土石坝坝坡模型振动台破坏试验的数值验证
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摘要
在土石坝坝坡模型振动台破坏试验基础上,采用数值分析方法,对坝坡的动力特性、稳定性以及加筋抗震措施的性能进行研究。采用动力弹塑性分析方法,对坝坡模型振动台试验进行数值仿真,通过类比计算工况,比较、分析坝坡的破坏过程及其破坏性态以及永久位移的变化规律;同时,采用拟静力方法对坝坡的稳定性进行分析,通过设定滑裂面参数,比较滑裂面的深浅,分析加筋对坝坡稳定性的影响,并与试验结果进行对比验证。结果表明:对模型进行的数值模拟和模型试验所得到的结果较为一致,表明坝顶是薄弱部分,破坏首先从坝顶附近开始,减缓坝坡或坝坡加筋均可减小坝坡的永久位移,但加筋能提高坝坡的整体稳定性,能有效控制坝坡的浅层滑动,且不增加大坝填筑量,与缓坡比较有较强的优势。该研究结果可为大坝的加筋抗震措施设计提供依据。
The seismic stability of earth-rock dam is studied through shaking table test and numerical simulation.The dynamic behavior,failure mode,stability and reinforced performance of the soil dam slope during earthquakes are discussed.An elastoplastic analytical method is applied to simulating and analyzing the dynamic failure process of soil dam slope under earthquake.The permanent displacements of earth-rock dam in different cases are studied.In addition,the stability of dam slope,the depth of slip surface and the effectiveness of reinforcement are investigated by using the quasi-static method.The comparison between the calculated results and results obtained from shaking table tests shows that they are close and definitely verified each other.The study also shows that the top of dam is the vulnerable part;and cracks normally appear near this part under earthquake.The reinforcement and the gentle slope also can decrease the permanent displacement of dam slope.The reinforcement can obviously enhance the overall stability of dam without increasing the volume of the soil dam.The reinforcement has more advantages than the gentle slope.These studies provide basis for the design of the seismic measures of dam.
The seismic stability of earth-rock dam is studied through shaking table test and numerical simulation.The dynamic behavior,failure mode,stability and reinforced performance of the soil dam slope during earthquakes are discussed.An elastoplastic analytical method is applied to simulating and analyzing the dynamic failure process of soil dam slope under earthquake.The permanent displacements of earth-rock dam in different cases are studied.In addition,the stability of dam slope,the depth of slip surface and the effectiveness of reinforcement are investigated by using the quasi-static method.The comparison between the calculated results and results obtained from shaking table tests shows that they are close and definitely verified each other.The study also shows that the top of dam is the vulnerable part;and cracks normally appear near this part under earthquake.The reinforcement and the gentle slope also can decrease the permanent displacement of dam slope.The reinforcement can obviously enhance the overall stability of dam without increasing the volume of the soil dam.The reinforcement has more advantages than the gentle slope.These studies provide basis for the design of the seismic measures of dam.
引文
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[9]彭文斌.FLAC3D实用教程[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2008.(PENG Wenbin.Practical tutorial of FLAC3D[M].Beijing:Machinery Industry Press,2008.(in Chinese))
[10]陈育民,徐鼎平.FLAC/FLAC3D基础与工程实例[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2009.(CHEN Yumin,XU Dingping.Foundation and project of FLAC/FLAC3D[M].Beijing:China Water Power Press,2009.(in Chinese))
[11]刘波,韩彦辉.FLAC原理、实例与应用指南[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2005.(LIU Bo,HAN Yanhui.FLAC principles,examples and application[M].Beijing:China Communications Press,2005.(in Chinese))
[12]刘莹光,孔宪京,邹德高.高土石坝加筋抗震措施的快速拉格朗日差分分析[C]//第15届全国结构工程学术会议论文集.[S.l.]:[s.n.],2006:432-436.(LIU Yingguang,KONG Xianjing,ZOU Degao.Fast Lagrangian difference analysis of the reinforcement technology to high earth-rockfill dam[C]//Proceedings of the 15th National Conference on Structural Engineering.[S.l.]:[s.n.],2006:432-436.(in Chinese))
[13]孔宪京,邹德高,邓学晶,等.高土石坝综合抗震措施及其效果的验算[J].水利学报,2006,37(12):1 489-1 495.(KONG Xianjing,ZOU Degao,DENG Xuejing,et al.Comprehensive earthquake resistant measure of high earth-rockfill dams and effectiveness verification[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2006,37(12):1 489-1 495.(in Chinese))
[14]刘小生,王钟宁,汪小刚,等.面板堆石坝振动模型试验及动力分析研究[J].水利学报,2002,33(2):29-36.(LIU Xiaosheng,WANG Zhongning,WANG Xiaogang,et al.Shaking table model test and dynamic analysis of core faceplate rockfill dam[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2002,33(2):29-36.(in Chinese))
[15]ZHENG H,LIU D F,LI C G.Slope stability analysis based on elastoplastic finite element method[J].International Journal for Numerical Method in Engineering,2005,64(9):1 871-1 888.
[16]ZHENG H,SUN G H,LIU D F.A practical procedure for searching critical slip surfaces of slopes based on the strength reduction technique[J].Computers and Geotechnics,2009,36(1):1-5.
