising industry in subtropical watershed.Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,33,635-643.(in Chinese)
Pacholski A,Cai G X,Fan X H,Ding H,Chen D L,Nieder R,Roelcke M.2008.Comparison of different methods for the measurement of ammonia volatilization after urea application in Henan Province,China.Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science,171,361-369.
Pacholski A,Cai G X,Nieder R,Richter J,Fan X H,Zhu ZL,Roelcke M.2006.Calibration of a simple method for determining ammonia volatilization in the field-comparative measurements in Henan Province,China.Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems,74,259-273.
Pang Y Z,Liu Y P,Li X J,Wang K S,Yuan H R.2008.Improving biodegradability and biogas production of corn stover through sodium hydroxide solid state sretreatment.Energy&Fuels,22,2761-2766.
Parkin T B,Venterea R T.2010.USDA-ARS GRACEnet project protocols chapter 3.Chamber-based trace gas flux measurements.[2018-04-05].http://ncaur.usda.gov
Petersen S O,Lind A M,Sommer S G.1998.Nitrogen and organic matter losses during storage of cattle and pig manure.Journal of Environmental Quality,130,69-79.
Poulsen T G.2013.Oxygen and carbon dioxide distribution and movement in passively aerated compost piles.Compost Science and Utilization,19,25-32.
Roelcke M,Li S X,Tian X H,Gao Y J,Richter J.2002.In situ comparisons of ammonia volatilization from N fertilizers in Chinese loess soils.Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems,62,73-88.
Sommer S G,M?ller H B.2000.Emission of greenhouse gases during composting of deep litter from pig production-effect of straw content.Journal of Agricultural Science,134,327-335.
Sommer S G,Petersen S O,S?rensen P,Poulsen H D,M?ller H B.2007.Methane and carbon dioxide emissions and nitrogen turnover during liquid manure storage.Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems,78,27-36.
Szanto G L,Hamelers H V M,Rulkens W H,Veeken A HM.2007.NH3,N2O and CH4 emissions during passively aerated composting of straw-rich pig manure.Bioresource Technology,98,2659-2670.
Thompson W H,Leege P B,Millner P D,Watson M E.2002.Test Methods for the Examination of Composting and Compost.Composting Council Research and Education Foundation,the United States of American.
Wang F H,Ma W Q,Dou Z X,Ma L,Liu X L,Xu J X,Zhang F S.2006.The estimation of the production amount of animal manure and its environmental effect in China.China Environmental Science,26,614-617.(in Chinese)
Wang K,Zheng X H,Pihlatie M,Vesala T,Liu C Y,Haapanala S,Mammarella I,Rannikü,Liu H.2013.Comparison between static chamber and tunable diode laser-based eddy covariance techniques for measuring nitrous oxide fluxes from a cotton field.Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,171-172,9-19.
Wang Y,Dong H,Zhu Z P,Li T,Mei K,Xin H.2014.Ammonia and greenhouse gas emissions from biogas digester effluent stored at different depths.Transactions of the ASABE,57,1483-1491.
Wang Y S,Wang Y H.2003.Quick measurement of CH4,CO2and N2O emissions from a short-plant ecosystem.Advances in Atmospheric Sciences,20,842-844.
Wolter M,Prayitno S,Schuchardt F.2004.Greenhouse gas emission during storage of pig manure on a pilot scale.Bioresource Technology,95,235-244.
Xie J F,Li Y E,Dong H M,Huang H K,Yu Q.2003.Influence of different factors on greenhouse gas emissions in composting of layer-hen manure with closed composting bins.Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,19,192-195.(in Chinese)
Xu F Q,Li Y B.2012.Solid-state co-digestion of expired dog food and corn stover for methane production.Bioresource Technology,118,219-226.
Yang F,Li G X,Shi H,Wang Y M.2015.Effects of phosphogypsum and superphosphate on compost maturity and gaseous emissions during kitchen waste composting.Waste Management,36,70-76.
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