[17]刘莹光.加筋技术在高土石坝中的应用[硕士学位论文][D].大连:大连理工大学,2006.(LIU Yingguang.Application of reinforcement technology to high earth-rockfill dam earthquake-resistance[M.S.Thesis][D].Dalian:Dalian University of Technology,2006.(in Chinese))
[2]顾淦臣.土石坝地震工程[M].南京:河海大学出版社,1989.(GU Ganchen.Earth-rock dam in earthquake engineering[M].Nanjing:Hohai University Press,1989.(in Chinese))
[3]韩国城,孔宪京,王承伦,等.天生桥面板堆石坝三维整体模型动力试验研究[C]//第三届全国地震工程会议论文集(Ⅲ).大连:[s.n.],1990:1 373-1 378.(HAN Guocheng,KONG Xianjing,WANG Chenglun,et al.Dynamic failure test study on the three-dimensional model of Tianshengqiao CFRD dam[C]//Proceedings of the 3rd National Conference on Earthquake Engineering(Ⅲ).Dalian:[s.n.],1990:1 373-1 378.(in Chinese))
[4]KONG X J,ZHU TONG,HAN G C.Effects of measures for enhancing dynamics stability of concrete faced rockfill dam(I)[J].Journal of Japan Dam Engineering,2000,10(2):93-101.
[5]韩国城,孔宪京.混凝土面板堆石坝抗震研究进展[J].大连理工大学学报:自然科学版,1996,36(6):708-720.(HAN Guocheng,KONG Xianjing.A seismic studies of concrete faced rockfill dams:state-of-the-art[J].Journal of Dalian University of Technology:Natural Science,1996,36(6):708-720.(in Chinese))
[6]孔宪京,刘君,韩国城.面板堆石坝模型动力破坏试验及数值仿真分析[J].岩土工程学报,2001,23(1):26-30.(KONG Xianjing,LIU Jun,HAN Guocheng.Dynamic failure test and numerical simulation of model concrete faced rockfill dam[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2001,23(1):26-30.(in Chinese))
[7]李永胜.边坡振动台模型试验及相关问题研究[硕士学位论文][D].大连:大连理工大学,2009.(LI Yongsheng.Shaking table test on the model of slope and research on correlated issues[M.S.Thesis][D].Dalian:Dalian University of Technology,2009.(in Chinese))
[8]范书立,陈健云,王建涌,等.高拱坝振动台地震破坏试验研究及数值仿真[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(3):467-474.(FAN Shuli,CHEN Jianyun,WANG Jianyong,et al.Experimental study and numerical simulation for seismic failure of high arch dam on shaking table[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(3):467-474.(in Chinese))
[9]彭文斌.FLAC3D实用教程[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2008.(PENG Wenbin.Practical tutorial of FLAC3D[M].Beijing:Machinery Industry Press,2008.(in Chinese))
[10]陈育民,徐鼎平.FLAC/FLAC3D基础与工程实例[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2009.(CHEN Yumin,XU Dingping.Foundation and project of FLAC/FLAC3D[M].Beijing:China Water Power Press,2009.(in Chinese))
[11]刘波,韩彦辉.FLAC原理、实例与应用指南[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2005.(LIU Bo,HAN Yanhui.FLAC principles,examples and application[M].Beijing:China Communications Press,2005.(in Chinese))
[12]刘莹光,孔宪京,邹德高.高土石坝加筋抗震措施的快速拉格朗日差分分析[C]//第15届全国结构工程学术会议论文集.[S.l.]:[s.n.],2006:432-436.(LIU Yingguang,KONG Xianjing,ZOU Degao.Fast Lagrangian difference analysis of the reinforcement technology to high earth-rockfill dam[C]//Proceedings of the 15th National Conference on Structural Engineering.[S.l.]:[s.n.],2006:432-436.(in Chinese))
[13]孔宪京,邹德高,邓学晶,等.高土石坝综合抗震措施及其效果的验算[J].水利学报,2006,37(12):1 489-1 495.(KONG Xianjing,ZOU Degao,DENG Xuejing,et al.Comprehensive earthquake resistant measure of high earth-rockfill dams and effectiveness verification[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2006,37(12):1 489-1 495.(in Chinese))
[14]刘小生,王钟宁,汪小刚,等.面板堆石坝振动模型试验及动力分析研究[J].水利学报,2002,33(2):29-36.(LIU Xiaosheng,WANG Zhongning,WANG Xiaogang,et al.Shaking table model test and dynamic analysis of core faceplate rockfill dam[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2002,33(2):29-36.(in Chinese))
[15]ZHENG H,LIU D F,LI C G.Slope stability analysis based on elastoplastic finite element method[J].International Journal for Numerical Method in Engineering,2005,64(9):1 871-1 888.
[16]ZHENG H,SUN G H,LIU D F.A practical procedure for searching critical slip surfaces of slopes based on the strength reduction technique[J].Computers and Geotechnics,2009,36(1):1-5.
[17]刘莹光.加筋技术在高土石坝中的应用[硕士学位论文][D].大连:大连理工大学,2006.(LIU Yingguang.Application of reinforcement technology to high earth-rockfill dam earthquake-resistance[M.S.Thesis][D].Dalian:Dalian University of Technology,2006.(in Chinese))